scholarly journals Development of a certified reference material for the physical properties of the soil clay (loam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
I. N. Matveeva ◽  
V. V. Tolmachev
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Certified Reference Material ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Certified Values

Introduction. The article presents results of developing a certified reference material for the physical properties of the soil clay (loam). The certified characteristics of the reference material are as follows: moisture content at the liquid limit via fall-cone test, moisture content at the plastic limit, soil particle density via pycnometer method.Materials and methods. The certified values of the physical properties of the soil clay (loam) were determined using the method of interlaboratory metrological experiment.Results. The bounds of absolute error of the certified values are as follows: 1.9 % for moisture content at the liquid limit via the fall-cone test, 1.5 % for moisture content at the plastic limit, 0.03 g/cm3 for soil particle density. The validity period of the certified reference material is 5 years.Discussion and conclusion. The developed reference material was registered in the State Register of type-approved reference materials as GSO 11038–2018. The reference material is aimed at: controlling the accuracy of the measurement results of certified characteristics; conducting interlaboratory comparisons; testing laboratories proficiency.

scholarly journals Prediction of Shear Strength of Soil Using Direct Shear Test and Support Vector Machine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Bang Ly ◽  
Binh Thai Pham
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
Soil Shear Strength

Background: Shear strength of soil, the magnitude of shear stress that a soil can maintain, is an important factor in geotechnical engineering. Objective: The main objective of this study is dedicated to the development of a machine learning algorithm, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the shear strength of soil based on 6 input variables such as clay content, moisture content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit and plastic limit. Methods: An important number of experimental measurements, including more than 500 samples was gathered from the Long Phu 1 power plant project’s technical reports. The accuracy of the proposed SVM was evaluated using statistical indicators such as the coefficient of correlation (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) over a number of 200 simulations taking into account the random sampling effect. Finally, the most accurate SVM model was used to interpret the prediction results due to Partial Dependence Plots (PDP). Results: Validation results showed that SVM model performed well for prediction of soil shear strength (R = 0.9 to 0.95), and the moisture content, liquid limit and plastic limit were found as the three most affecting features to the prediction of soil shear strength. Conclusion: This study might help in quick and accurate prediction of soil shear strength for practical purposes in civil engineering.

scholarly journals The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Oleszczuk ◽  
Milena Truba
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
East Central ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
East Part ◽  
North East

Abstract The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers. The paper presents the results of measurements of some physical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers (degree of decomposition, bulk density, particle density, porosity and saturated moisture content). The soil samples were taken from north- -east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and meadows. The article presents obtained data of selected physical properties from several drained peatlands in Poland and shows the comparison of established results with relevant data published in literature.

scholarly journals Effect of amount and time of incorporation of forest litter on soil physical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Paardensha Ivy Chinir ◽  
Manoj Dutta ◽  
Rizongba Kichu ◽  
Sewak Ram
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Holding

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of forest litter and its time of incorporation on soil physical properties. The study showed that plots with forest litter incorporated at 45 DBS (Days Before Sowing) had significantly higher soil moisture content as compared to those incorporated at 30 DBS after 30 and 60 DAS. However, the difference in the time of incorporation had no significant effect on soil moisture content at 90 DAS. At 30 DAS, application of forest litter @ 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the soil moisture content at a rate of 4.11 and 11.42 per cent, respectively over control. At 60 DAS, application of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the soil moisture content at the rate of 15.05, 17.26 and 25.65 per cent, respectively over control. At 90 DAS, a trend was noticed which showed that soil moisture content significantly increased at a progressive rate with each increase in the dose of forest litter application. At 90 DAS, the addition of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1and 9 t ha-1 increased the soil moisture content @ 10.16, 17.84 and 22.20 per cent, respectively over control. The plots with forest litter incorporated at 45 DBS had significantly higher hydraulic conductivity, per cent aggregates and mean weight diameter as compared to those incorporated at 30 DBS. However, the difference in the time of incorporation i.e., at 30 and 45 DBS had no significant effect on bulk density, particle density and water holding capacity. Incorporation of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly decreased the bulk density at the rate of 3.67, 8.65 and 14.14 per cent; while particle density increased at the rate of 2.59, 3.42 and 6.61 per cent, respectively when compared to control. The addition of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 resulted in a significant increase in water holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity at a rate of 3.72, 4.65 and 6.77 per cent and 24.13, 32.30 and 41.73 per cent, respectively over control. Further, the application of forest litter @ 3t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the per cent aggregate and mean weight diameter of the soil @ 1.77, 3.49 and 6.58 per cent 17.31, 26.28 and 41.35 per cent, respectively over control. The study revealed that incorporating 9 t ha-1 of forest litter at 45 DBS had the most beneficial effect on soil physical properties.

MOISTURE-DEPENDENT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICAL TINY SEEDS: PART A: FLIXWEED (DESCURAINIA SOPHIA L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Mirzabe ◽  
◽  
Ali Fadavi ◽  
Ali Mansouri ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Angle Of Friction ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

Knowledge of agricultural seeds’ physical properties has significant importance for machinery and processing equipment design. Physical properties of flixweed (Descur ainia sophia L.) seeds were determined as a function of moisture content. Several properties were studied in the moisture range from 5.28 to 17.53% dry basis. Also, probability distribution of seeds’ principal dimensions were modeled by Gamma, Generalized Extreme Value, Lognormal, and Weibull functions. With increasing moisture content from 5.28 to 17.53%, properties including; length, width, thickness, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, specific surface area, volume, and projected area showed no specific trend. In contrast, the surface area increased from 6×10-7 to 1×10-6 m2. The bulk and particle density decreased from 696.61 to 542.51 kg·m-3, and 1217.50 to 1189.02 kg·m-3, respectively. The porosity increased from 42.78 to 54.37%. The maximum external static angle of friction belonged to wood at all moisture content levels, followed by the iron and galvanized surfaces. At all moisture levels, the emptying angle of repose was more than the filling one.

scholarly journals A new certified reference material for size and shape analysis of nanorods using electron microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Kestens ◽  
Tsvetelina Gerganova ◽  
Gert Roebben ◽  
Andrea Held
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Certified Reference Material ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Certified Values

Abstract A new certified reference material (CRM) for size and shape analysis of elongated nanoparticles has been developed by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre. The CRM consists of titanium dioxide nanorods dispersed in 1-butanol, was coded ERM-FD103 and has been certified for different electron microscopy–based operationally defined measurands such as the modal and median values of the particle number-weighted distributions of the minimum and maximum Feret diameter, the maximum inscribed circle diameter, the area-equivalent circular diameter and the aspect ratio. The nanorods have nominal dimensions of 15 nm in width and 55 nm in length. Homogeneity and stability measurements were performed using transmission electron microscopy. The relative standard uncertainty for homogeneity ranged from 0.3 to 1.7%. No significant instability was detected for a shelf life of 18 months and a storage temperature of 18 °C. The certified values have been determined from the results of an interlaboratory comparison in which qualified expert laboratories participated with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The certified values are traceable to the unit of length in the International System of Units, the metre, and the relative expanded uncertainties (confidence level of approximately 95%) range from 4 to 6%. These properties allow the CRM to be used for quality assurance and calibration of electron microscopy methods for nanoparticle size and shape analysis in ranges relevant for the implementation of EU legislation related to nanomaterials. The presented study discusses the purpose and results of the different steps that were followed to turn an industrially relevant raw titanium dioxide nanorod material into a fit-for-purpose CRM. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Application of k0-INAA Method in Preliminary Characterization of KRISS Urban Airborne Particulate Matter Certified Reference Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6649
Author(s):  
Hana Cho ◽  
Kishore B. Dasari ◽  
Myung Chul Lim ◽  
Gwang Min Sun ◽  
Radojko Jaćimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Certified Reference Material ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Environmental Materials ◽  
Korea Research Institute ◽  
Incineration Ashes ◽  
Certified Values

We report comprehensive elemental composition studies on the average urban airborne particulate matters (PMs) collected in the Greater Seoul area, Korea, in 2019 to identify regional and chronological characteristics of the sample as a candidate for certified reference material (CRM), using k0-based single comparator instrumental neutron activation analysis (k0-INAA). The method was successfully validated by comparing the analysis result of a similar matrix CRM (SRM 1648a urban particulate matter) of National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, with corresponding certified values. The same methodology was applied to determine various elements in candidate environmental materials for future CRM development, including the urban PMs and incineration ashes, to investigate the possibility of using k0-INAA for certification of relevant reference materials. In total, 46 elements in the urban PM sample were analyzed and their concentration levels were compared with the urban PMs collected in the 1970s in St. Louis, USA. Urban PMs of Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science in 2019 contain significantly lower levels of hazardous elements, such as As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb, as compared to those of the 1970s, which can be attributed to the reduced air pollution by environmental regulation and technological innovation. The potential major source of urban airborne PMs was also discussed.

scholarly journals Metrological assurance of dioxin measurements. A certified reference material for measuring the dioxin mass fraction in animal fat

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Budko ◽  
A. Y. Mikheeva ◽  
A. I. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Certified Reference Material ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Certified Values ◽  
Good Agreement

The paper presents information on the development of a new certified reference material (CRM) for mass fraction of dioxins in animal fat, with established metrological traceability. A procedure for preparing and certifying CRM material is given. The GC–LRMS method with isotopic dilution was used as an analytical method for establishing certified characteristics. The uncertainties due to inhomogeneity and instability of the CRM material were estimated in order to account for their contribution to the uncertainty of certified values. In addition, the results of interlaboratory comparisons (ILC) for an experimental batch of the developed CRM are presented. Measurement results provided by ILC participants are shown to be in good agreement with the certified characteristics of the CRM. The certified values of dioxin mass fractions (PCDF group) in the CRM material are established to vary from 1 to 1000 ng / kg, with the relative expanded uncertainty ranging from 10 to 20 %.

scholarly journals Influence of Nano-bentonite in Hydraulic Conductivity Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Atiqah Najwa Zainuddin ◽  
Mazidah Mukri ◽  
Raimi Syazwani Asmuni ◽  
Nor Izzati Ibrahim ◽  
Nor Azizah Che Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Nano Clay

Nano-clay is one of the innovation recently been studies as one of the enhancing materials to the soils. By adding a slight amount of nano-clay can improve some of behaviour such as hydraulic conductivity. Therefore, this research will investigate the performance of the hydraulic behaviour of different percentage of nano-clay in developing new soil liner design to be used in landfill. To complete the objectives, bentonite was pulverized by the process of high energy milling to obtain nano-bentonite. The milling sample is being analysed using Zeta Potential Analyzer and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The laboratory studies were conducted by the determination geotechnical properties of the liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index shrinkage limit, particle density, compaction characteristic and also hydraulic conductivity value of raw bentonite mixed with 0%1%,2% and 3% of nano-bentonite. The laboratories result shows that the value of liquid limit, plastic limit, particle density and maximum dry density is increase in every addition of nano percentages meanwhile the value of plasticity index, optimum moisture content and hydraulic conductivity is decrease after adding nano-bentonite in the sample. The result shows the improvement of the soil by the geotechnical properties with addition of small amount of nano-bentonite.

scholarly journals Prediction of Shear Strength of Soil Using Direct Shear Test and Support Vector Machine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Bang Ly ◽  
Binh Thai Pham
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
Soil Shear Strength

Background: Shear strength of soil, the magnitude of shear stress that a soil can maintain, is an important factor in geotechnical engineering. Objective: The main objective of this study is dedicated to the development of a machine learning algorithm, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the shear strength of soil based on 6 input variables such as clay content, moisture content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit and plastic limit. Methods: An important number of experimental measurements, including more than 500 samples was gathered from the Long Phu 1 power plant project’s technical reports. The accuracy of the proposed SVM was evaluated using statistical indicators such as the coefficient of correlation (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) over a number of 200 simulations taking into account the random sampling effect. Finally, the most accurate SVM model was used to interpret the prediction results due to Partial Dependence Plots (PDP). Results: Validation results showed that SVM model performed well for prediction of soil shear strength (R = 0.9 to 0.95), and the moisture content, liquid limit and plastic limit were found as the three most affecting features to the prediction of soil shear strength. Conclusion: This study might help in quick and accurate prediction of soil shear strength for practical purposes in civil engineering.

scholarly journals Soil Atterberg limits of different weathering profiles of the collapsing gullies in the hilly granitic region of southern China

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusong Deng ◽  
Chongfa Cai ◽  
Dong Xia ◽  
Shuwen Ding ◽  
Jiazhou Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Weathering Degree

Abstract. Collapsing gullies are one of the most serious soil erosion problems in the tropical and subtropical areas of southern China. However, few studies have been performed on the relationship of soil Atterberg limits with soil profiles of the collapsing gullies. Soil Atterberg limits, which include plastic limit and liquid limit, have been proposed as indicators for soil vulnerability to degradation. Here, the soil Atterberg limits within different weathering profiles and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties were investigated by characterizing four collapsing gullies in four counties in the hilly granitic region of southern China. The results showed that with the fall of weathering degree, there was a sharp decrease in plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity and free iron oxide. Additionally, there was a gradual increase in liquidity index, a sharp increase in particle density and bulk density followed by a slight decline, a decrease in the finer soil particles, a noticeable decline in the clay contents, and a considerable increase in the gravel and sand contents. The plastic limit varied from 19.43 to 35.93 % in TC, 19.51 to 33.82 % in GX, 19.32 to 35.58 % in AX and 18.91 to 36.56 % in WH, while the liquid limit varied from 30.91 to 62.68 % in TC, 30.89 to 57.70 % in GX, 32.48 to 65.71 % in AX and 30.77 to 62.70 % in WH, respectively. The soil Atterberg limits in the sandy soil layers and detritus layers were lower than those in the surface layers and red soil layers, which results in higher vulnerability of the sandy soil layers and detritus layers to erosion and finally the formation of the collapsing gully. The regression analyses showed that soil Atterberg limits had significant and positive correlation with SOM, clay content, cationic exchange capacity and Fed, significant and negative correlation with sand content and no obvious correlation with other properties. The results of this study revealed that soil Atterberg limits are an informative indicator to reflect the weathering degree of different weathering profiles of the collapsing gullies in the hilly granitic region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document