scholarly journals Study of the content of the main macronutrients in gluten-free crops and products of their processing

Author(s):  
S. A. Urubkov ◽  
S. S. Khovanskaya ◽  
S. O. Smirnov

The aim of this study was to obtain data on the quantitative ratio of the main nutrients in amaranth grain, as well as products of its processing (blasted grain and flour Krupchatki) in comparison with the more common in Russia gluten-free grain products, such as buckwheat and rice flour, corn and buckwheat. The review of Russian and foreign articles showed quite wide ranges of the content of the main nutrients in amaranth grain. As a result of the study, data on the content of the main macronutrients, i.e. protein, fat, digestible and non-digestible carbohydrates and ash content were obtained. The obtained data showed that the protein content in amaranth grain exceeds the content of this nutrient in buckwheat, as well as rice and corn flour. The total content of lipids in the exploded amaranth grain was 6.41% for dry matter, and surpassed the rest of the studied products in this indicator. The analysis showed a relatively high content of carbohydrates in all the studied products. The amaranth grain carbohydrates are made up 63,25% dry solids, which is lower than in other samples, where the values of this indicator ranged from 65,6 to 80.3% solids, the amount of indigestible carbohydrates in the grain amaranth is almost 2 times higher than this value in other samples. The results obtained in this study can be used in studies of gluten-free crops and products of their processing in the development of specialized gluten-free grain mixtures using amaranth for children's nutrition.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernaulli Putri Mulyanto ◽  
Yustina Wuri Wulandari ◽  
Akhmad Mustofa

      Brownies merupakan cake coklat yang terbuat dari tepung terigu, lemak, telur, gula pasir dan coklat. Metode pemasakan brownies ada dua yaitu pemanggangan dan pengukusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tepung jewawut dan tepung maizena agar dihasilkan brownies kukus bebas gluten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi tepung yang memiliki kadar protein tertinggi pada brownies dan untuk mengetahui lama pengukusan yang optimal sehingga menghasilkan brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung yang paling disukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktorial yaitu faktor pertama ratio tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung (50:50, 40:60 dan 30:70), sedangkan faktor kedua lama pengukusan (30 menit, 40 menit dan 50 menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung dengan ratio 50:50 dan lama pengukusan 50 menit merupakan ratio yang terbaik karena memiliki kadar protein paling tinggi yaitu 5.828%.  Pada perlakuan ini menghasilkan 19.967% kadar air, 1.585% kadar abu, 1.786% gula total, serta uji organoleptik terhadap warna 3.590 (coklat gelap), tekstur 3.340 (lembut), flavor jewawut 2.855 (sedikit terasa) dan kesukaan keseluruhan 3.285 (disukai). Kata kunci : Brownies, tepung jewawut, tepung jagung, kadar protein.  ABSTRACT      Brownies is chocolate cakes made from flour, fat, eggs, sugar and chocolate. There are two methods of cooking brownies namely roasting and steaming. This study uses millet flour and maizena flour to produced gluten free steamed brownies. This study aims to determine the best of flour formulated which has highest protein content in steamed brownies and to knew the optimal steaming time that produced the most favored  of  steamed brownies millet flour and  corn flour. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorials, the first factor is ratio of millet flour and corn flour (50:50, 40:60 and 30:70), while the second factor was the duration of steaming process (30, 40 and 50 minutes). The result of the study showed steamed flour of millet flour and corn flour with ratio of 50:50 and with steamed process duration 50 minutes is the best ratio because it had the highest protein content of 5.828%.  In this treatment yielded 19.97% moisture content, 1.585% ash content, 1.786% total sugar and organoleptic test is 3.590 (dark chocolate) colors, 3.340 (soft) texture, 2.855 (slightly felt) millet flavors and 3.285 (preferred) overall preferences. Keywords :  Brownies, millet flour, corn flour, protein content


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
L.T. Fahrtdinova ◽  
◽  
M.K. Sadigova ◽  
T.V. Kirillova ◽  
Yu. T. Saidullaeva ◽  
...  

The article presents the results of a study on the development of a recipe for semi‑finished custard based on gluten‑free raw materials. The ratio of components in the gluten‑free mixture was optimized using the regression analysis method. The influence of gluten‑free raw materials on the rheological properties of the semi‑ finished product is studied. The variants of the experiment differed in the composition of the composite mixture (the ratio of corn, rice flour and corn starch). The chemical composition and the ratio of the components of the mixture determine the rheological properties of the semi‑finished product. The experimental version with the ratio of rice flour, corn flour and corn starch 50:40:10 most corresponds to the rheological properties of the control version and is characterized by high consumer properties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
S.A Urubkov

The diet of children with gluten intolerance should include a sufficient amount of gluten-free grain-based products that provide children with carbohydrates, including dietary fiber, vegetable proteins, fats, B vitamins, and mineral matters. This study is aimed at studying the content of the main food substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as the total content of mineral matters, expressed by the parameter – ash content) in amaranth flour and flour from native buckwheat. Studies have shown that amaranth flour has a high protein content-13.4%, lipids-5.1%, and ash content - 2.8%. Flour from native buckwheat contains protein-7.5%, lipids-3.6%, the ash content of buckwheat flour was 1.4%. The carbohydrate content of both samples is approximately at the same level of 56-58%. Specialized products made from amaranth and buckwheat can become a source of deficient macro-and microelements, high-grade protein and other biologically valuable compounds.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Andrea Aínsa ◽  
Alba Vega ◽  
Adrian Honrado ◽  
Pedro Marquina ◽  
Pedro Roncales ◽  
...  

Gluten-free pasta enriched with fish can support a nutritive and suitable option for people with celiac disease that allows achieving the benefits of fish consumption, especially the consumption of Ω-3 fatty acids; however, this requires that the pasta has adequate technological and sensory properties. For this purpose, four optimal formulations, obtained with an iterative process, were analyzed to determine the effect of the different ingredients (yellow corn flour, white corn flour, and rice flour) in gluten-free pasta compared to commercial wheat pasta. An evaluation of the color, texture, and technological properties were conducted, and the pasta was sensorially characterized. The enriched gluten-free pasta required shorter cooking times (≈3 min) and was characterized by lower hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and fracturability, and had higher values of adhesiveness than wheat pasta. In addition, the incorporation of yellow corn gives gluten-free pasta a similarity in color to commercial pasta, with a value of ∆E between 5.5 and 8.0. Regarding the sensory analysis, gluten-free pasta was characterized by slight fishy aromas and flavors with some aftertaste compared to commercial pasta. Finally, the use of different cereals to obtain gluten-free pasta could be a good and feasible alternative despite the technological and sensory modifications observed.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Mariasole Cervini ◽  
Alice Gruppi ◽  
Andrea Bassani ◽  
Giorgia Spigno ◽  
Gianluca Giuberti

Gluten-free (GF) pasta samples containing rice flour replaced with 0, 5, 10, 15 g/100 g (w/w) of a resistant starch ingredient from annealed sorghum starch (annRS) were formulated. The highest total dietary fiber and RS contents (p < 0.05) were measured in uncooked pasta with 15 g/100 g of annRS addition (15-annRS). After cooking, the 15-annRS pasta was characterized by an RS content of 5.8 g/100 g dry matter, confirming the thermal resistance of annRS. The use of annRS positively influenced the optimal cooking time, the cooking loss, the firmness, and the stickiness of the cooked samples, with not remarkably change in color after cooking. The starch hydrolysis index values decreased as the level of annRS increased. Despite a significant decrease in the overall sensory with increasing levels of annRS, all samples were characterized by a value > 5, which is considered the limit of acceptability. The use of annRS in GF pasta up to 15 g/100 g can contribute to creating GF products with high total dietary fiber content, slowly digestible starch properties, and without drastically compromising the sensory attributes.


2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Ju. V. Ushakova ◽  
E. M. Paskova ◽  
G. E. Rysmukhambetova ◽  
T. B. Kulevatova

The article presents experimental data on the assessment of the rheological properties of dough from new types of flour, formed on the basis of cumulative curves using the Mixolab device. The data of mixolabograms and radial diagrams (Mixolab profiler) made it possible to reveal the existing differences in the parameters of the rheological profile and Mixolab indices. The object of the study is composite mixtures of gluten-free flours: No. 1 is 50% of pumpkin and 50% of corn flour, No. 2 is 50% of linseed and 50% of corn flour, No. 3 – 50% of rice and 50% of corn flour, No. 4 – 75% of linseed and 25% of corn flour, No. 5 is 30% of linseed and 70% of rice flour. The use of composite mixtures is promising due to high oven rise and low starch thickening because of its high water absorption capacity (WAC). In addition, there is certain economic efficiency, since it is possible to produce more dough at a lower cost.


2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Егорова ◽  
Elena Egorova ◽  
Ирина Резниченко ◽  
Irina Reznichenko

Narrow range of Russian products for consumers with celiac disease, high prices and low nutritional value of these products determine the relevance of the development of new flour confectionery products for consumers who stick to a gluten-free diet. The aim of the work was to develop a food concentrate – semi-finished product for gluten-free cupcakes cooking. The main object of the studies was flour obtained from amaranth seeds which had been chosen because of the advantages of its chemical composition compared to the traditional industrial types of gluten-free flour – rice flour and corn flour. Amaranth flour was introduced into the dough in the form of a homogeneous mixture with corn flour or rice flour. It amounted for 5.0% to 25.0% of the total amount of flour. According to the results of studies of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the cupcakes quality the authors proposed the optimal combinations of corn flour and amaranth flour; rice flour and amaranth flour. They showed that if the dough base includes corn flour and amaranth flour in the ratio of 10.0–12.5% : 90.0–87.5% or rice flour and amaranth flour in the ratio of 15.0–17.5% : 85.0–82.5% it allows to obtain standard quality cupcakes. Considering these data the authors developed the recipes of semi-finished gluten-free cupcakes with amaranth flour. Calculation of nutritional value of semi-finished gluten-free cupcakes cooked following the developed recipes showed that corn-amaranth and rice-amaranth cupcakes had a better ratio of basic nutrients. They had higher content of easy-to-digest gluten-free proteins (up to 7.9–8.4 g/100 g of semi-finished product) and dietary fibers (up to 1.2–3.4 g/100 g of semi-finished product). They had lower total fat content (4–5 times). Based on the results of the conducted research it is possible to confirm that the use of amaranth flour in the development of semi-finished gluten-free cupcakes can significantly increase the nutritional value of these products and to extend the product range of affordable gluten-free Russian products.


Author(s):  
О.А. КОРНЕВА ◽  
Е.Г. ДУНЕЦ ◽  
Т.Д. ПОЛОЗЮК ◽  
В.М. РЯБЧИКОВА

Разработана рецептура теста для пельменей и вареников из безглютеновой мучной смеси с целью расширения ассортимента кулинарных полуфабрикатов для больных целиакией. Пресное тесто готовили из соевой, рисовой и кукурузной муки. В качестве реологических корректоров дисперсии использовали тапиоковый крахмал и ксантановую камедь. Методами математического планирования эксперимента установлены оптимальные количества сухих компонентов в рецептуре теста, : мука кукурузная 31,897, крахмал тапиоковый 24,085, мука рисовая 31,684, мука соевая 12,334, при которых технологические свойства пресного теста из беглютенового сырья практически не уступают реологическим свойствам теста из пшеничной муки. Для придания тестовой массе пластичности и повышения эластичности готовых изделий вносили ксантановую камедь в количестве 0,35 к массе композитной мучной смеси. Приготовление теста осуществляли смешиванием соевой муки с тапиоковым крахмалом и ксантановой камедью и последующим добавлением в полученную смесь подсырной молочной сыворотки температурой 3540С смесь 1. Полученную смесь выдерживали в течение 1015 мин и добавляли в нее смесь 2, состоящую из яичной массы, масла растительного, рисовой и кукурузной муки и воды. Затем производили замес в течение 1015 мин до получения равномерно перемешанного пластичного теста, которое выдерживали 4060 мин, дозировали, фасовали и направляли тестовые заготовки на охлаждение или замораживание. Промышленное производство разработанных мучных кулинарных изделий осуществляется по традиционной схеме, но при наличии двух тестомесильных машин, поскольку разработанная технология предусматривает раздельное приготовление смесей 1 и 2. Разработанные изделия из теста на основе композиции безглютенового сырья требуют более продолжительной тепловой обработки при приготовлении, характеризуются после варки упругостью и прочностью с сохранением целостности. Разработанные изделия получили высокую органолептическую оценку и прошли апробацию в производственных условиях предприятий общественного питания Краснодара. The dough formulation for dumplings and dumplings from gluten-free flour mixture is developed to expand the range of culinary semi-finished products for patients with celiac disease. Unleavened dough was made from soy, rice flour and corn. Tapioca starch and xanthan gum were used as correctors of rheological dispersion. By methods of mathematical planning of the experiment, the optimal amounts of dry components in the dough formulation were established, : corn flour 31,897, tapioca starch 24,085, rice flour 31,684, soy flour 12,334, in which the technological properties of the unleavened dough from gluten-free raw materials are practically not inferior to the rheological properties of the dough from wheat flour. For the plasticity of the test mass and increase the elasticity of the finished products, xanthan gum was introduced in an amount of 0,35 to the mass of the composite flour mixture. The dough is prepared by mixing soy flour with tapioca starch and xanthan gum and then adding to the obtained mixture of milk whey temperature 3540C mixture 1. Then the mixture 2, consisting of egg mass, vegetable oil, rice and corn flour and water, is added to the mixture 1. Kneading was carried out for 1015 minutes to obtain uniformly mixed plastic dough, which was maintained for 4060 minutes, dosed, packed and sent the dough pieces to cool or freeze. Industrial production of the developed flour culinary products is carried out according to the traditional scheme, but in the presence of two kneading machines, since the developed technology provides for a separate connection of cooking 1 and 2. The developed dough products based on the composition of gluten-free raw materials require longer heat treatment during preparation, are characterized by elasticity and strength after cooking with integrity preservation, The developed products had a high organoleptic rating and were tested in the production conditions of public catering enterprises of Krasnodar.


Author(s):  
YUDINA Tetiana ◽  
ROMANENKO Roman ◽  
BEZRUCHENKO Olha

Background. Gluten-free types of flour (corn, rice) with the absence of gluten proteins, show special abilities for moisture absorption, which differ from those that are characteristic for wheat flour. Researches in this direction are fragmentary. Consequently, the aim of the article is to study the influence of granulometric characteristics on the moisture-absorbing capacity (MAC) and to determine methods for increasing the technological potential of gluten-free flour raw materials. Materials and methods. The corn flour and rice flour were used. Micropho­to­graphs were taken with the CL PC camera 4.5 digital microscope. The determination of gra­nulometric composition of flour was carried out by the average mass diameter method using Cooling Tech 4.5 software. The moisture absorption capacity of flour was deter­mi­ned by a Brabender farinograph, Germany. Result. The particle size of rice flour is determined by the "dark-field" method and corn flour by the "light-field" method. The obtained results show that rice flour is characterized by a relative uniformity in particle size and a high degree of dispersion, and as a result, has a good moisture-absorbing capacity (78.4 %). In corn flour, particles with average diameters from 100 to 250 microns (68.3 %) have the highest specific weight, the content of relatively large particles (more than 300 microns) is 11.2 %, and in the total area of particles 26.9 ± 4.2 %, which negatively affects the moisture-absorbing capa­city of flour and the consumer properties of ready-made cupcakes. To ensure the uniformity of particle sizes of the dispersed phase (a mixture of corn and rice flour) in the developed technology of gluten-free cupcakes, it is proposed to use a method of re-grin­ding, the feasibility of which is confirmed by the results of a study of the dispersed distribution of corn flour particles after re-grinding. Conclusion. It is proved that one of the factors that significantly affect the mois­ture-absorbing capacity of gluten-free flour, the speed of dough formation, consistency, and consumer properties of ready-made gluten-free cupcakes is the granulometric com­position of flour. The method of re-grinding corn flour is proposed in the development of gluten-free cupcake technology to ensure the uniformity of particle sizes of a mixture of corn and rice flour.


10.5219/1200 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Olga Shanina ◽  
Sergii Minchenko ◽  
Tetyana Gavrysh ◽  
Yuriy Sukhenko ◽  
Vladyslav Sukhenko ◽  
...  

Development and introduction of high quality gluten-free products is one of the priorities of food industry. Feasibility of producing gluten-free steamed bread based on rice and corn flour using flaxseed, sunflower, sorghum and quinoa flour additives is proved in the article. Recommended ratios of flours are established: Frc:Ffs 95:5, Frc:Fsn 95:5, Fcn:Fqn 85:15, Fcn:Fsg 90:10. The parameters of dough kneading are studied and the influence of additives on relative elasticity, plasticity and resilience is established. Use of additives leads to a decrease in irreversible relative deformation of dough for 36 – 68% and relative plasticity for 16 – 18%, to increase of its elasticity relative resilience up to 2.3 times. Dough fermentation process is investigated. It is established that amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in gluten-free dough increases by 10 – 30%. Process of acid accumulation during fermentation is studied. A flow chart for the production of gluten-free steamed bread is proposed. The parameters for the production of gluten-free steamed bread were established and justified. Product is prepared in a single-phase method, adopted in practice of baking bread. The duration of dough mixing is 10 – 15 min, fermentation 20 – 35 min. Steam treatment is carried out under atmospheric pressure. Recommended steam processing time is 35 min for bread based on rice flour, 30 min for based on corn flour. In comparison with the traditional technological scheme, it is recommended to use a double boiler instead of an oven.


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