THE USE OF BIOFERTILIZERS INCREASED PLANT GROWTH WITH NO TRADE-OFF EFFECT ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Several experiments have been carried out to elucidate the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions as effect of replacement of chemical fertilizer by biofertilizers on alluvial soils in Indonesia. Biofertilizers “Biotara” and “Biosure” were applied along with NPK fertilizer on alluvial soil cultivated with rice. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were monitored in biweekly basis up to the maximum vegetative growth of the rice plant. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OP EFB) as well as grasses were composted with Bacillus brevis and Bacillus megaterium as activator. The composts were incorporated into alluvial soils cultivated to oil palm and the emissions of N2O, CH4 and CO2 were monitored in biweekly basis. The results showed that biofertilizer “Biotara” or “Biosure” combined with NPK fertilizer (¾ recommendation dose) could increase paddy growth with no significant effect on N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions. The emissions of N2O, CH4 and CO2 exhibited seasonal changes as affected by inclusion of either OP EFB and weed compost along with NPK fertilizer. Global warming potentials of each treatment for NPK, OP EFB compost and weed compost were 5.6, -5.2 and -4.9 ton CO2equ m-2 year-1, respectively. It could be concluded that the replacements of synthetic fertilizer with biofertilizer or compost did not have negative impact on the environment which could be promoted.

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CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF CARBON FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/2073-0462-2021-7-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

Radik Safin ◽

Ayrat Valiev ◽

Valeriya Kolesar

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

The Republic

Global climatic changes have a negative impact on the development of all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. However, the very production of agricultural products is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Taking into account the need to reduce the “carbon footprint” in food production, a special place is occupied by the analysis of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of measures for their sequestration in agriculture. One of the main directions for reducing emissions and immobilizing greenhouse gases is the development of special techniques for their sequestration in the soil, including those used in agriculture. Adaptation of existing farming systems for this task will significantly reduce the “carbon footprint” from agricultural production, including animal husbandry. The development of carbon farming allows not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to significantly increase the level of soil fertility, primarily by increasing the content of organic matter in them. As a result, it becomes possible, along with the production of crop production, to produce “carbon units” that are sold on local and international markets. The paper analyzes possible greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the potential for their sequestration in agricultural soils. The role of various elements of the farming system in solving the problem of reducing the “carbon footprint” is considered and ways of developing carbon farming in the Republic of Tatarstan are proposed

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Estate and Smallholding Oil Palm Production in Sarawak: A Comparison of Profitability and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research - Anthropogenic Tropical Forests ◽

10.1007/978-981-13-7513-2_24 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 497-515

Author(s):

Fumikazu Ubukata ◽

Yucho Sadamichi

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Gas Emissions

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Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-14298-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hannah V. Cooper ◽

Stephanie Evers ◽

Paul Aplin ◽

Neil Crout ◽

Mohd Puat Bin Dahalan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Swamp Forest ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Peat Swamp Forest ◽

Oil Palm Plantation ◽

Peat Swamp

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Soil greenhouse gas emissions from inorganic fertilizers and recycled oil palm waste products from Indonesian oil palm plantations

GCB Bioenergy ◽

10.1111/gcbb.12618 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1056-1074 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Niharika Rahman ◽

Thilde Bech Bruun ◽

Ken E. Giller ◽

Jakob Magid ◽

Gerrie W. J. Ven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Waste Products ◽

Palm Waste ◽

Oil Palm Waste

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PENGARUH TINGGI MUKA AIR SALURAN DRAINASE, PUPUK, DAN AMELIORAN TERHADAP EMISI CO 2 PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN GAMBUT

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.66-71 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

AI DARIAH ◽

JUBAEDAH JUBAEDAH ◽

WAHYUNTO WAHYUNTO ◽

JOKO PITONO

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Active Material ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Fertilizer Recommendations ◽

Intensive Use ◽

Influence Of Water ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

ABSTRAK Drainase yang berlebihan dan penggunaan pupuk yang intensif diduga menjadi penyebab tingginya emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh tinggi muka air (TMA) saluran drainase, pupuk, serta amelioran terhadap emisi CO 2 dari perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan gambut. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari 2010 sampai dengan Desember 2011, pada perkebunan sawit di lahan gambut, di Kecamatan Siak Kecil, Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau, menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah, tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah TMA saluran drainase (40, 60, dan 80 cm). Anak petak adalah pupuk dan amelioran: (1) dolomit 3 kg/pohon/tahun; (2) Pugam 10 kg/pohon/tahun; (3) Pupuk dosis rekomendasi (2,5 kg urea+2,75 kg SP-36+2,25 kg KCl+dolomit 2 kg)/pohon/tahun; (4) Pupuk 75% dosis rekomendasi pukan 20 kg/pohon/tahun; (5) Pupuk 75% dosis rekomendasi Pugam 2,5 kg/pohon. Parameter yang diamati adalah fluks CO 2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada TMA drainase 80 cm, perlakuan dolomit menghasilkan fluks CO 2 nyata paling tinggi (142,1 t/ha/tahun) dan terendah (44,5 t/ha/tahun) dicapai perlakuan pugam. Fluks CO 2 yang tinggi (130,6 t/ha/tahun) juga dicapai perlakuan pupuk dosis rekomendasi, khususnya pada TMA 40 cm. Pada musim kemarau TMA drainase berpengaruh nyata terhadap fluks CO 2 , terendah dicapai TMA 40 cm. Oleh karena itu, untuk meminimalkan emisi gas CO 2 , maka TMA drainase perlu dipertahankan sedangkal mungkin (sekitar 40 cm) selama tidak menurunkan produksi kelapa sawit. Amelioran dengan bahan aktif kation polyvalen berpotensi dapat menekan emisi GRK dari lahan gambut yang dikelola secara intensif. Kata kunci: amelioran, emisi, drainase, gambut, kelapa sawit, pupukABSTRACT Excessive drainage and intensive use of fertilizers thought to be the cause of high greenhouse gas emissions in peatland under oil palm plantations. The study aimed at measuring the influence of water level drainage (WLD), fertilizer, and ameliorant on CO 2 emissions from oil palm plantations on peatland. The study was conducted from January 2010 to December 2011, at oil palm plantation on peatland, located in Siak Kecil District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau, using split plot design, with three replications. The main plot were WLD (40, 60, and 80 cm), as sub plots were fertilizer and amelioran: (1) dolomite 3 kg/tree/year; (2) peat fertilizer 10 kg/tree/year; (3) dose of fertilizer recommendations (2,5 kg urea+2,75 kg SP-36+2,25 kg KCl+dolomite 2 kg)/tree/year; (4) 75% dose of fertilizer recommendations + manure 20 kg/tree/year; (5) 75% dose of fertilizer recommendations + peat fertilizer 2.5 kg/tree/year. Parameter observed was CO 2 flux. The result showed that at WLD 80 cm, dolomite treatment resulted the highest (142,1 t/ha/year) and the lowest CO 2 flux (44,5 t/ha/year) resulted by peat fertilizer. The highest CO 2 flux also reached by fertilizer recommendations treatment, particularly on WLD 40 cm. In dry season WLD significantly effect on CO 2 flux. The lowest reached by WLD 40 cm. Based on that the WLD needs to be maintained in a state of shallow (approximately 40 cm), without lowering production. The use of fertilizer containing ameliorant with the polyvalen cation as active material, potentially suppress the rate of greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands are managed intensively. Key words: ameliorant, emission, drainage, peatland, oil palm, , fertilizer

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Refrigerated Transport: State of the Art, Technical Issues, Innovations and Challenges for Sustainability

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217237 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7237

Author(s):

Angelo Maiorino ◽

Fabio Petruzziello ◽

Ciro Aprea

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Routing Problem ◽

Alternative Technologies ◽

Refrigerated Transport

The cold chain is responsible for perishable products preservation and transportation, maintaining a proper temperature to slow biological decay processes. Often the efficiency of the cold chain is less than ideal, significantly increasing food waste and energy consumption. Refrigerated transport is a critical phase of the cold chain because of its negative impact on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It is estimated that around 15% of global fossil fuel energy is used in the refrigerated transport sector, so there has been a growing interest in the last decades in the optimization of these systems in order to reduce their environmental impact. Vapor compression refrigeration units, usually powered by means of a diesel engine, are the most commonly used systems in road refrigerated transport. This paper provides a review of (a) currently used systems and alternative technologies that could reduce the environmental impacts of road refrigerated transport and (b) optimization models and methods used to minimize fuel/energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, focusing both on reducing the thermal loads and solving the refrigerated vehicle routing problem.

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Optimasi pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit menggunakan dekomposer bakteri lignoselulolitik skala komersial Optimization of decomposition of empty fruit bunches oil palm using lignocellulolytic bacterialdecomposercomposting in commercial scale

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/ppbbi.jur.mp.v83i2.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽

Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO ◽

. SUHARYANTO ◽

. SISWANTO

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Commercial Scale ◽

Aerobic Decomposition ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Decomposition System

AbstractDecomposition produces methane gas that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. A research has been conducted to anticipate the occurrence of greenhouse gas emissions by composting of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) waste with aerobic systems using lignocellulolytic bacterial decom-posers (LCBD) in a commercial scale. Two of the activities carried out areoptimization of anaerobic decomposition (pre-treatment) process and optimization of anaerobic-aerobic decompositionin a scale of 50 tons and 780 tons. The results showed that the best pre-treatment is decomposition using fungal decomposer (Acticomp) in an open area and covered with a plastic. In the anaerobic-aerobic decomposition system on scale of 50 tons, the best treatment is using fungal decomposer (Acticomp) and lcbd both for four weeks each while on a scale of 780 tons showed that EFB decomposition on combination of anaerobic and aerobic decom-position system within two months and two weeks respectively produce compost with the C/N ratio of 20.5. The properties of compost was perfectly mature and producing the highest number of green bean germinated seeds.AbstrakPengomposan atau dekomposisi secara anaerob menghasilkan gas metan yang dapat me-nyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca.Untuk antisipasi terjadinya emisi gas rumah kaca telah dilakukan penelitian pengomposan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan sistem aerobik menggunakan dekomposer bakteri lignoselulolitik (DBLS)pada skala komersial. Dua kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah optimasi pengomposan anaerob (pre treatment) dan optimasi pengomposan anaerobik-aerobik masing-masing pada skala 50 ton dan 780 ton. Pada optimasi pengomposan dua faktor yang diuji adalah penggunaan dekomposer dan penutupan kompos sedangkan pada optimasi pengomposan anaerobik-aerobik diuji pengaruh penggunaan DBLS dan pengaruh penggunaan DBLS dan lama periode sistem pengomposan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pre treatment terbaik adalah pengomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) di areal terbuka dan ditutup terpal. Perlakuan pada sistem anaerobik-aerobik skala 50 ton terbaik adalah pengomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) selama empat minggu dan dengan DBLS selama empat minggu sedangkan pada skala 780 ton menunjukkan bahwa pengomposan TKKS pada kombinasi antara pe-ngomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) dan DBLS masing-masing dalam waktu dua bulan dan dua minggu menghasilkan kompos TKKS dengan rasio C/N 20,5 dengan karakter matang sempurna dan mampu menghasilkan jumlah biji kacang hijau berkecambah tertinggi.

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A CARBON FOOTPRINT FROM WOOD PELLET

Facta Universitatis, Series: Working and Living Environmental Protection ◽

10.22190/fuwlep1801081j ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 081

Author(s):

Milica Jović ◽

Mirjana Laković ◽

Marjan Jovčevski

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gasses ◽

Product Service ◽

Earth’S Climate ◽

The Impact

Daily emissions of greenhouse gasses have a negative impact on the quality of the atmosphere. In almost every sector there is a certain emission of these gasses. This means that every sector, whether it is the energy, industry, transport sector or the household has a part in the degradation of the environment. In this connection, many models have been developed, whose task is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide as well to improve the environmental quality. This paper will discuss the carbon footprint model. A carbon footprint is the set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by something. It can be calculated for a product, service, person or even a country, and is used to understand the impact of human activity on the earth’s climate. Also, an analysis of carbon footprint using different types of fuel for heating households will be presented.

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AGRICULTURE IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHALLENGES – THE PROBLEM OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.2178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XXI (2) ◽

pp. 246-255

Author(s):

Hanna Pondel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Plant Production ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Local Conditions

Changes in seasonal weather cycles, a growing number of extreme phenomena, an upward trend in temperature and changes in the distribution of rainfall, significantly affect the functioning and effectiveness of agriculture. However, agriculture plays a major role in the emergence and intensification of these phenomena. The aim of the article is to present, analyse and evaluate the relations between agriculture and climate, with particular emphasis on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture in these relations. A cause-and-effect analysis was conducted based on literature studies, using the descriptive statistics method and analysis of the development trend. The basis for analysis were data on GHG emissions in the European Union (EU-28). The contribution of agriculture to the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions, albeit slightly but still increasing in recent years. The level of this emission is determined primarily by the type of agricultural activity conducted – animal production is definitely responsible for higher emissions than plant production. It is difficult to present a universal model of agricultural adaptation to climate change and a set of actions limiting the negative impact of agricultural production on climate. This is hindered by both the specificity of the agricultural sector and the large diversity of local conditions and applied farming practices. The opportunity to increase the effectiveness of actions taken may be a better connection between the implementation of objectives including the reduction of the causes and negative consequences of climate change and the objectives of sustainable agricultural development.

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