Soil management in relation to training system in a steep vineyard

<p style="text-align: justify;">In the North-West Italy, close spaced and low trunk vines are vertically trellised and Guyot pruned. In these conditions the permanent grass cover may compete with grapevine leaves and clusters for air and light, and with grapevine roots for water and nitrogen. In a « White Muscat » vineyard, grafted onto « 420A », the following soil management techniques were compared: a) permanent grass cover controlled by mowing; b) permanent grass cover controlled by foliar herbicides; c) no tillage using residual + foliar herbicides. The maximum soil cover was found on the grass cutting treatment. A good but reduced cover was obtained by the foliar herbicide used alone, stimulating the vine vigor, and giving more yields with higher total soluble solids concentration. The soil nitrifying microflora was less reduced by glufosinate-ammonium than by glyphosate. The grass cover was minimum using residual herbicides; as a consequence the erosion risk was enhanced, the soil total N and organic matter were reduced, yield and gray mold damages were increased.</p>

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Least limiting water range of Udox soil under degraded pastures on different sun-exposed faces

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2016-0066 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 393-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Renato Ribeiro Passos ◽

Liovando Marciano da Costa ◽

Igor Rodrigues de Assis ◽

Danilo Andrade Santos ◽

Hugo Alberto Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Management ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Soil Samples ◽

The South ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Pasture Degradation ◽

Least Limiting Water Range ◽

Degraded Pastures

AbstractThe efficient use of water is increasingly important and proper soil management, within the specificities of each region of the country, allows achieving greater efficiency. The South and Caparaó regions of Espírito Santo, Brazil are characterized by relief of ‘hill seas’ with differences in the degree of pasture degradation due to sun exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the least limiting water range in Udox soil under degraded pastures with two faces of exposure to the sun and three pedoenvironments. In each pedoenvironment, namely Alegre, Celina, and Café, two areas were selected, one with exposure on the North/West face and the other on the South/East face. In each of these areas, undisturbed soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth to determine the least limiting water range. The exposed face of the pasture that received the highest solar incidence (North/West) presented the lowest values in least limiting water range. The least limiting water range proved to be a physical quality indicator for Udox soil under degraded pastures.

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Childhood involvement in family food preparation and shopping and attitudes towards food: baseline results from Project Daire

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s002966512000419x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah F. Brennan ◽

Fiona Lavelle ◽

Sarah E. Moore ◽

Moira Dean ◽

Michelle C. McKinley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Schools ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Food Preparation ◽

Total N ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Food Shopping ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Food Involvement

AbstractEvidence suggests that dietary intake of UK children is currently suboptimal. It is therefore imperative to identify effective and sustainable methods of improving dietary habits and knowledge in this population, whilst also promoting the value of healthiness of food products beyond price. Schools are ideally placed to influence children's knowledge and health, and Project Daire, in partnership with schools, food industry partners and stakeholders, aims to improve children's knowledge of, and interest in, food to improve health, wellbeing and educational attainment.Daire is a randomised-controlled, factorial design trial evaluating two interventions. In total, n = 880 Key Stage (KS) 1 and 2 pupils have been recruited from 18 primary schools in the North West of Northern Ireland and will be randomised to one of four 6-month intervention arms: i) ‘Engage’, ii) ‘Nourish’, iii) ‘Engage’ and ‘Nourish’ and iv) Delayed. ‘Engage’ is an age-appropriate, cross-curricular educational intervention on food, agriculture, science and careers linked to the current curriculum. ‘Nourish’ is an intervention aiming to alter schools’ food environments and increase exposure to local foods. Study outcomes include food knowledge, attitudes, trust, diet, behaviour, health and wellbeing and will be collected at baseline and six months. Qualitative data on teacher/pupil opinions will also be collected. The intervention phase is currently ongoing. We present baseline results from our involvement and food attitudes measure from all participating schools. Results were compared by Key Stage and sex using Pearson Chi-Squared test.Baseline results from our food involvement and attitudes measure are presented for n = 880 KS1 (n = 454) and KS2 (n = 426) pupils. KS1 pupils were more likely to always or sometimes help with food shopping (89.0%) whilst KS2 pupils were more likely to always or sometimes help with food preparation (69.0%). A higher proportion of KS1 pupils reported liking to try new foods (66.1%) and that it was important that food looked (64.5%), tasted (71.1%) and smelled good (60.6%) compared with KS2 children (P < 0.01). Girls were more likely to always or sometimes help with food shopping (96.2%) and preparation (73%) when compared with boys; whilst a higher proportion of girls reported they liked to try new foods (48.2%) and that it was important that food looked (68%) smelled (50.5%) and tasted (71.8%) good compared with boys (P < 0.01).Results suggest that involvement in food preparation and shopping, willingness to try new foods and attitudes towards food presentation varied by KS and sex in this cohort.

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Nitrogen Partitioning in Apple Trees as Affected by Application Time

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.10.1.136 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 136-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Moreno Toselli ◽

Costanza Zavalloni ◽

Bruno Marangoni ◽

James A. Flore

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Partitioning ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Leaf Fall ◽

Mature Trees ◽

Total N ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

Application Timing ◽

N Supply ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

15Nitrogen-ammonium nitrate was applied to four `Mutsu' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees 40 days before harvest of 1996 (summer supplied nitrogen, SUN) and four others at full bloom in 1997 (spring supplied nitrogen, SPN) to evaluate the effect of application timing on N partitioning in mature trees. At leaf fall the largest amount of SUN was partitioned to roots and 2- to 4-year-old wood; the largest amount of SPN was partitioned to fruit and leaves and only a small amount detected in the roots. SUN did not increase N concentration in fruit or modify fruit firmness and soluble solids concentration, although it contributed to building up N reserves in the perennial woody organs. In 1997, as a result of the different timings of N supply, two sources of labeled N were distinguished and monitored in the vegetative organs: 1) the remobilized N, taken up in summer of 1996, stored in winter and then translocated to the growing tissues; 2) the newly absorbed N, taken up and moved to the canopy after the 1997 spring supply. Both fractions of remobilized and newly uptaken labeled N contributed to leaf and fruit N. Remobilized 15N was provided principally by roots which, from August to leaf fall, decreased their percentage of 15N by ≈18%, replacing the labeled with unlabeled N to maintain a constant concentration of total N.

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Response in Green and White Asparagus to Supplemental Nitrogen and Harvest Date

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.1.55 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 55-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.J. Makus

Keyword(s):

Mineral Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Residual Soil ◽

N Application ◽

Total N ◽

Application Timing ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

K Concentration

`Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), grown in an Enders silt loam mineral soil, was given 80 kg supplemental N/ha either before or after the harvest season. Neither N application timing affected spear yield, objective color, or pigment concentration. Early supplemental N application decreased K concentration in white spears and Ca concentration in green spears. Green asparagus contained higher total-N, K, P, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, and Cu concentrations but a lower soluble solids concentration (SSC) and NO3 than did white asparagus. As the cutting season progressed, spear SSC and S, Ca, NO3 (NO3 in white spears only), Zn, Mn, and Cu (Cu in white spears only) concentrations decreased, but spear K and Al (Al in white spears only) increased on a dry-weight basis. Fall residual soil NO3 levels were not affected by N application timing, but organic matter (percent) was lower in soil that received early supplemental N.

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Relationship among soil management, organic matter content and root development along the explorable soil profile in the vineyard

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20191304021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 04021

Author(s):

Alberto Vercesi ◽

Matteo Gatti ◽

Claudia Meisina ◽

Massimiliano Bordoni ◽

Michael Maerker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Root Development ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Management ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Grass Cover ◽

North West ◽

Natural Grass ◽

Low Levels

In the most ancient wine area of the Controlled Denomination of Origin (DOC) “Oltrepò Pavese” in North-West Italy, foothills of the Apennine mountains, the soils of 14 representative vineyards managed for about 10 years with tillage (T) or natural grass-cover (G) or the alternation of the two methods between the rows (GT), were compared for their contents of organic matter, main soil parameters and extent of root development, in the first meter of depth. The soils are fine textured, sometimes calcareous, with low levels of organic matter. G and GT soil treatments showed higher organic matter content (on average 1.4%) than T (0.88%). Better root development (number and area) was observed in G and GT, in comparison with T; the number and size of roots showed a positive correlation with the soil organic matter.

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NEITHER GREEN NOR WHITE ASPARAGUS SPEARS ARE AFFECTED BY SUPPLEMENTAL NITROGEN

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.732b ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 732b-732

Author(s):

D. J. Makus

Keyword(s):

Mineral Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Silt Loam ◽

N Application ◽

Total N ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

`Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), grown in an Enders silt loam mineral soil near Booneville, Ark., was given an application of 80 kg/ha of Supplemental nitrogen (N, as NH4N O3) either prior to or after the Cutting season in 1993. Neither N treatment affected spear objective Color, Pigments, soluble solids concentration (SSC), or yield. Supplemental N decreased spear Ca and K levels. Green asparagus had higher levels of total-N, K, S, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, and Cu, but lower levels of NO3 than did white asparagus. As the Cutting season progressed, spear SSC, S, Ca, NO3 (NO3 in White spears only), Zn, Mn, and Cu (Cu in white spears Only) levels decreased, While spear K and Al (Al in white spears only) increased on a dry weight basis. Fall residual soil NO3 levels were not affected by N application, but organic matter was lower in soil which received early supplemental N.

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SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157838 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

Daryl A. Cornish ◽

George L. Smit

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Limited Information ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Sem And Tem ◽

Sperm Development ◽

Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽

The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

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