PEMANFAATAN SERAT SELULOSA ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia Crassipes) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU  PEMBUATAN KERTAS: ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an aquatic weeds and as water pollution which can be reduced by using its celloluse fiber as raw material for paper production. In this work, the cellulose fiber which produced from water hyacinth stems by chemical pulping method was isolated and characterized. The operating conditions for produced the highest yield of water hyacinth’s fiber by variation of NaOH concentration and cooking time were also investigated. Dry hyacinth stems on liquor/crop ratio was 7:1 (mL/g) and mixed with 1-5% (w/v) NaOH then degested in an autoclave (120 0C; 14,5 Psi) for 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. The operating condition which highest yield production was mixed with newspapers fiber with ratio 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. The NaClO 5.25% (v/v) was added into the mixture as bleaching agent, then pressed and dried as a paper. The highest water hyacinth fiber yield was obtained about 32.31% (2.5% w/v NaOH for 15 min). When mixed with newspaper fiber at loading ratio 2:1, the highest yield and density were obtained about 37.27% and 0.567 g/cm3, respectively. Base on observation by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the diameter of water hyacinth’s fiber is 80-166 nm and waste newspaper fiber is ± 56 μm. In addition, in the presence of newspaper fiber in the product was increased the characteristic peaks of paper around 5.66% (cellulose I) and 8.26% (cellulose II) base on X-Ray Difraction (XRD) result. Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes, chemical pulping, autoclave, kertas

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PENGARUH KOMPOSISI SEKAM PADI DAN AMPAS TEBU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KERTAS DENGAN PROSES SODA

Konversi ◽

10.20527/k.v3i2.160 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Yuli Ristianingsih ◽

Nelli Angreani ◽

Annisa Fitriani

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bleaching Agent ◽

Fiber Loading ◽

Paper Making ◽

Yield Production ◽

Chemical Pulping ◽

Loading Ratio

Abstrak- Kertas adalah sesuatu yang sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari terdiri dari serat selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang terdapat di alam. Salah satu limbah yang dapat diolah menjadi bahan baku alternatif pembuatan kertas adalah sekam padi dan ampas tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi sekam padi dan ampas tebu serta konsentrasi NaOH terhadap yield pulp yang dihasilkan. Kondisi operasi yang terbaik yang dihasilkan dari sekam padi dan serat ampas tebu oleh variasi konsentrasi NaOH juga diselidiki. Bahan baku kering dengan perbandingan liquor/crop 15:1 (mL/g) dicampur dengan NaOH (3-6% w/v) kemudian di digester dalam autoclave (120°C, 1 atm) selama 60 menit. Kondisi operasi dengan produksi yield terendah ketika dicampur antara serat ampas tebu dan serat sekam padi dengan perbandingan 1: 3, 1: 2 dan 1: 1. NaClO 5,25% (v / v) ditambahkan ke dalam campuran sebagai bleaching agent, kemudian proses selanjutnya ditekan dan dikeringkan sehingga dapat diproduksi menjadi kertas. Yield terkecil sekam padi dan ampas tebu pada konsentrasi NaOH 5% (w/v) adalah 42,28% dan 35,36%. Yield dan densitas terkecil ampas tebu dan sekam padi dengan perbandingan liquor/crop 1:2 adalah 42,28% dan 4,26 g/cm3. Kta kunci: kertas, chemical pulping, autoclave. Abstract- Generallay, the paper is made from fiber plants which contained cellulose fibers and hemicellulose usually exist in nature . One of waste that can be processed into paper-making raw material alternative is rice husk and bagasse. The purpose of this research was to know the influence of the composition of the rice husk and bagasse as well as NaOH concentration against pulp that yields produced. The operating conditions for the best produced of the rice husk’s and bagasse's fiber by variation of NaOH concentration were also investigated. Dry raw materials on liquor/crop ratio was 15:1 (mL/g) and mixed with 3 to 6% (w/v) NaOH then digested in an autoclave (120 0C; 1 atm) for 60 min. The operating condition which lowest yield production was mixed between the bagasse’s and rice husk’s fiber with ratio 1:3, 1:2 and 1:1. The NaClO 5.25% (v/v) was added into the mixture as bleaching agent, then pressed and dried as a paper. The lowest rice husk’s and bagasse’s fiber yield at 5% (w/v) NaOH concentration was obtained about 45.44% and 35.36%. The lowest yield and density at bagasse’s and rice husk’s fiber loading ratio 1:2 were obtained about 42.28% and 4.26 g/cm3.Keywords: paper, chemical pulping, autoclave.

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Release of reducing sugars from water hyacinth by thermochemical and enzymatic hydrolysis

Mexican Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.29267/mxjb.2021.6.1.156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 156-164

Author(s):

Jessica E. Guzmán-Pérez ◽

◽

Oscar J. Salinas-Luna ◽

Ernesto Favela-Torres ◽

Nohemi López-Ramírez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽

Raw Material ◽

Thermochemical Pretreatment

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered a pernicious herb in many parts of the world due to its rapid growth. However, for its high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, it could be considered as raw material to produce fermentable sugars. In this work, the effect of sulfuric acid concentration by thermochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on the release of sugars from water hyacinth was evaluated. Initially, the effect of the sulfuric acid concentration from 1.5 to 9% at 120 ºC was evaluated. With 1.5%, the release of reducing sugars was 160 milligrams of reducing sugars per gram of dry matter (mg red-sug/g dm). After the thermochemical pretreatment, the enzymatic hydrolysis with the cellulase complex (NS22086) allowed obtaining a reducing sugars concentration up to 317 mg red-sug/g dm. These thermochemical and enzymatic approaches to recover reducing sugars from water hyacinth is promising and should be evaluated for bioprocess using reducing sugars as the main source of carbon, such as bioethanol production.

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Eco-Friendly Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Using NaOH/Urea Pretreatment

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.990.225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 990 ◽

pp. 225-230

Author(s):

Kraiwit Pakutsah ◽

Duangdao Aht-Ong

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Electron Microscopy ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Aqueous Suspension ◽

Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Ii ◽

Cellulose I ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Water Hyacinth Fiber

In this work, we described an effective approach to prepare nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with cellulose II structure under mild condition. Firstly, the water hyacinth (WH) was subjected to a series of a two-step chemical treatment, NaOH/urea pretreatment, and mechanical defibrillation at different defibrillation times. After that, raw water hyacinth fiber (RWF), bleached water hyacinth fiber (BWF), NaOH/urea pretreated water hyacinth fiber (PWF), and the resulting NFC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as well as rheological measurements. It was found that RWF and BWF exhibited cellulose I crystal structure, whereas PWF and the obtained NFC possessed cellulose II crystal structure. FTIR analysis confirmed the evidence that no other chemical reactions preferentially occurred during both NaOH/urea pretreatment and mechanical defibrillation. As evidenced by rheological properties analysis, the NFC aqueous suspension with a gel-like structure demonstrated a shear-thinning behavior. The obtained NFC could potentially be utilized as a reinforcement for polymeric composites.

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Penurunan Kepadatan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) di Danau Rawapening dengan Memanfaatkannya sebagai Bahan Dasar Kompos

Bioma Berkala Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.14710/bioma.23.1.57-62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Syarif Prasetyo ◽

Sutrisno Anggoro ◽

Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati

Keyword(s):

Water Hyacinth ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Raw Material ◽

Basic Material ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Aquatic Weed ◽

Natural Beauty ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Lake Waters

High sedimentation and the entry of organik and inorganik pollutants, especially P and N, have led to the eutrophication of Rawapening Lake waters. These conditions triggered an uncontrolled booming of water hyacinth aquatic weed (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms). The presence of water hyacinth triggers a significant loss of water compared to local weeds through evapotranspiration. The invasion of water hyacinth causes various problems, including depletion of water oxygen content which has an impact on decreasing fish production, damaging natural beauty, and also affecting public health. Many efforts to control water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake have been carried out both physically and by utilizing biological agents. One of the efforts to control the density of water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake is to use it as compost raw material. Water hyacinth contains various elements that are useful for making quality compost, including calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and others. Water hyacinth root contains sulfates and phosphates, the leaves contain carotin and the flowers contain delphinidin-3-diglucosida. The various nutrients contained in water hyacinth make quality compost capable of meeting the nutritional needs of cultivated plants. This article aims to review the use of water hyacinth as a basic material for making compost which is useful for fertilizing agricultural cultivation activities

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Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): A Potential Raw Material for Developing Handicraft Sector in Assam

Journal of Krishi Vigyan ◽

10.5958/2349-4433.2015.00070.7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rupjyoti Bhattacharjee ◽

Rizwanul Helim ◽

Rinku Moni Phukon ◽

Sanjukta Saikia ◽

Pabitra Kr. Bordoloi

Keyword(s):

Water Hyacinth ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Raw Material

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Characterization of Chitosan-Bentonite and Water Hyacinth Plant as a Potential Adsorbent

Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) ◽

10.24114/ijcst.v1i1.16318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Moondra Zubir ◽

Hafni Indriati Nasution ◽

Mutya Fika Safitri ◽

Agustina Mandasari

Keyword(s):

Water Hyacinth ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Silica Content ◽

Triclinic Crystal System ◽

X Ray ◽

Crystal System ◽

Infra Red ◽

Ftir Spectrophotometry

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has a very rapid growth in the waters so it can cause eutrophication. The silica content of 5.56% allows water hyacinth can be utilized as a natural adsorbent. Bentonit has an advantage as an adsorbent because it has an inter-layered structure that can be easily modified with chitosan, resulting in better performance as an eco-friendly adsorbent. This research aims to determine the characterization of chitosan-bentonite and water hyacinth as a adsorbent of Pb(II)removal. Characterization tests were performed using X-ray difraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrophotometry. From the results of quantitative XRD analysis can be seen that the adsorbent of chitosan-bentonit and water hyacinth have different adsorbent characteristic, but has the same crystal system that is triclinic crystal system.

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POTENSI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK (Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) As Raw Materials Organic Fertilizer)

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v8i1.2063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

I Dewa Gede Putra Prabawa

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Total Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Nitrogen Contents

Oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have not been widely used, especially in South Kalimantan. These materials were known containing macro elements that are needed by plants. This research was conducted to study potential of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth as raw material for organic fertilizer. The effect of ashing temperature variations (500°C; 750°C; 1000°C) on the macro nutrients content (N, P2O5, and K2O) have been studied. The result showed that the characterization of empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have the highest P2O5 and K2O content, whereas the content of nitrogen was still lowest. The treatment of ashing temperature was effect on improve total content of N, P2O5 and K2O. The highest nitrogen contents in empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 500oC. The highest P2O5 contents in empty fruit bunches obtained on ashing temperature 1000oC and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 750oC. The highest K2O contents in empty fruit bunches obtained on ashing temperature 750oC and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 500oC. Ash of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth was potentially as a source of nutrients P2O5 and K2O for organic fertilizer, but less potential as a source of nitrogen.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, water hyacinth, raw material, organic fertilizer

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Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] for Liquid Smoke Production

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202122600038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 226 ◽

pp. 00038

Author(s):

Rita Dwi Ratnani ◽

Hadiyanto Hadiyanto ◽

Widiyanto Widiyanto ◽

Maizirwan Mel

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Raw Material ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Smoke Production

This research aimed to determine the chemical composition of Rawapening, Semarang District, Indonesia water hyacinth and to study the effect of pyrolysis time on the volume of liquid smoke products. The water hyacinth was cut into pieces with a size of about 2 cm to 3 cm, and placed in pyrolisator. A total of 700 g of water hyacinth sample was fed into the pyrolysis. The product was observed for its content of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C. The results showed that water hyacinth contains hemicellulose 36 % d.b, cellulose 21 % d.b and lignin 7 % d.b which it potential to be a raw material for liquid smoke production. The effect of temperature was significant on liquid smoke products. It was proven that the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the greater the liquid smoke produced. The liquid smoke was obtained for 0.2 mL per 100 g, 12.3 mL per 100 g and 16.3 mL per 100 g dried biomass water hyacinth at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C, respectively.

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