Combined Magnesia, Ceria and Nickel Catalyst Supported over γ-Alumina Doped with Titania for Dry Reforming of Methane

This study investigated dry reforming of methane with combined catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 support doped with 3.0 wt. % TiO2. The physicochemical properties of all the catalysts were determined by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry metal analysis, nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction/desorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The addition of CeO2 and MgO to Ni strengthened the interaction between the Ni and the support. The catalytic activity results indicated that the CeO2 and MgO addition to Ni did not do much in retarding carbon deposition, but they improved the activity of the catalysts. Among the tested catalysts, it was found that the catalyst with the composition of 5.0 wt % NiO-10.0 wt % CeO2/3.0 wt %TiO2-γ-Al2O3 resulted in the highest CH4 and CO2 conversion with H2/CO mole ratio close to unity. The optimum reaction conditions in terms of reactant conversion and H2/CO mole ratio were achieved by varying space velocity and CO2/CH4 mole ratio.

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Combined Magnesia, Ceria and Nickel catalyst supported over γ-Alumina Doped with Titania for Dry Reforming of Methane

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9020188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 188 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ahmed Sadeq Al-Fatesh ◽

Samsudeen Olajide Kasim ◽

Ahmed Aidid Ibrahim ◽

Anis Hamza Fakeeha ◽

Ahmed Elhag Abasaeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Space Velocity ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽

Hydrogen Chemisorption ◽

Temperature Programmed Oxidation ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Al2o3 Support ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Temperature Programmed

This study investigated dry reforming of methane (DRM) over combined catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 support doped with 3.0 wt. % TiO2. Physicochemical properties of all catalysts were determined by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction/oxidation/desorption/pulse hydrogen chemisorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Addition of CeO2 and MgO to Ni strengthened the interaction between the Ni and the support. The catalytic activity results indicate that the addition of CeO2 and MgO to Ni did not reduce carbon deposition, but improved the activity of the catalysts. Temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) revealed the formation of carbon that is mainly amorphous and small amount of graphite. The highest CH4 and CO2 conversion was found for the catalyst composed of 5.0 wt. % NiO-10.0 wt. % CeO2/3.0 wt. %TiO2-γ-Al2O3 (Ti-CAT-II), resulting in H2/CO mole ratio close to unity. The optimum reaction conditions in terms of reactant conversion and H2/CO mole ratio were achieved by varying space velocity and CO2/CH4 mole ratio.

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Dry Reforming of Methane Using Ce-modified Ni Supported on 8%PO4 + ZrO2 Catalysts

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10020242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 242

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Ibrahim ◽

Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh ◽

Nadavala Siva Kumar ◽

Ahmed E. Abasaeed ◽

Samsudeen O. Kasim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Space Velocity ◽

Catalyst System ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Temperature Programmed Oxidation ◽

Active Metal ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

The Stability

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) was studied in the light of Ni supported on 8%PO4 + ZrO2 catalysts. Cerium was used to modify the Ni active metal. Different percentage loadings of Ce (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 5%) were tested. The wet incipient impregnation method was used for the preparation of all catalysts. The catalysts were activated at 700 °C for ½ h. The reactions were performed at 800 °C using a gas hourly space velocity of 28,000 mL (h·gcat)−1. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterizing the catalysts. The TGA analysis depicted minor amounts of carbon deposition. The CO2-TPD results showed that Ce enhanced the basicity of the catalysts. The 3% Ce loading possessed the highest surface area, the largest pore volume, and the greatest pore diameter. All the promoted catalysts enhanced the conversions of CH4 and CO2. Among the promoted catalysts tested, the 10Ni + 3%Ce/8%PO4 + ZrO2 catalyst system operated at 1 bar and at 800 °C gave the highest conversions of CH4 (95%) and CO2 (96%). The stability profile of Cerium-modified catalysts (10%Ni/8%PO4 + ZrO2) depicted steady CH4 and CO2 conversions during the 7.5 h time on stream.

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Characterization of Fly Ash Generated from Matla Power Station in Mpumalanga, South Africa

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2012/451801 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1788-1795 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Olushola S. Ayanda ◽

Olalekan S. Fatoki ◽

Folahan A. Adekola ◽

Bhekumusa J. Ximba

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Point Of Zero Charge ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Power Station ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

In this study, fly ash was obtained from Matla power station and the physicochemical properties investigated. The fly ash was characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Surface area, particle size, ash and carbon contents, pH, and point of zero charge were also measured. The results showed that the fly ash is alkaline and consists mainly of mullite (Al6Si2O13) and quartz (SiO2). Highly toxic metals As, Sb, Cd, Cr, and Pb as well as metals that are essential to health in trace amounts were also present. The storage and disposal of coal fly ash can thus lead to the release of leached metals into soils, surface and ground waters, find way into the ecological systems and then cause harmful effect to man and its environments.

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Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques

Archaeologia Polona ◽

10.23858/apa56.2018.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

Mar Rey-Solé ◽

Maria Pilar García-Argüelles ◽

Jordi Nadal ◽

Xavier Mangado ◽

Anders Scherstén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Stone Tool ◽

Petrographic Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Study Results ◽

Lithic Industry ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far

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Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the No. 5-2 High-Sulfur Coal from the Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi, North China, with Emphasis on Anomalies of Gallium and Lithium

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9070402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 402 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qin ◽

Cao ◽

Wei ◽

Wang ◽

Liu

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Northern China ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Taiyuan Formation ◽

Reflected Light ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Geological Factors ◽

Felsic Volcanic

This paper reports the mineral compositions and geochemical characteristics of the No. 5-2 high-sulfur coal (Taiyuan Formation) from Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi, Northern China via transmitted and reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). We also confirmed the input of intermediate-felsic volcanic ashes into the Taiyuan Formation coals in Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield. The results show that Dongpo coals are enriched in Ga and Li compared to the average values for world hard coals, and they are depleted in Al2O3 compared to Chinese coals. The coal low temperature ash contains kaolinite, illite, quartz, calcite, pyrite, and to a lesser extent, chlorite, plagioclase, dolomite, ankerite, and apatite. The concentration anomalies of Ga and Li in No. 5-2 high-sulfur coal were not caused by the Benxi Formation Bauxite, but by the influence of multiple geological factors. The Middle Proterozoic moyite from the Yinshan Oldland led to the slightly higher Ga and Li contents of the No. 5-2 coal than those in world hard coals. Input of synchronization volcanic ash, injection of hydrothermal fluids during the syngenetic or early diagenetic stages and influence of seawater further contributed to the Ga and Li enrichment of the No. 5-2 coal.

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Ce- and Y-Modified Double-Layered Hydroxides as Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane: On the Effect of Yttrium Promotion

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9010056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Katarzyna Świrk ◽

Magnus Rønning ◽

Monika Motak ◽

Patricia Beaunier ◽

Patrick Da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Textural Properties ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽

Side Reactions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

Nickel Species

Ce- and Y-promoted double-layered hydroxides were synthesized and tested in dry reforming of methane (CH4/CO2 = 1/1). The characterization of the catalysts was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, temperature-programmed reduction in H2 (TPR-H2), temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (TPD-CO2), H2 chemisorption, thermogravimetric analysis coupled by mass spectrometry (TGA/MS), Raman, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The promotion with cerium influences textural properties, improves the Ni dispersion, decreases the number of total basic sites, and increases the reduction temperature of nickel species. After promotion with yttrium, the increase in basicity is not directly correlated with the increasing Y loading on the contrary of Ni dispersion. Dry reforming of methane (DRM) was performed as a function of temperature and in isothermal conditions at 700 °C for 5 h. For catalytic tests, a slight increase of the activity is observed for both Y and Ce doped catalysts. This improvement can of course be explained by Ni dispersion, which was found higher for both Y and Ce promoted catalysts. During DRM, the H2/CO ratio was found below unity, which can be explained by side reactions occurrence. These side reactions are linked with the increase of CO2 conversion and led to carbon deposition. By HRTEM, only multi-walled and helical-shaped carbon nanotubes were identified on Y and Ce promoted catalysts. Finally, from Raman spectroscopy, it was found that on Y and Ce promoted catalysts, the formed C is less graphitic as compared to only Ce-based catalyst.

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Characterization of Physically Fractionated Wollastonite-Amended Agricultural Soils

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9100635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 635

Author(s):

Aashvi Dudhaiya ◽

Fatima Haque ◽

Hugo Fantucci ◽

Rafael M. Santos

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Mineral Carbonation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Silicate Mineral ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Natural Silicate ◽

Inorganic Content ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Wollastonite is a natural silicate mineral that can be used as an agricultural soil amendment. Once in the soil, this mineral undergoes weathering and carbonation reactions, and, under certain soil and field crop conditions, our previous work has shown that this practice leads to accumulation of inorganic carbon (calcium carbonate). Mineral carbonation is the carbon sequestration approach with the greatest potential for sequestration capacity and permanency. Agricultural lands offer vast areas onto which such minerals can be applied, while benefiting crops. This work illustrates a technique to separate wollastonite-containing soils into different fractions. These fractions are characterized separately to determine organic and inorganic content, as well as to determine the chemical and mineral composition. The aim is to detect the fate of wollastonite in agricultural soils, and the fate of weathering/carbonation products in the soil. The soils used in the study were collected from soybean and potato farmlands in Southern Ontario, and from an experimental pilot plot. Soil fractionation was done using sieving, and soil fractions were analyzed by a calcimeter, X-ray diffraction, and loss-on-ignition. Acid digested samples were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Carbonates and wollastonite were enriched by fractionation.

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Generalized Methodology for Inserting Metal Heteroatoms into the Layered Zeolite Precursor RUB-36 by Interlayer Expansion

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst10060530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 530 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chaoqun Bian ◽

Xiao Wang ◽

Lan Yu ◽

Fen Zhang ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Zeolite Sample ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

First Time ◽

N2 Sorption

The incorporation of metal heteroatoms into zeolites is an effective modification strategy for enhancing their catalytic performance. Herein, for the first time we report a generalized methodology for inserting metal heteroatoms (such as Sn, Fe, Zn, and Co) into the layered zeolite precursor RUB-36 via interlayer expansion by using the corresponding metal acetylacetate salt. Through this generalized methodology, Sn-JHP-1, Fe-JHP-1, Zn-JHP-1 and Co-JHP-1 zeolites could be successfully prepared by the reaction of RUB-36 and corresponding metal acetylacetate salt at 180 °C for 24 h in the presence of HCl solution. As a typical example, Sn-JHP-1 and calcined Sn-JHP-1 (Sn-JHP-2) zeolite is well characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), N2 sorption, temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques, which confirm the expansion of adjacent interlayers and thus the incorporation of isolated Sn sites within the zeolite structure. Notably, the obtained Sn-JHP-2 zeolite sample shows enhanced catalytic performance in the conversion of glucose to levulinic acid (LA) reaction.

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Fe-Containing MOFs as Seeds for the Preparation of Highly Active Fe/Al-SBA-15 Catalysts in the NAlkylation of Aniline

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24152695 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (15) ◽

pp. 2695 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mhadmhan ◽

Marquez-Medina ◽

Romero ◽

Reubroycharoen ◽

Luque

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Alkylation Reaction ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Highly Active ◽

Milling Method ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

We have successfully incorporated iron species into mesoporous aluminosilicates (AlSBA15) using a simple mechanochemical milling method. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), pyridine (PY) and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (DMPY) pulse chromatography titration, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The catalysts were tested in the N-alkylation reaction of aniline with benzyl alcohol for imine production. According to the results, the iron sources, acidity of catalyst and reaction conditions were important factors influencing the reaction. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance, achieving 97% of aniline conversion and 96% of imine selectivity under optimized conditions.

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P2O5-Free Cerium Containing Glasses: Bioactivity and Cytocompatibility Evaluation

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12193267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 3267

Author(s):

Gigliola Lusvardi ◽

Francesca Sgarbi Stabellini ◽

Roberta Salvatori

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Doped Glasses ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sbf Solution ◽

Xrd Techniques

(1) Background: valuation of the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of P2O5-free and CeO2 doped glasses. (2) Methods: all glasses are based on the Kokubo (K) composition and prepared by a melting method. Doped glassed, K1.2, K3.6 and K5.3 contain 1.2, 3.6, and 5.3 mol% of CeO2. Bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and murine osteocyte (MLO-Y4) cell lines, respectively. Leaching of ions concentration in SBF was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The surface of the glasses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. (3) Results: P2O5-free cerium doped glasses are proactive according to European directives. Cerium increases durability and retards, but does not inhibit, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) formation at higher cerium amounts (K3.6 and K5.3); however, cell proliferation increases with the amount of cerium especially evident for K5.3. (4) Conclusions: These results enforce the use of P2O5-free cerium doped bioactive glasses as a new class of biomaterials.

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