scholarly journals Response of Egg Number to Selection of Different Genotypes of 24-bp Insertion-Deletion Locus in the Promoter of Prolactin Gene of Papua Local Chickens

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Muhammad Affan Mu'in ◽  
Sintje Lumatauw
Keyword(s):  
Selection Response ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Actual Response ◽  
Actual Selection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Generation ◽  
Local Chickens

This study aims to estimate the response of the number of eggs produced up to 240 days of age (EN240) to the selection of Papua local chickens (PLC) with different genotypes from the 24-bp Indel cPRLp locus. A total of 68 PLCs were taken randomly from several breeders in Manokwari as the basic population for selection (G0). Genotype identification of the 24-bp Indel cPRLp locus was performed G0. Based on the distribution of these genotypes, mating pairs were randomly formed G0-II, G0-DD and G0-ID to produce G1-II, G1-DD, and G1-Control (G0-ID offspring). Heritability of EN240 in G1-II and G1-DD populations were estimated in full-sib (single pairs mating). Individual selection based on breeding value EN240 was carried out on G1-II (♀) and G1-DD (♀) to form the selection generation (GS): GS-II (♀) and GS-DD (♀). Selection was also carried out on G1-II (♂) and G1-DD (♂) based on body weight at 240 days (BW240) to become selected GS-II (♀) and GS-DD (♀) mating partners. GS-Control was also formed through 25% random sampling from G1-Control (♂ and ♀). GS mating resulted in the second generation (G2): G2-II, G2-DD, and G2-Control. Age at first laying (AFL), EN240, and mean egg weight (EWA) in hens of G1, GS, and G2 were recorded. Response to selection for EN240 was calculated by two methods predicted selection response (Rp) and actual selection response (Rr). Both methods of calculation yield positive and high values. In actual response (Rr), PLC in II genotypes group are more responsive to the selection treatment than DD genotype group. Selection increase EN240 impact accelerate of AFL and lower the EWA, because of their negative genetic correlation.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals Heritabilitas Produki Telur Ayam Lokal Papua Berbeda Genotip dari Lokus 24- bp Insertion-Deletion dalam Promotor Gen Prolaktin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Muhammad Affan Mu'in ◽  
Sintje Lumatauw
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Genotype Group ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
The One ◽  
Additive Genes ◽  
Local Chickens

The heritability (h2) of a trait shows phenotypes variance of the trait caused by additive genetic variance. The h2 value is used to estimate the quantitative trait breeding value of livestock in order to improve these traits through selection. This study aims to estimate the h2 of egg production characteristics in Papua local chickens with different genotypes from the 24-bp InDel (Insertion-Deletion) locus in the prolactin gene promoter region (24-bp InDel/cPRLp locus). A total of 13 pairs of Papua local chickens consisting of 3 pairs of II genotypes (♂II x ♀II) and 11 female offspring, 5 pairs of ID genotypes (♂ID x ♂ID) and 19 female offspring, and 5 pairs of DD genotypes (DD x ♀DD) and 17 female offspring were used in this study. Observations were made on the characteristics of egg production in female offspring of each genotype group. The variance component for h2 estimation is obtained by the one-way analysis of variance method and the separation of the variance components for single pairs. The results showed that the h2 at first laying of eggs in all genotype groups was moderate (0.10 to 0.30); the h2 of the number of eggs produced from the time they first laid eggs until the age of 240 days in II and ID genotype groups was high (> 0.3), while in the DD genotype group was classified as moderate (0.10 to 0.30); and the h2 of egg weight in all genotype groups was moderate (0.10 to 0.30). The high h2 of a trait indicates that the trait is more dominated by additive genes and is more responsive to the selection treatment.

scholarly journals Response in Genotypic and Breeding Value to a Single Generation of Divergent Selection for Fresh Fruit Color in Strawberry

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas V. Shaw ◽  
Erik J. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genotypic Selection

Four sets of selected strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) genotypes were generated from within a single breeding population to evaluate the correspondence between predicted and realized selection response for fresh fruit color traits. Genotypes were selected for extreme phenotypes, dark or light, of either internal or external color value (CIELAB L*). Genotypic selection response was evaluated empirically by scoring fruit from the clonal derivatives of these selected genotypes, and response for breeding value was estimated by scoring the offspring of crosses performed among a subset of the genotypes within each selected set. Realized selection response was slightly larger than predicted for internal and external L* when calculated for selected genotypes. Also, more than half of the selected genotypes had genotypic values for L* outside the range of the original parents, providing evidence for transgressive segregation. Realized selection response for breeding value in exterior and interior color was slightly less than predicted. Compared in a different way, genotypic selection response for external color was significantly greater than selection response for breeding value, whereas genotypic and breeding value responses did not differ for internal color. These observations suggest the presence of some nonadditive genetic variance for external color but support the conclusion that the heritabilities predicted previously were reasonably accurate. Estimates of variance components within each of the offspring populations demonstrated that genetic variances were modified substantially by one generation of selection. Selection for dark fruit color reduced genetic variance to nonsignificant levels, with internal color more affected than external color. The total genetic variances within both of the offspring populations from parents selected for light color were changed little by one generation of selection, but substantial dominance variance was detected that had not been found in the original population. The rapid response to selection and large changes in the distribution of genetic variances may indicate the presence of a few genes with comparatively large effect in strawberry color expression. Additional divergent selection response can be expected, but primarily in the direction of light fruit color.

scholarly journals Signatures of Selection in Composite Vrindavani Cattle of India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akansha Singh ◽  
Arnav Mehrotra ◽  
Cedric Gondro ◽  
Andrea Renata da Silva Romero ◽  
Ashwni Kumar Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Extended Haplotype ◽  
Signatures Of Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Breed Selection ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractVrindavani is an Indian composite cattle breed developed by crossbreeding taurine dairy breeds with native indicine cattle in the 1960s. About 190,000 semen doses of Vrindavani bulls have been distributed to the farmers till date. The animals are under artificial and natural selection for higher milk production and adaptation to the tropical climate, respectively. However, the selection response for production and adaptation traits in the Vrindavani genome is not explored. In this study, we provide the first overview of the selection signatures in the Vrindavani genome. 96 Vrindavani cattle were genotyped using the BovineSNP50 BeadChip and the SNP genotype data of its constituent breeds were collected from a public database. Within-breed selection signatures in Vrindavani were investigated using the integrated haplotype score (iHS). Vrindavani was also compared to each of its parental breeds to discover between-population signatures of selection using two approaches, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and fixation index (FST). Selection of signature identifies 11 common region identified by more than one harbouring genes such as LRP1B, TNNI3K, APOB, CACNA2D1, FAM110B and SPATA17 associated with production and adaptation. Overall, our results suggested stronger selective pressure on regions responsible for adaptation compared to milk yield.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Response to Selection for Early Season Fruit Production in California Strawberry Seedling (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) Populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas V. Shaw ◽  
Kirk D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Opportunity For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The genetic opportunity for selection of early fruiting strawberry cultivars was evaluated using seedling populations from the Univ. of California (UC) breeding program in three years. Narrow-sense heritabilities for early season yield and for the proportion of an individual's total yield expressed early were moderate (h2 = 0.24-0.53) and broad-sense heritabilities were slightly larger (H2 = 0.31-0.70), suggesting the presence of some nonadditive genetic variance for these traits. These two traits were genetically correlated with each other (rg = 0.78-0.98), but only early yield was consistently genetically correlated with seasonal yield (rg = 0.52-0.82). Selection was performed for each trait using an index on full-sib family means and individual phenotypic values in two of the three years, and predicted response was compared with that obtained using vegetatively propagated runner plants from selected genotypes in the subsequent fruiting season. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) selection response was obtained in one of two years for each trait, and combined analysis demonstrated highly significant (P < 0.01) response for both traits. However, realized response over all traits and years was just 27.3% of that predicted based on the estimated heritabilities and applied selection intensities. These results suggest that selection for early yield should be based at least in part on runner plant evaluations rather than exclusively on seedling performance.

scholarly journals Modification of selection limits for egg number

1962 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Abplanalp
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Poultry Flock ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference

An attempt was made to modify a near-limit of selection response in the egg production of a closed poultry flock which had been under selection for 31 years; to this end the laying hens were subjected to weekly periods of 24-hour feed deprivation, and selected for egg number under these conditions.In two replicate populations genetic gains of about 20 eggs were made under shock treatment to 40 weeks of age, over 5 and 6 generations of selection. These gains were also manifest under normal management.Selection, under 24-hour starvation per week, also improved the ability of the selected populations to lay under weekly starvation periods of 33 and 48 hours respectively. Differences between selected and unselected lines increased with the more severe stress treatments. Also it was found that the difference in average egg production between 33-hour and 48-hour treatments was larger in unselected lines than in the selected ones, indicating the existence of genotype-environment interactions.Correlated responses of reduced egg-weight and body-weight, and somewhat earlier maturity of selected lines correspond with what might be expected under normally effective selection for egg number. These adaptations however varied considerably between replicate lines.

Identifying Measurement Invariant Item Sets in Cross-Cultural Settings Using an Automated Item Selection Procedure

Methodology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schultze ◽  
Michael Eid
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Ant System ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
Ant System Algorithm ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In the construction of scales intended for the use in cross-cultural studies, the selection of items needs to be guided not only by traditional criteria of item quality, but has to take information about the measurement invariance of the scale into account. We present an approach to automated item selection which depicts the process as a combinatorial optimization problem and aims at finding a scale which fulfils predefined target criteria – such as measurement invariance across cultures. The search for an optimal solution is performed using an adaptation of the [Formula: see text] Ant System algorithm. The approach is illustrated using an application to item selection for a personality scale assuming measurement invariance across multiple countries.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТАД СКОТА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО МОЛОЧНОЙ И МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. SIVKIN ◽  
N.V. STREKOZOV ◽  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Meat Type

В симментальской породе предусматривается разведение скота, сбалансировано сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность. Однако в практике совершенствования племенных стад в подборах быков доминируют улучшатели удоя, что во многом предопределяет результаты селекции и продуктивный тип животных. Объектом нашего исследования стало стадо чистопородного симментальского скота в условиях стойловой системы беспривязного и привязного содержания коров. Для изучения эффективности использования быков-производителей разного племенного достоинства сформировали 2 опытные группы: I состояла из бычков, полученных от отцов с племенной ценностью (ПЦ) по удою 100 кг и более, а во II с ПЦ от 0 до 100 кг молока. Симментальские бычки, отобранные для контрольного убоя, достигали весовых кондиций 500 кг и более в 17,5 мес при среднесуточном приросте 911 г. При использовании на маточном поголовье быков-производителей с улучшающим эффектом по удою 100 кг и более, их сыновья (I группа), на фоне более высоких суточных приростов (на 30 г) и раннем возрасте достижения живой массы 500 кг (на 18 дней) имели массу и выход туши на 21,4 кг и 2,7 ниже, чем у бычков II группы. При формировании молочно-мясного типа быки-производители с умеренной племенной ценностью по удою обеспечивали получение потомства, сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность в экономически значимых пропорциях.The Simmental breed provides for the breeding of cattle that combines milk and meat productivity in a balanced proportion. However, in the practice of improving breeding herds, the selection of bulls is dominated by milk yield improvers, which largely determines the results of selection and the productive type of animals. The object of our research was a breeding herd of purebred Simmental cattle in variety feeding and housing practices. To study the effectiveness of using bulls-producers of different breeding values, 2 experimental groups were formed: I consisted of bulls received from fathers with a breeding value (BV) of milk yield 100 kg or more, and II with a BV from 0 to 100 kg of milk. Simmental bulls selected for control slaughter reached weight standards of 500 kg or more in 17.5 months with an average daily increase of 911 g. When used on breeding of bulls with an improving effect on the yield of 100 kg or more, their sons (group I), against the background of higher daily gains (30 g) and an early age of reaching a live weight of 500 kg (18 days), had a mass and carcass yield of 21.4 kg and 2.7 lower than that of group II bulls. When forming a dairy-meat type, producing bulls with a moderate breeding value for milk yield provided for the production of offspring that combined dairy and meat productivity in economically significant proportions.

Evaluation of Large-Sunflower Lines of Sunflower on Quantitative Morphological Traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Turkish Origin ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Special Area ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Confectionery sunflower - a special area of use of sunflower, which requires the creation of marketable seeds quality features. One of the possible ways to create large-fruited sunflower is to create production hybrids and lines. Objective: to evaluate the created new large-fruited sunflower lines by a complex of morphological characters and determine the best lines for use as large-seeds hybrids as parent components or source material. In 2016-2019 years on the basis of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS a study was conducted to assess the economic characteristics of large-fruited sunflower lines. We studied a collection of 27 lines of large-seeds sources. The lines were created by direct selection or crossing and sampling: Reyny of Argentinean origin, Zaporizhzhya confectionery variety, confectionery hybrid with striped pericarp color of Israeli origin, white seed of Turkish origin, synthetic population - donor of complex resistance. To study from the collection, lines were drawn that went through at least 7 generations with selection for seed size. Experience has shown that the shortest growing season for lines 174d and KP11 was 99 days, and the longest for lines I2K670 was 109 days. In the studied collection, the greatest mass of 1000 seeds has the KP11-146.47g line, which is the mother component and does not have branching. The second by weight of 1000 seeds (109 g) stood out line 168v, which also had branches and pollen fertility restoration genes and will be used as the paternal form. The third largest is also one basket line ZKN51-100. The collection included lines originating from the same combination, but with a different morphotype for the presence and absence of branching. So, based on the combination of KP11 x Zaporizhzhya Confectionery, three lines were obtained. A mass of 1000 seeds was observed in 98-86 g, with the branching line having the largest mass of 1000 seeds. The lines created with one combination VK678 x ZKN32: with a branch 168a had a mass of 1000 seeds 95g, and a line 168b - without a branch 109 g. Of the two lines obtained from the descendants of the combination KP11 x the striped hybrid both had branches, but the seeds were much smaller (weight of 1000 seeds 59 and 79 g). The collection also studied samples created on the basis of varieties and populations 160c, 174, 175b, the mass of 1000 seeds of which turned out to be more acceptable for large-fruited use from 83 to 99 g. Summing up the results of studying the collection of newly created lines, we can highlight the lines 162d, 168v, 175b, KP11 that are potentially promising for use in hybrids. The selections showed that large-fruited lines can be obtained from large-fruited varieties, self-pollination of large-fruited hybrids and crossing lines with hybrids and varieties. Self-pollination and selection of large-fruited lines in several generations does not provide the necessary variability for positive changes in selections. The result of the selection by weight of 1000 seeds in the offspring from crosses and from populations creates opportunities for new large-seeds sunflower.

scholarly journals Regulating the Regulators: Mechanisms of Substrate Selection of the O-GlcNAc Cycling Enzymes OGT and OGA

Glycobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M Stephen ◽  
Trevor M Adams ◽  
Lance Wells
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Dynamic Modification ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Outstanding Question ◽  
Glcnac Transferase ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Partner Proteins ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Thousands of nuclear and cytosolic proteins are modified with a single β-N-acetylglucosamine on serine and threonine residues in mammals, a modification termed O-GlcNAc. This modification is essential for normal development and plays important roles in virtually all intracellular processes. Additionally, O-GlcNAc is involved in many disease states, including cancer, diabetes, and X-linked intellectual disability. Given the myriad of functions of the O-GlcNAc modification, it is therefore somewhat surprising that O-GlcNAc cycling is mediated by only two enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds O-GlcNAc, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes it. A significant outstanding question in the O-GlcNAc field is how do only two enzymes mediate such an abundant and dynamic modification. In this review, we explore the current understanding of mechanisms for substrate selection for the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes. These mechanisms include direct substrate interaction with specific domains of OGT or OGA, selection of interactors via partner proteins, posttranslational modification of OGT or OGA, nutrient sensing, and localization alteration. Altogether, current research paints a picture of an exquisitely regulated and complex system by which OGT and OGA select substrates. We also make recommendations for future work, toward the goal of identifying interaction mechanisms for specific substrates that may be able to be exploited for various research and medical treatment goals.

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