Methodological aspects and experimental conditions in the use of fluorescence as an index of water stress in cut leaves from genus Vitis

OENO One ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Francesco Iacono ◽  
Massimo Bertamini ◽  
Tardáguila Javier
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Variable Fluorescence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Cut Leaves

<p style="text-align: justify;">Fluorescence emission is linked to leaf physiological conditions. In particular water stress modifies emission curves strongly. But fluorescence is also influenced by some factors which usually arise in experimental vine breeding programmes. The present research studies some variables that usually characterize the trials on genus <em>Vitis</em>: rootstocks and graftings.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The time of measurement is very important and the fluorescence variables (absolute value) are not correlated with leaf water content. It needs a standardisation by time. The gross relation between fluorescence (after standardisation) and RWC is significant but it is modified by the rootstock behaviour. The Variable Fluorescence is strongly linked to leaf water content, even though the Maximum rate of Fluorescence Quenching shows a variable correlation with decreasing RWC. The genotype controls that variable better than Variable Fluorescence.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resistance of Winter Wheat to Fusarium acuminatum by Inoculation of Seedling Roots with Single, Germinated Macroconidia

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mergoum ◽  
J. P. Hill ◽  
J. S. Quick
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fusarium Acuminatum ◽  
Seedling Roots

Fusarium acuminatum is one of the causal agents of dryland root rot of winter wheat in Colorado. The effect of F. acuminatum seedling root infection, recorded at heading, on winter wheat cultivars Sandy and CO84 was investigated in the greenhouse. Winter wheat seeds were surface disinfested, germinated, and vernalized. Vernalized seedling roots were inoculated by placing a single, germinated macroconidium of F. acuminatum on the largest root. Inoculated and non-inoculated vernalized seedlings were transplanted to pots and half the plants subjected to water stress. Inoculated plants had significantly lower survival rates and, at maturity, lower relative leaf water content, fewer tillers, shorter plant height, and higher cell ion leakage than non-inoculated plants. Wheat cultivars differed significantly for most traits studied. CO84 was susceptible whereas Sandy was more tolerant of the pathogen, particularly under water stress conditions. These results suggest that relative leaf water content, cell ion leakage, and to some extent seedling survival may be useful attributes for evaluation of resistance to the root rot pathogen.

scholarly journals Isotopic and Water Relation Responses to Ozone and Water Stress in Seedlings of Three Oak Species with Different Adaptation Strategies

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Claudia Cocozza ◽  
Elena Paoletti ◽  
Tanja Mrak ◽  
Saša Zavadlav ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The Impact

The impact of global changes on forest ecosystem processes is based on the species-specific responses of trees to the combined effect of multiple stressors and the capacity of each species to acclimate and cope with the environment modification. Combined environmental constraints can severely affect plant and ecological processes involved in plant functionality. This study provides novel insights into the impact of a simultaneous pairing of abiotic stresses (i.e., water and ozone (O3) stress) on the responses of oak species. Water stress (using 40 and 100% of soil water content at field capacity—WS and WW treatments, respectively) and O3 exposure (1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 times the ambient concentration—AA, 1.2AA, and 1.4AA, respectively) were carried out on Quercus robur L., Quercus ilex L., and Quercus pubescens Willd. seedlings, to study physiological traits (1. isotope signature [δ13C, δ18O and δ15N], 2. water relation [leaf water potential, leaf water content], 3. leaf gas exchange [light-saturated net photosynthesis, Asat, and stomatal conductance, gs]) for adaptation strategies in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment. Ozone decreased Asat in Q. robur and Q. pubescens while water stress decreased it in all three oak species. Ozone did not affect δ13C, whereas δ18O was influenced by O3 especially in Q. robur. This may reflect a reduction of gs with the concomitant reduction in photosynthetic capacity. However, the effect of elevated O3 on leaf gas exchange as indicated by the combined analysis of stable isotopes was much lower than that of water stress. Water stress was detectable by δ13C and by δ18O in all three oak species, while δ15N did not define plant response to stress conditions in any species. The δ13C signal was correlated to leaf water content (LWC) in Q. robur and Q. ilex, showing isohydric and anisohydric strategy, respectively, at increasing stress intensity (low value of LWC). No interactive effect of water stress and O3 exposure on the isotopic responses was found, suggesting no cross-protection on seasonal carbon assimilation independently on the species adaptation strategy.

scholarly journals Respons tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) terhadap cekaman kekeringan Respons of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) to water stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS ◽  
Gede WIJANA ◽  
Edi GUHARJA ◽  
Hajrial ASWIDINNOOR ◽  
Sudirman YAHYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Aba Content

SummaryWater stress affect many physiological andbiochemical processes of oil palm. A series ofexperiments were conducted to characterize thewater stress-induced changes in physiologicalrespons of oil palm to water stress, in glass housecondition. The experiment consisted of (1)permanent leaf wilting point measured based onsoil water content, leaf water content, specificleaf area and leaf water potential . Plants wereconducted by termination of watering to theplants, and control plants were maintained wellwatered during 0,3,6,9,12,15,18 and 21 days ofMK356 and MK365 clones. Experiment (2)effect of water stress on changes of leaf waterpotential, protein bands pattern, proline,glycine-betaine, osmotical sugar, and abcisicacid (ABA) of MK356 and MK365 clones.Water stress was induced by termination ofwatering to the plants and maintained wellwatered during 0, 7,14, and 18 days.Experiment (3) changes of protein bands patternby total protein and electrophoresis SDS-PAGEand SDS-PAGE 2D protein. of H2(D10DxD8D)x(L9TxL2T); H12 (D8D Self) x(L9T x L2T). H3 and H9 (BJ028D x BJ2117P)hybrids. H2 and H12, H3 and H9 potentiallytolerant and untolerant to water stress,respectively. The results showed that permanentwilting point reached in 18 days of water stress.Water stress caused the decreased soil watercontent, leaf water potential, leaf water content,relative leaf water content , and relative leafarea of two clones. Water potential, leaf watecontent dan relative leaf water content ofMK365 decrease faster compare with MK356.Soil water content sharply decrease after 6 hoursand in 18 days of water stress leaf waterpotential value < - 2.55 Mpa. Proline, glycine-betaine and glucose content were affect by waterstress. Interaction among water stress and cloneswere significantly appear in stachiose content.Leaf water potential values decrease, whereasproline, ABA and glycine-betaine contentsincrease during water stress especially inMK356. Generally showed that ABA content inMK356 higher than MK 365. The differencesresponses of MK356 with MK 365 obtained fromprolin,xylose and ABA content. Induction of newprotein pI 4.7-36 kDa, pI5.3-34 kDa, pI 4.6-32kDa and pI 5.3-36 kDa obtained from hybridspotentially tolerant to water strees, none inuntolerant hybrids.RingkasanCekaman kekeringan mempengaruhiproses fisiologis dan biokimia tanaman kelapasawit. Serangkaian percobaan bertujuan untukmengkarakterisasi perubahan fisiologis tanamankelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan,dalam kondisi rumah kaca telah dilakukan.Percobaan terdiri atas (1) penetapan titik layupermanen, berdasarkan perubahan potensial airdaun, kadar air daun, kadar air daun relatif, danluas daun relatif dengan perlakuan tanpa dandengan penyiraman selama 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18dan 21 hari. Percobaan (2) penetapan perubahankadar prolin, glisin-betain, gula-gula osmotikaldan asam absisik (ABA), terhadap cekamankekeringan. Perlakuan adalah tanpa dan denganpenyiraman selama 0, 7, 14, dan 18 hari.Percobaan (3) analisis perubahan pola pita proteindaun hibrida H2 (D10DxD8D)x(L9TxL2T); H12(D8D Self) x (L9T x L2T). H3 dan H9 (BJ028Dx BJ2117P) terhadap cekaman kekeringan dengantotal protein, dan pola pita protein dengan SDSPAGE dan SDS-PAGE 2D. H2 dan H12 serta H3dan H9 masing-masing berpotensi toleran danpeka terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa titik layupermanen dicapai pada hari ke 18 setelah dibericekaman kekeringan. Cekaman kekeringanmenurunkan kadar air tanah media tumbuh,potensial air daun, kadar air daun, kadar air daunrelatif, dan luas daun relatif untuk kedua klon.Potensial air daun, kadar air daun dan kadar airdaun relatif klon MK365 menurun lebih cepatdibandingkan dengan klon MK356. Kadar airtanah menurun tajam setelah 6 hari dibericekaman air dan potensial air daun mencapai<-2.55 MPa pada 18 hari setelah diberi cekaman.Cekaman kekeringan nyata berpengaruh terhadapkadar prolin, glisin betain dan glukosa. Interaksiantar lama cekaman kekeringan dan perbedaanklon diperoleh pada perubahan gula stahiosa.Tampak bahwa semakin menurun nilai potensialair daun menyebabkan kadar prolin semakinmeningkat. Hal yang sebaliknya terjadi terhadapkadar glisin-betain yang mengalami penurunanterutama untuk klon MK356. Kadar ABAMK356 dan MK365 meningkat sejalan dengansemakin lama diberi cekaman. Secara umumtampak bahwa kadar ABA pada MK356 lebihtinggi dibandingkan dengan MK 365. Perbedaanrespons klon MK356 dengan MK 365 terjadipada kadar prolin, gula silosa dan ABA.Hibridaberpotensi toleran memberikan respon terhadapcekaman kekeringan dengan menginduksi proteinbaru pI 4,7-36 kDa, pI5,3-34 kDa, pI 4,6-32 kDadan pI 5,3- 36 kDa, sedangkan pada hibridayang berpotensi peka protein tersebut tidakditemukan

scholarly journals Respons tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) terhadap cekaman kekeringan Respons of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) to water stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS ◽  
Gede WIJANA ◽  
Edi GUHARJA ◽  
Hajrial ASWIDINNOOR ◽  
Sudirman YAHYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Aba Content

SummaryWater stress affect many physiological andbiochemical processes of oil palm. A series ofexperiments were conducted to characterize thewater stress-induced changes in physiologicalrespons of oil palm to water stress, in glass housecondition. The experiment consisted of (1)permanent leaf wilting point measured based onsoil water content, leaf water content, specificleaf area and leaf water potential . Plants wereconducted by termination of watering to theplants, and control plants were maintained wellwatered during 0,3,6,9,12,15,18 and 21 days ofMK356 and MK365 clones. Experiment (2)effect of water stress on changes of leaf waterpotential, protein bands pattern, proline,glycine-betaine, osmotical sugar, and abcisicacid (ABA) of MK356 and MK365 clones.Water stress was induced by termination ofwatering to the plants and maintained wellwatered during 0, 7,14, and 18 days.Experiment (3) changes of protein bands patternby total protein and electrophoresis SDS-PAGEand SDS-PAGE 2D protein. of H2(D10DxD8D)x(L9TxL2T); H12 (D8D Self) x(L9T x L2T). H3 and H9 (BJ028D x BJ2117P)hybrids. H2 and H12, H3 and H9 potentiallytolerant and untolerant to water stress,respectively. The results showed that permanentwilting point reached in 18 days of water stress.Water stress caused the decreased soil watercontent, leaf water potential, leaf water content,relative leaf water content , and relative leafarea of two clones. Water potential, leaf watecontent dan relative leaf water content ofMK365 decrease faster compare with MK356.Soil water content sharply decrease after 6 hoursand in 18 days of water stress leaf waterpotential value < - 2.55 Mpa. Proline, glycine-betaine and glucose content were affect by waterstress. Interaction among water stress and cloneswere significantly appear in stachiose content.Leaf water potential values decrease, whereasproline, ABA and glycine-betaine contentsincrease during water stress especially inMK356. Generally showed that ABA content inMK356 higher than MK 365. The differencesresponses of MK356 with MK 365 obtained fromprolin,xylose and ABA content. Induction of newprotein pI 4.7-36 kDa, pI5.3-34 kDa, pI 4.6-32kDa and pI 5.3-36 kDa obtained from hybridspotentially tolerant to water strees, none inuntolerant hybrids.RingkasanCekaman kekeringan mempengaruhiproses fisiologis dan biokimia tanaman kelapasawit. Serangkaian percobaan bertujuan untukmengkarakterisasi perubahan fisiologis tanamankelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan,dalam kondisi rumah kaca telah dilakukan.Percobaan terdiri atas (1) penetapan titik layupermanen, berdasarkan perubahan potensial airdaun, kadar air daun, kadar air daun relatif, danluas daun relatif dengan perlakuan tanpa dandengan penyiraman selama 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18dan 21 hari. Percobaan (2) penetapan perubahankadar prolin, glisin-betain, gula-gula osmotikaldan asam absisik (ABA), terhadap cekamankekeringan. Perlakuan adalah tanpa dan denganpenyiraman selama 0, 7, 14, dan 18 hari.Percobaan (3) analisis perubahan pola pita proteindaun hibrida H2 (D10DxD8D)x(L9TxL2T); H12(D8D Self) x (L9T x L2T). H3 dan H9 (BJ028Dx BJ2117P) terhadap cekaman kekeringan dengantotal protein, dan pola pita protein dengan SDSPAGE dan SDS-PAGE 2D. H2 dan H12 serta H3dan H9 masing-masing berpotensi toleran danpeka terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa titik layupermanen dicapai pada hari ke 18 setelah dibericekaman kekeringan. Cekaman kekeringanmenurunkan kadar air tanah media tumbuh,potensial air daun, kadar air daun, kadar air daunrelatif, dan luas daun relatif untuk kedua klon.Potensial air daun, kadar air daun dan kadar airdaun relatif klon MK365 menurun lebih cepatdibandingkan dengan klon MK356. Kadar airtanah menurun tajam setelah 6 hari dibericekaman air dan potensial air daun mencapai<-2.55 MPa pada 18 hari setelah diberi cekaman.Cekaman kekeringan nyata berpengaruh terhadapkadar prolin, glisin betain dan glukosa. Interaksiantar lama cekaman kekeringan dan perbedaanklon diperoleh pada perubahan gula stahiosa.Tampak bahwa semakin menurun nilai potensialair daun menyebabkan kadar prolin semakinmeningkat. Hal yang sebaliknya terjadi terhadapkadar glisin-betain yang mengalami penurunanterutama untuk klon MK356. Kadar ABAMK356 dan MK365 meningkat sejalan dengansemakin lama diberi cekaman. Secara umumtampak bahwa kadar ABA pada MK356 lebihtinggi dibandingkan dengan MK 365. Perbedaanrespons klon MK356 dengan MK 365 terjadipada kadar prolin, gula silosa dan ABA.Hibridaberpotensi toleran memberikan respon terhadapcekaman kekeringan dengan menginduksi proteinbaru pI 4,7-36 kDa, pI5,3-34 kDa, pI 4,6-32 kDadan pI 5,3- 36 kDa, sedangkan pada hibridayang berpotensi peka protein tersebut tidakditemukan

Various responses of sunflower genotypes to water stress on newly reclaimed sandy soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
A. Salem ◽  
A. Omar ◽  
M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Water Regimes

Water stress is a severe limitation for crop growth especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, as it has a vital role in plant growth and development at all growth stages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differential responses of twelve sunflower genotypes to three levels of water supply and select the most suitable one for such conditions. Two field experiments were conducted under adequate (7140 m3/ha), moderate (4760 m3/ha) and severe (2380 m3/ha) water regimes to evaluate the chlorophyll index, transpiration rate, leaf water content, plant height, head diameter, seeds/head, 1000-seed weight, seed and oil yield of the genotypes. Moderate and severe levels of drought had a significant impact on the transpiration rate, leaf water content, yield-contributing characters and oil yield of all the sunflower genotypes. However, the sunflower genotypes showed different responses to the different water regimes. The highest seed and oil yields were attained in L990 and Giza 102 in the case of adequate water supplies, while L38 was the best under moderate and severe drought conditions. On the basis of the results, sunflower genotype L990 could be recommended for growing when adequate water supplies are available, and L38 under moderate and severe water regimes to obtain high seed and oil yields.

Plant Water Relation and Drought: Relationship Between Plant Water Potential and Relative Leaf Water Content in Different Tropical Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Kerman ◽  
Kinzie Bailey ◽  
Joost van Haren ◽  
Angelika Kübert ◽  
Kathrin Kühnhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Plant Water Potential

&lt;p&gt;As global average temperature continues to increase and precipitation events become less predictable, understanding the long-term effects of drought on ecosystems is of increasing importance. However, it is difficult to study phenomena such as drought due to their unpredictable nature and the fact that it is difficult to tag and track the movement of water and carbon through an entire ecosystem. Within the framework of the controlled ecosystem manipulation experiment (WALD- Water, Atmosphere and Life Dynamics) at Biosphere 2, a deliberate drought in the enclosed tropical rainforest biome presented a unique opportunity to study responses in carbon and water cycling due to water stress. Within the scope of this study, the goal of this project was to examine the effect of prolonged water stress on different species within the rainforest and understand how the plants coped with the stress on an ecosystem level. This was accomplished by weekly plant water potential measurements (WP) before, during, and after the drought, as well as leaf sampling for relative leaf water content (RWC) and xylem sampling for water isotope measurements. For both predawn and midday WP, we found significantly different species responses; for &lt;em&gt;Ceiba pentandra&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Pachira aquatica&lt;/em&gt;, WP did not decrease during the drought, while for&lt;em&gt; Hibiscus tiliaceus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Hibiscus rosa sinensis&lt;/em&gt;, WP decreased dramatically during the drought. After the additional of moisture from deeper depths, both &lt;em&gt;C. pentandra&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Hura crepitans&lt;/em&gt; (largest trees) responded the fastest by increasing in WP, while &lt;em&gt;H. tiliaceus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;H. rosa sinensis&lt;/em&gt; had the slowest recovery in WP, and only after rewetting from above had occurred. RWC also revealed different responses by different plant species, with &lt;em&gt;Phytolacca dioica&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;H. rosa sinensis&lt;/em&gt; showing the highest RWC values throughout the experiment. The relationship between RWC and WP was also not consistent among species, with half of the species exhibiting a positive relationship, while the other half exhibiting a negative relationship. Other factors such as trunk capacitance and or leaf shedding during the drought might explain some of these contrasting relationships. Establishing such associations could lead to the development of tools that remotely assess average leaf water content of an area of forest via spectral reflectance and use those data to approximate the water stress of plants in that area, a very valuable asset when dealing with such geographically extensive phenomena as drought.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Leaf water content estimation using top-of-canopy airborne hyperspectral data

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 102393
Author(s):  
Rahul Raj ◽  
Jeffrey P. Walker ◽  
Vishal Vinod ◽  
Rohit Pingale ◽  
Balaji Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content

scholarly journals Simulating Heat Stress of Coal Gangue Spontaneous Combustion on Vegetation Using Alfalfa Leaf Water Content Spectral Features as Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2634
Author(s):  
Qiyuan Wang ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Feifei Yang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Wu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Stress Assessment ◽  
First Derivative

Vegetation heat-stress assessment in the reclamation areas of coal gangue dumps is of great significance in controlling spontaneous combustion; through a temperature gradient experiment, we collected leaf spectra and water content data on alfalfa. We then obtained the optimal spectral features of appropriate leaf water content indicators through time series analysis, correlation analysis, and Lasso regression analysis. A spectral feature-based long short-term memory (SF-LSTM) model is proposed to estimate alfalfa’s heat stress level; the live fuel moisture content (LFMC) varies significantly with time and has high regularity. Correlation analysis of the raw spectrum, first-derivative spectrum, spectral reflectance indices, and leaf water content data shows that LFMC and spectral data were the most strongly correlated. Combined with Lasso regression analysis, the optimal spectral features were the first-derivative spectral value at 1661 nm (abbreviated as FDS (1661)), RVI (1525,1771), DVI (1412,740), and NDVI (1447,1803). When the classification strategies were divided into three categories and the time sequence length of the spectral features was set to five consecutive monitoring dates, the SF-LSTM model had the highest accuracy in estimating the heat stress level in alfalfa; the results provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for vegetation heat-stress assessment in coal gangue dump reclamation areas.

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