Effect of Zinc and Boron Application on Leaf Area, Photosynthetic Pigments, Stomatal Number and Yield of Cashew

Brassica carinata (carinata) has emerged as a potential biofuel source due to its high erucic acid content, making it desirable for various industrial applications. Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are required as primary sources of nutrition for growth and development in different oilseed crops and their utilization is interdependent. The purpose of the study was to analyze the interactive effect of N and S nutrition on the growth and other physiological activities of carinata and B. napus (napus). Four treatments, i.e., optimum NS (+N+S, 100% N and 100% S); N limited (−N+S, 0% N, 100% S); S limited (+N−S, 100% N, 0% S), and NS limited (−N−S, 0% N and 0% S) of N and S in full-strength Hoagland solution were imposed in the current study. Effect of different NS treatments was observed on vegetative traits such as number of primary and secondary branches, total leaf area, total biomass production and allocation, and physiological traits such as production of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis, electron transport, and other aspects for both carinata and napus. The traits of stem elongation, number of nodes, node addition rate, internode length, number of primary and secondary branches were 60%, 36%, 50%, 35%, 56%, and 83% lower, respectively, in napus in comparison to carinata. Different NS treatments also positively influenced the production of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoids in carinata and napus. The concentration of Chla was 11% higher in napus in comparison to carinata. The rate of net photosynthesis, electron transport, and fluorescence was 12%, 8%, and 5% higher based on overall value, respectively, in napus compared to carinata. On the other hand, the overall value for stomatal conductance decreased by 5% in napus when compared to carinata. Different growth-related traits such as vegetative (plant height, node number, internode length, leaf area, number of primary and secondary branches), reproductive (pod number, pod length, seeds per pod), and photosynthetic capacity in oilseed brassicas are correlated with the final seed and oil yield and chemical composition which are of economic importance for the adoption of the crop. Thus, the analysis of these traits will help to determine the effect of NS interaction on crop productivity of carinata and napus.

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Effect of plant growth regulators on leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, stomatal count and yield of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) var. Bhaskara

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.19071/jpc.2017.v45.i2.3309 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Lakshmipathi, J. D. Adiga D. Kalaivanan and G.K. Halesh

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Nut Production ◽

Stomatal Number

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous application of growth regulators at three important growth stages (flushing, flowering and fruiting) on leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, stomatal count and yield of cashew var. Bhaskara. Irrespective of growth stages, foliar application of GA3 @ 50 ppm and ethrel @ 50 ppm was found to be superior in all the parameters and on par with each other compared to other growth regulators. Out of nine treatments of different growth regulators; the highest leaf area was recorded in trees sprayed with GA3 @ 50 ppm and ethrel @ 50 ppm. At flushing stage, spraying with GA3 @ 50 ppm resulted in highest stomatal number (21.9) and carotenoids (0.41) whereas unsprayed (control) trees recorded least stomatal number (11.6) and carotenoids (0.19). Thus, leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids and stomatal count increased in trees sprayed with growth regulators than unsprayed trees. Spraying of ethrel @ 50 ppm recorded highest nut yield (14.3 kg tree-1) followed by NAA @ 25 ppm + GA3 50 ppm (12.9 kg tree-1). This study demonstrated the potential of ethrel as well as GA3 in improving various biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, carotenoids and leaf area in cashew which are important determinants in increasing nut production.

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Concentration of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence of mahogany and tonka bean under two light environments

Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal ◽

10.1590/s0103-31312001000200004 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 149-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

JOSÉ FRANCISCO DE CARVALHO GONÇALVES ◽

RICARDO ANTONIO MARENCO ◽

GIL VIEIRA

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Unit Area ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Area Index ◽

Chl A ◽

Full Sunlight ◽

Shade Leaves ◽

Mass Basis ◽

Chlorophyll Concentrations

This study was carried out in a plantation of a degraded area in Central Amazon, Brazil, in order to assess environmental light effects on leaf pigment concentrations and chlorophyll a fluorescence in mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) and tonka bean (Dipteryx odorata Aubl. Willd). Three-year old saplings were grown in an open site (sun) with maximum radiation of approximately 2000 mumol m-2 s-1 and under the shade of a Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam. Urb) canopy. A leaf area index of 2.46 was optically determined for the Ochroma foliage with 13% of full sunlight (maximum radiation about 260 mumol m-2 s-1). Carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations were spectrophotometrically determined. Initial (Fo), maximum (Fm) and variable fluorescence (Fv) were determined with a portable fluorometer. Chlorophyll concentrations (Chl a, Chl b and Chl tot) on a fresh mass basis were greater in shade leaves than in sun acclimated leaves in both species. On the other hand, when comparisons were made on a per area basis, Chl a concentrations were greater in the sun than in shade leaves of tonka bean. In contrast, Chl b concentrations were higher in the shade environment for this species. No differences were observed in Chl concentrations per unit area in mahogany leaves. Carotenoid concentrations were higher for sun-acclimated leaves of mahogany, both on a per unit area and on a fresh mass basis. In tonka bean, higher carotenoid concentrations in shade leaves were only observed on a fresh weight basis. No differences were found between environments when carotenoid concentrations were expressed as a function of leaf area. Fluorescence variables (Fo, Fm, and Fv) were greater in sun leaves than in shade leaves of mahogany. In contrast, Fv and Fm, but not Fo, values were higher in shade acclimated leaves than in full sunlight-adapted leaves of tonka bean. However, there was a higher Fv/Fm ratio value for tonka bean in sunlight environments. We conclude that these species, classified as mid and late successional species, differ markedly regarding the utilization of photosynthetic pigments, increasing either light harvesting efficiency at low irradiance or protection against photosynthetic machinery damage in higher solar radiation environments.

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LEAVES AREA AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF DOMINANT PLANTS OF RURAL PASTURES IN THE STEPPE BELT OF MOUNT ARAGATS IN ARMENIA

Niva Povolzhya ◽

10.36461/np.2020.56.3.016 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Т.А. Саргсян ◽

М.А. Навасардян ◽

Б.Х. Межунц

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Individual Species ◽

Hordeum Bulbosum ◽

Artemisia Absinthium ◽

Aegilops Cylindrica ◽

Tanacetum Vulgare ◽

Steppe Belt ◽

Agropyron Repens

В статье обобщены результаты исследований ассимиляционной поверхности и содержания фотосинтетических пигментов в листьях растений основных луговых групп юго-западного склона горы Арагац (1300-1900 м н.у.м.). Данные территории находятся под сильным воздействием экологических и антропогенных факторов, отличаются низкой продуктивностью, следовательно, нуждаются в коренном улучшении. В рамках настоящей работы была поставлена задача создать базу экспериментальных данных по биологическим параметрам, ответственным за формирование урожая. Объектами исследований были следующие виды злаковых – Коленница (Aegilops cylindrica), Костер (Bromus tectorium), Мятлик (Poa bulbosa), Пырей (Agropyron repens), Ячмень (Hordeum bulbosum), бобовых – Эспарцет (Onobrychis radiata), Клевер (Trifolium pratense), Вика (Vicia variabilis), Люцерна (Medicago sativa) и разнотравных растений – Молочай (Euphorbia virgata), Пижма (Tanacetum vulgare), Скабиоза (Scabiosa bipinnata), Котовник (Nepeta Мussini), Тысячелистник (Achillea millefolium), Полынь (Artemisia absinthium). Площадь листьев определялась весовым методом, экстракция пигментов проводилась с помощью диметилсульфоксида, а измерение их содержания – на спектрофотометре СФ-16. Выявлен широкий диапазон колебаний площади листьев у индивидуальных видов (0,9-11,5), тогда как разница между луговыми группами была незначительной (4,0-5,9 дм2/растение). Сумма пигментов в листьях разнотравных растений на 22 % была меньше, чем у злаковых и бобовых, а соотношение хлорофиллов А и Б колебалось в пределах 1,8-3,5. Таким образом, на исследуемых кормовых угодьях максимальные размеры площади листьев обнаружены у многолетних злаковых, сумма пигментов и хлорофилл А – бобовых, а хлорофилл Б – разнотравных растений. The article summarizes the scientific results on the assimilation surface and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of plants in the main meadow groups of the southwestern slope of Mount Aragats (1300-1900 m above sea level). Under the strong influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors these territories are characterized by low productivity, therefore, they need efficient improvement. Within the framework of this scientific article, the task was set to create a database of experimental data on biological parameters responsible for the yield farming. The objects of the current research were the following types of cereals – Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica), Cheat grass (Bromus tectorium), Bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), Wheatgrass (Agropyron repens), Barley (Hordeum bulbosum), legumes – Sainfoins (Onobrychis radiata), Clover (Trifolium pratenium), Cow vetch (Vicia variabilis), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and herbs – Leafy spurge (Euphorbia virgata), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Scabiosa (Scabiosa bipinnata), Catnip (Nepeta Mussini), Yarrow (Achillea milleteminium), Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). The leaf area was determined by the gravimetric method, pigment extraction was carried out using dimethyl sulfoxide, and their content was measured on an SF-16 spectrophotometer. A wide range of fluctuations in the leaf area in individual species was revealed (0.9-11.5), while the difference between meadow groups was insignificant (4.0-5.9 dm2/plant). The amount of pigments in the leaves of herbs was 22% less than that in cereals and legumes, and the ratio of chlorophylls A and B varied within 1.8-3.5. Thus, on the studied foraging grounds, the maximum leaf area was found in perennial cereals, the sum of pigments and chlorophyll A – in legumes, and chlorophyll B – in herbs. leaves area, photosynthetic pigments, wild plants, natural pastures, steppe belt

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Effect of Crude Oil Concentrations on Growth and Photosynthetic Pigments of Helianthus Annus Bio-Augmented with Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology ◽

10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss3.2020.474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 39-48

Author(s):

Samreen Ali ◽

Sarwat Ismail ◽

Shahnaz Dawar ◽

S. Ghulam Musharraf ◽

Zulfiqar Mirani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Synergetic Effect ◽

Helianthus Annus ◽

Treated Plant

Bioremediation of soil contaminated with organic chemicals is a challenging problem in the environmental scenario. On the basis of identification of remediation capability of Helianthus annus (sunflower) assisted with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus luteus were used to investigate the soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (crude oil) at varying concentrations (25,50,75,100,125, &150ml/ kg of soil) in a pot experiment carried out in a green house. According to both qualitative and quantitative analysis of parameters including plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf area and photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid indicated that H.annus showed peculiar tolerance to the higher concentration of crude oil concentration in the soil containing both micrococcus and pseudomonas (MP) (combined) consortium showing positive synergetic effect on H.annus in remediating the petroleum hydrocarbons at all concentrations more significantly at higher concentration of crude oil (150ml/kg) of soil. The results show significant increase in growth of (both Micrococcus and Pseudomonas) MP treated plant as compare to control plants; in control the leaf area 18.716 ± 1.256, stem girth 3.40±0.10 and plant height 90.72±4.062 whereas in MP treated plant leaf area 19.65 ±0.292, stem girth 3.580 ±0.048, height 98.20±3.852 respectively. On the whole Helianthus anuus is commercial oil yielding crop that can be effectively applied to phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons assisted with Micrococcus and Pseudomonas is a significant treatment for remediating the soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon.

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Variability of anatomical-physiological traits in black locust clones - Robinia pseudoacacia L

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0416065o ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 65-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sasa Orlovic ◽

Slobodanka Pajevic ◽

Borivoj Krstic ◽

Ljiljana Merkulov ◽

Natasa Nikolic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Vascular Bundle ◽

Black Locust ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Photosynthetic Production ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽

Main Vein ◽

Selection Of

Variability within R. pseudoacacia species represents an important factor in selection of fast-growing genotypes. Therefore, it is important to identify superior individuals according to their anatomical and physiological traits. This paper presents the results of a study of genotype variability of the main leaf anatomical (frequency, length and width of stomata, leaflet thickness among veins, leaflet thickness on the main vein, mesophyll thickness, length and width of vascular bundle of main vein) and physiological (leaf area, photosynthetic pigments content and content of N P, K, Ca, Na) parameters among five clones of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Significant interclonal variations were observed in the investigated parameters. Clone R-56 had the highest N, P, and K concentrations, the largest mesophyll volume and the highest pigment concentration. We concluded that the clone R-56, although without a remarkable leaf area, possesses the ability for high photosynthetic production. The results are going to be used in further work on selection.

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Induction of wheat seedlings resistance of different ecotypes to the effect of a drought simulated by a colloidal solution of Cu2+ and Zn2+ nanoparticles

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Biology ◽

10.17721/1728_2748.2018.76.79-84 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

V. Storozhenko ◽

N. Svietlova ◽

M. Kovalenko ◽

L. Batsmanova ◽

N. Taran

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Colloidal Solution ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Sand Culture ◽

Colloid Solution ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Simulated Drought

The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of colloidal solution of Cu2+ and Zn2+ nanoparticles on the pro/antioxidant balance, the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids), the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the morphometric parameters (relative leaf water content, leaf area) of winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. varieties Acveduc (steppe ecotype, resistant to drought) and Stolichna (forest-steppe ecotype, sensitive to drought) under conditions of simulated drought. The drought was created by stopping of watering on the 8th day after emergence and maintaining the soil moisture at 30 % of the total moisture capacity for 3 days. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Cu2+ and Zn2+ nanoparticles was carried out by soaking of seeds in experimental solution (1 part of the mother colloid solution: 100 parts of water) for 4 hours. The control variant was soaked in distilled water. Then the seeds were washed and planted in a sand culture. The varietal specificity of the influence of a colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles on seedlings of the Acveduc and Stolichna varieties was revealed. Presowing treatment of seeds with Cu2+ and Zn2+ nanoparticles led to significant changes in the pro/antioxidant balance in leaves of seedlings, reducing the level of accumulation of TBARS, increasing the activity of key antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), stabilizing the content of photosynthetic pigments, increasing the relative water content in leaves and leaf area under simulated drought conditions. In general, under drought conditions, presowing of seed treatment with a colloidal solution of nanoparticles had a positive effect on the proantioxidant balance of plants and the morphometric parameters of leaves to a greater extent in seedlings of the steppe ecotype variety (Acveduc) and less in seedlings of the forest-steppe ecotype variety (Stolichna).

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Variability of leaf characteristics in different pedunculate oak genotypes (Ouercus robur L)

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0611095n ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 95-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Natasa Nikolic ◽

Borivoj Krstic ◽

Slobodanka Pajevic ◽

Sasa Orlovic

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Seed Orchard ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Leaf Characteristics ◽

Clonal Seed Orchard ◽

Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

The objective of this study was to determine genotype influences on pedunculate oak's leaf traits: leaf area, specific leaf area (leaf area per unit of leaf mass), concentration of photosynthetic pigments, rates of photosynthesis and respiration, and nutrient concentrations (nitrogen phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium). Leaf samples were taken from seventeen Q. robur genotypes originating from clonal seed orchard Banov Brod (Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia). Leaf area of the studied genotypes ranged from 248.4 to 628.8 cm2, SLA from 109.4 to 160.7 cm2 dry matter-1, rates of photosynthesis and respiration from 6.98 to 20.32 and from 6.73 to 14.65 ?mol O2 m-2 s-1, respectively. The leaves of genotype 35 contained the highest concentration of photosynthetic pigments, while the lowest were recorded in genotype 29. The following pattern of nutrient concentrations was obtained for the studied genotypes: N>Ca>K>P>Na. Genotype variability of P K, Ca, and Na concentrations was more pronounced when compared with nitrogen. Estimated quantitative differences are the consequence of interaction of certain genotype and common environmental conditions for all trees. These results will provide information on intraspecific variation of the studied leaf characteristics.

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