scholarly journals Study of the Combined Effect of Stress Factor and Musical Signal on the Psychophysical State of Human

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Volodymyrivna Pareniuk ◽  
Dmytro Volodymyrovych Pareniuk ◽  
Kateryna Serhiivna Drozdenko ◽  
Serhii Anatoliiovych Nayda
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
The State ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Delta Rhythm ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

Today the actual direction in psychoacoustics is the use of acoustic influences in order to correct the physiological, functional or psychological state of man. Various audio stimuli are used to achieve this goal, such as regulating heart rate, increasing the productivity of human work, improving mood and relieving depression. To study the effectiveness of music therapy with the help of modern electroencephalographic complexes, an electroencephalogram (EEG) is recorded and analyzed. Changes in the state of the brain can be assessed by changes in the frequency components (rhythms) of the EEG. Delta rhythm is registered during deep sleep, hyperventilation or anesthesia. The dominance of delta activity in adolescents and adults in the state of wakefulness is a sign of pathology. There is information that fluctuations in this rhythm can be identified in the EEG signal at rest under some forms of stress. The aim of this work is to analyze the ratio of the contribution of delta waves of the brain in its total activity in percentage when listening to low-frequency acoustic signals before and during the action of stressors. The experiments were conducted on 5 people, of whom 2 were men and 3 – women, all of them aged 18-22 years. A total of 14 experiments were conducted - 7 in male and female groups. Electroencephalogram (EEG) registration took place in 16 leads. The composition “Demon Wings” by Bohren & der Club of Gore was used as a musical impact factor. Research was conducted in time periods before and during the increased study load, which is actually considered as a factor that causes an increase in psycho-emotional stress. The results obtained in the periods before and during the influence of the stress factor are presented via the following data: mean values ​​of the comparative levels, differences in mean values and the probability of error of the delta rhythms in the two hemispheres of the brain in periods during the first and third minutes of the experiment. The probability of error of the assumption was determined via using Student's t-criterion. Obtained results show that the average values ​​of the test groups under the influence of stress factor increased significantly relative to the values ​​obtained before this influence. In addition, if before the influence of stress factors there was a decrease in values ​​in the third minute of the experiment relative to the first, then after this effect, the values ​​did not vary. There is no statistically significant difference for the last two compared groups The data presented in the paper indicate that the level of delta rhythm increases significantly during the indirect influence of time-stretched stressors, despite the presence of another type of influence - acoustic, caused by a low-frequency music signal. This rhythm is abnormal for the human body, which is in good spirits. That is why the presence of a high level of this rhythm can affect the accuracy of experiments that investigate the effect of a musical signal on the psycho-emotional state of a person, regardless of the nature of the impact and spectral characteristics of the musical signal.

scholarly journals Low-frequency electroencephalogram oscillations govern left-eye lateralization during anti-predatory responses in the music frog

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (21) ◽  
pp. jeb232637
Author(s):  
Jiangyan Shen ◽  
Ke Fang ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Yanzhu Fan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Steady Velocity

ABSTRACTVisual lateralization is widespread for prey and anti-predation in numerous taxa. However, it is still unknown how the brain governs this asymmetry. In this study, we conducted behavioral and electrophysiological experiments to evaluate anti-predatory behaviors and dynamic brain activities in Emei music frogs (Nidirana daunchina), to explore the potential eye bias for anti-predation and the underlying neural mechanisms. To do this, predator stimuli (a model snake head and a leaf as a control) were moved around the subjects in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions at steady velocity. We counted the number of anti-predatory responses and measured electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra for each band and brain area (telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon). Our results showed that (1) no significant eye preferences could be found for the control (leaf); however, the laterality index was significantly lower than zero when the predator stimulus was moved anti-clockwise, suggesting that left-eye advantage exists in this species for anti-predation; (2) compared with no stimulus in the visual field, the power spectra of delta and alpha bands were significantly greater when the predator stimulus was moved into the left visual field anti-clockwise; and, (3) generally, the power spectra of each band in the right-hemisphere for the left visual field were higher than those in the left counterpart. These results support that the left eye mediates the monitoring of a predator in music frogs and lower-frequency EEG oscillations govern this visual lateralization.

CONSIDERATION OF THE VALIDITY OF THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF pH IN SURFACE WATERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
V. B. Korobov ◽  
I. V. Miskevich ◽  
A. S. Lokhov ◽  
K. A. Seredkin
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Unit Characteristic

Abstract: pH is one of the most important parameters characterizing the state of water systems. The arithmetic mean values of samples are often used when averaging serial pH measurements in water bodies, as is usually done for other characteristics of the state of the natural environment (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentrations, suspended solids, etc.). However, in this case such an operation is illegal, since the addition of logarithms, which by definition are pH, is non-additive. The authors conducted a study to determine the extent to which pH variability in natural objects such an operation would not distort the results. For this, several samples of the pH index were generated in various ranges of its theoretically possible and natural variability. It was established that with pH variability of less than a unit characteristic of marine pH values, the statistical characteristics of the indicator and [H+ ] concentrations differ slightly, and the medians of the samples coincide. It is concluded that with such ranges characteristic of the waters of the oceans, there is no need to recalculate previously obtained results. However, for the estuaries of rivers flowing into tidal seas, as shown by field measurements, the pH variability in the mixing zone of sea and river waters is several times higher. Similar situations may occur when heavy precipitation falls on the water surface, as well as during floods. In these cases, a simple averaging of the pH values will no longer be correct. In such cases, the use of other averaging algorithms and the choice of stable statistical characteristics are required.

Comparative characteristics of educational stress and mental health of senior medicine students at different universities (results of an interregional study)

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Victoria Ruzhenkova ◽  
Irina Sheremet’eva ◽  
Viktor Ruzhenkov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
The State ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
State University ◽  
The Future ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
Medical University

Stress negatively affects the mental health of students, causes anxiety and depression, leads to poor academic performance, lowers level of professional training and success in the future. The purpose of the research is to study the state of mental health of medical students to develop recommendations for the prevention of maladaptation. Materials and methods. 252 5-year students aged 20–29 (22 ± 1,1) years, 168 (66,7 %) females and 84 (33,3 %) males (137 students of Belgorod State University and 115 of Altay State Medical University (ASMU)) were examined by medico-sociological and psychometric methods. Results. It was established that every fifth student of the Belgorod State University and every third of the ASMU did not enter the medical university on their own initiative. Less than half (43 %) of Belgorod State University students and 30.4 % of the ASMU ones are convinced that the choice of profession was correct, 35 and 37.4 % are, consequently, completely disappointed with it. Students of Belgorod State University dealt with training stress factors poorer and, as a result, have more pronounced mental symptoms of training stress, difficulties in organizing the daily regimen, irregular nutrition, and fear of the future. Regardless of the region of studying, the number of students not committed to the medical profession, after 5 years of study, is more than 3 times higher among those who enter the university not on their own initiative. Students of the ASMU hit substances, skipped classes, played computer games and took sedative drugs more often to overcome academic stress. The degree of anxiety before the exams in students of Belgorod State University was higher (9 points) than in their peers from the State Medical University (7 points). An extremely high (8–10 points) level of anxiety before exams was characteristic of 75,9 and 44,3 % of students, respectively. The former were more likely to experience clinically significant panic attacks: 27,7 and 6,1 %. Conclusion. Given the high incidence of social phobia (19,1–24,1 %), depression (22,6–32,2 %) and anxiety (21,9– 27,8 %) among medical students, the development and implementation of psycho-correctional programs aimed at the formation of adaptive ways to overcome stress, reduce anxiety and depression is required. This will prevent the development of psychosomatic disorders and addictions.

Changes in the Total Power of Beta and Theta Bands When Using EEG Biofeedback in Primary School-Age Children Having Difficulties with Voluntary Regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Yuliya S. Dzhos ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Men’shikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Eeg Biofeedback ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Voluntary Regulation ◽  
The Brain

This article presents the results of the study on spectral electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics in 7–10-year-old children (8 girls and 22 boys) having difficulties with voluntary regulation of activity after 10 and 20 neurofeedback sessions using beta-activating training. Brain bioelectric activity was recorded in 16 standard leads using the Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM complex. The dynamics was assessed by EEG beta and theta bands during neurofeedback. An increase in the total power of beta band oscillations was established both after 10 and after 20 sessions of EEG biofeedback in the frontal (p ≤ 0.001), left parietal (p ≤ 0.036), and temporal (p ≤ 0.003) areas of the brain. A decrease in the spectral characteristics of theta band oscillations was detected: after 10 neurofeedback sessions in the frontal (p ≤ 0.008) and temporal (p ≤ 0.006) areas of both hemispheres, as well as in the parietal area of the left hemisphere (p ≤ 0.005); after 20 sessions, in the central (p ≤ 0.004), frontal (p ≤ 0.001) and temporal (p ≤ 0.001) areas of both hemispheres, as well as in the occipital (p ≤ 0.047) and parietal (p ≤ 0.001) areas of the left hemisphere. The study into the dynamics of bioelectric activity during biofeedback using EEG parameters in 7–10-year-old children with impaired voluntary regulation of higher mental functions allowed us to prove the advisability of 20 sessions, as the increase in high-frequency activity and decrease in low-frequency activity do not stop with the 10th session. Changes in these parameters after 10 EEG biofeedback sessions are expressed mainly in the frontotemporal areas of both hemispheres, while after a course of 20 sessions, in both the frontotemporal and central parietal areas of the brain.

scholarly journals Toward asleep DBS: cortico-basal ganglia spectral and coherence activity during interleaved propofol/ketamine sedation mimics NREM/REM sleep activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guang ◽  
Halen Baker ◽  
Orilia Ben-Yishay Nizri ◽  
Shimon Firman ◽  
Uri Werner-Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Frequency Power

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently a standard procedure for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Many centers employ awake physiological navigation and stimulation assessment to optimize DBS localization and outcome. To enable DBS under sedation, asleep DBS, we characterized the cortico-basal ganglia neuronal network of two nonhuman primates under propofol, ketamine, and interleaved propofol-ketamine (IPK) sedation. Further, we compared these sedation states in the healthy and Parkinsonian condition to those of healthy sleep. Ketamine increases high-frequency power and synchronization while propofol increases low-frequency power and synchronization in polysomnography and neuronal activity recordings. Thus, ketamine does not mask the low-frequency oscillations used for physiological navigation toward the basal ganglia DBS targets. The brain spectral state under ketamine and propofol mimicked rapid eye movement (REM) and Non-REM (NREM) sleep activity, respectively, and the IPK protocol resembles the NREM-REM sleep cycle. These promising results are a meaningful step toward asleep DBS with nondistorted physiological navigation.

scholarly journals Low frequency of LRV1 in Leishmania braziliensis strains isolated from typical and atypical lesions in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 210 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego H. Macedo ◽  
Armando Menezes-Neto ◽  
Jeronimo M. Rugani ◽  
Ana C. Rocha ◽  
Soraia O. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis

The effect of removing dental plaque with low-frequency ultrasound and ozonized contact medium on the microbiota of the gingival sulcus with diagnosis chronic catarrhal gingivitis of young age patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
G. R. Mhoyan ◽  
S. N. Razumova ◽  
A. G. Volkov ◽  
N. Zh. Dikopova ◽  
A. G. Ponomareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The State ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Transient Species ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Low Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Ozonated Water

As a result of the study, it was found that the removal of dental plaque using low-frequency ultrasound and ozonized contact medium in chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis of young people can significantly improve the state of microbiocenosis of the gingival sulcus. The preservation of the main resident species is noted, occasional transient species disappear and the frequency of isolation of aggressive representatives of beta-hemolytic streptococci and periodontopathogenic species decreases. When using ozonated water for the removal of dental deposits, the efficiency of eradication of the microbiota of the gingival sulcus, especially of representatives of aggressive species, is higher than when removing dental deposits without the use of ozonated water.

Effect of Incisions in the Brainstem Commissural Network on the Short-Term Vestibulo-Ocular Adaptation of the CAT

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-239
Author(s):  
G. Cheron
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Optokinetic Response ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Optokinetic Reflex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vor Adaptation

This study was intended to test the adaptive plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex before and after either a midsagittal or parasagittal incision in the brainstem. Eye movements were measured with the electromagnetic search coil technique during the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VORD) in the dark, the optokinetic reflex (OKN), and the visuo-vestibular adaptive training procedure. Two types of visual-vestibular combined stimulation were applied by means of low frequency stimuli (0.05 to 0.10 Hz). In order to increase or decrease the VORD gain, the optokinetic drum was oscillated either 180∘ out-of-phase or in-phase with the vestibular stimulus turntable. This “training” procedure was applied for 4 hours. Initial measurements of the VORD were normal with a mean gain value of 0.92 ± 0.08. After 4 hours of “training” with the out-of-phase condition (180∘), VORD gain reached mean values of 1.33 ± 0.11 (n = 6 cats). In the in-phase combination, the mean VORD gain decreased from 1.0 to 0.63 ± 0.02 (n = 2 cats). No significant change of VORD phase was found in any of the cats. Midsagittal or parasagittal pontomedullary brainstem incisions were performed in 4 cats. Recovery of the VOR was tested on the 2nd, 7th, and 30th day after operation. After the 30th day, recovery of the VORD gain stabilized at about 66% of the initial preoperative value. At this stage of the recovery, the optokinetic response (OKN) of the midsagittal-Iesioned cats was practically normal: in the parasagittal-Jesioned cats, the postoperative OKN responses were asymmetric. After stabilization of recovery, lesioned cats were trained with the same adaptation procedure. Although the direct effect of the visuo-vestibular combined stimulation during the training was still operative in all lesioned cats, the adaptive plasticity was completely abolished by the lesions. These results suggest that the commissural brainstem network may play a crucial role in the acquisition of the forced VOR adaptation.

Information-based analysis of the coupling between brain and heart reactions to olfactory stimulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Najmeh Pakniyat ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Babini ◽  
Vladimir V. Kulish ◽  
Hamidreza Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
First Time ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

BACKGROUND: Analysis of the heart activity is one of the important areas of research in biomedical science and engineering. For this purpose, scientists analyze the activity of the heart in various conditions. Since the brain controls the heart’s activity, a relationship should exist among their activities. OBJECTIVE: In this research, for the first time the coupling between heart and brain activities was analyzed by information-based analysis. METHODS: Considering Shannon entropy as the indicator of the information of a system, we recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals of 13 participants (7 M, 6 F, 18–22 years old) in different external stimulations (using pineapple, banana, vanilla, and lemon flavors as olfactory stimuli) and evaluated how the information of EEG signals and R-R time series (as heart rate variability (HRV)) are linked. RESULTS: The results indicate that the changes in the information of the R-R time series and EEG signals are strongly correlated (ρ=-0.9566). CONCLUSION: We conclude that heart and brain activities are related.

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