scholarly journals How to measure and manage the soil effect in terroir expression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis Van Leeuwen ◽  
Jean-Philippe Roby ◽  
Laure De Rességuier
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Local Soil Conditions ◽  
Measurable Factors ◽  
Do So

Terroir relates the taste of wine to the place where it was produced. It involves the influence of climate, soil, cultivar and viticultural practices. Huge progression has been achieved over the past years in the understanding of how the soil can shape the quality and the style of a wine. To do so, the soil effect needs to be broken into measurable factors. Once these are quantified by appropriate approaches, terroir can be mapped and managed. By fine-tuning the choice of plant material (rootstock and variety) and viticultural techniques to local soil conditions, it is possible to optimize terroir expression.

Modification of seismograph records for effects of local soil conditions

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1649-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schnabel ◽  
H. Bolton Seed ◽  
J. Lysmer
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Soil Deposits ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Local Soil Conditions ◽  
Good Agreement

abstract A procedure for modifying the time histories of seismic records for the effect of local soil conditions is presented. The method is based on a conventional one-dimensional wave-propagation approach with equivalent linear soil properties, extended to practical use for transient motions through the Fast Fourier technique. The validity of the approach is tested against the motions recorded at four soil sites and one rock site during the 1957 San Francisco earthquake. The good agreement between the computed and recorded values indicates that rock motions can be computed from motions recorded on soil deposits, and that the computed rock motions in turn can be used to predict the motion that would have been recorded under different soil and geological conditions. The method is also used to evaluate the probable rock motions in the vicinity of El Centro in the earthquake of 1940 and the ground surface motions that could have been developed on various soil conditions in the same general area.

scholarly journals Permafrost Thaw with Thermokarst Wetland-Lake and Societal-Health Risks: Dependence on Local Soil Conditions under Large-Scale Warming

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Olof Selroos ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Patrik Vidstrand ◽  
Georgia Destouni
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Local Soil Conditions ◽  
Mineral Soils

A key question for the evolution of thermokarst wetlands and lakes in Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost regions is how large-scale warming interacts with local landscape conditions in driving permafrost thaw and its spatial variability. To answer this question, which also relates to risks for ecology, society, and health, we perform systematic model simulations of various soil-permafrost cases combined with different surface-warming trends. Results show that both the prevalence and the thaw of permafrost depended strongly on local soil conditions and varied greatly with these for the same temperature conditions at the surface. Greater ice contents and depth extents, but also greater subsurface volumes thawing at depth under warming, are found for peat soils than other studied soil/rock formations. As such, more thaw-driven regime shifts in wetland/lake ecosystems, and associated releases of previously frozen carbon and pathogens, may be expected under the same surface warming for peatlands than other soil conditions. Such risks may also increase in fast permafrost thaw in mineral soils, with only small thaw-protection effects indicated in the present simulations for possible desertification enhancement of mineral soil covers.

Analysis of Earthing System Cabinet of Telekom Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 1249-1256
Author(s):  
David Caulker ◽  
Mohd Annuar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Current Injection ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Local Soil Conditions ◽  
Earthing Systems ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the impact on the earthing systems of cabinets of Telekom Malaysia (TM) when subjected to dangerous voltages due to current injection from remote sources. TM have received numerous cases regarding the failures of their cabinets due to power related issues (PRI) as well as lightning. These failures may have occurred partly due to the existing earthing systems installations. This research aims to determine earthing impedance of 5 ohms or less of TM cabinets with respect to local soil conditions. Low impedance earthing is not easy to realize mainly due to the local soil resistivity, layering and structures. To achieve a low impedance of below 5 ohms as per Telekom Malaysia's requirement, three types of earthing electrodes were modelled and simulated using CDEGS computer simulation software. Results have demonstrated that the existing earthing system of 3 rods practice by TM is sufficient for areas of resistivity less than 500ٹ-m. Combination of rectangular and vertical rods for resistivity of 500ٹ-m above is the preferred choice of earthing. Analysis and discussions presented in this study can be used as a guide for TM for their cabinet installations. Results also highlighted that achieving less than 5ٹ does not constitute a safe earthing system. Other parameters have to be taken into account before ascertain which type of earthing to be used in a specific location of a TM installation.

scholarly journals Woody plants constructing tundra soils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kemppinen ◽  
Pekka Niittynen ◽  
Anna-Maria Virkkala ◽  
Konsta Happonen ◽  
Henri Riihimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Local Soil Conditions

AbstractIn tundra, woody plants are expanding towards higher latitudes and altitudes due to increasingly favourable climatic conditions. Their expansion may also occur through increases in the coverage and height of the plants. These shifts may cascade further across the ecosystem, such as in the foundations of tundra: that is, in the soils. Yet, little is known about the effects woody plants have on local soil conditions. Here, we examined if the coverage and height of woody plants affect the growing-season soil moisture and temperature as well as soil organic carbon stocks. We carried out a field observation study in a dwarf shrub–dominated tundra and built a hierarchical model. We found that, after controlling for other possible factors influencing woody plants and soil conditions (namely, topography, snow, and the overall plant coverage), the coverage of woody plants inversely correlated with all three soil conditions. Yet, we found no link between the woody plant height to the soil variables. This indicates that woody plants affect local soil conditions in various ways, depending upon whether their expansion occurs though the growth of coverage or their height. Nevertheless, woody plants likely alter the very ground of the entire tundra system and feedback into the global climate system through the water, energy, and carbon cycles of tundra.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Iron-Deficient and -Toxic Soil Conditions in Rice

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anumalla Mahender ◽  
B. Swamy ◽  
Annamalai Anandan ◽  
Jauhar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Uptake And Transport

Iron (Fe) deficiency and toxicity are the most widely prevalent soil-related micronutrient disorders in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Progress in rice cultivars with improved tolerance has been hampered by a poor understanding of Fe availability in the soil, the transportation mechanism, and associated genetic factors for the tolerance of Fe toxicity soil (FTS) or Fe deficiency soil (FDS) conditions. In the past, through conventional breeding approaches, rice varieties were developed especially suitable for low- and high-pH soils, which indirectly helped the varieties to tolerate FTS and FDS conditions. Rice-Fe interactions in the external environment of soil, internal homeostasis, and transportation have been studied extensively in the past few decades. However, the molecular and physiological mechanisms of Fe uptake and transport need to be characterized in response to the tolerance of morpho-physiological traits under Fe-toxic and -deficient soil conditions, and these traits need to be well integrated into breeding programs. A deeper understanding of the several factors that influence Fe absorption, uptake, and transport from soil to root and above-ground organs under FDS and FTS is needed to develop tolerant rice cultivars with improved grain yield. Therefore, the objective of this review paper is to congregate the different phenotypic screening methodologies for prospecting tolerant rice varieties and their responsible genetic traits, and Fe homeostasis related to all the known quantitative trait loci (QTLs), genes, and transporters, which could offer enormous information to rice breeders and biotechnologists to develop rice cultivars tolerant of Fe toxicity or deficiency. The mechanism of Fe regulation and transport from soil to grain needs to be understood in a systematic manner along with the cascade of metabolomics steps that are involved in the development of rice varieties tolerant of FTS and FDS. Therefore, the integration of breeding with advanced genome sequencing and omics technologies allows for the fine-tuning of tolerant genotypes on the basis of molecular genetics, and the further identification of novel genes and transporters that are related to Fe regulation from FTS and FDS conditions is incredibly important to achieve further success in this aspect.

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