scholarly journals Bioimpedance and Bone Fracture Detection: A State of the Art

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Dell'Osa ◽  
Franco Simini ◽  
Jose C. Felice
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive

Bioimpedance measurements are used increasingly in health applications because bioelectric parameters have been associated with anatomical and physiological properties, thus enabling to distinguish medical conditions. For bone fracture diagnostics, nevertheless, there is no established non-invasive method. Ex vivo studies and In vivo bioimpedance procedures, both invasive and non-invasive, on mammalians long bones are associated with promising results. In this work, out of a total of 568 papers, we reviewd 59 articles that mention long bone integrity by electric properties, be it Bioimpedance Analysis, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy or Electrical Impedance Tomography. The papers are described in three sections, “Ex vivo measurements”, “In vivo invasive measurements” and “In vivo non-invasive measurements”. This review allows to establish the basics to planning the development of new technology to detect bone fracture via bioimpedance measurements.

scholarly journals Bone Fracture Detection by Electrical Bioimpedance: First Non-Invasive Measurements in Ex-Vivo Mammalian Femur

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Dell’Osa ◽  
A. Concu ◽  
F. R. Dobarro ◽  
J. C. Felice
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Real Component ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractThe fracture of long bones is one of the pathologies of greater demand of systems of medical emergencies, the method used for the diagnosis, the radiology of X-rays, produces damages to the patients and to the hospitals environment. For these reasons, our group is studying the implementation of a new diagnostic technique for the detection of bone fractures by bioimpedance measurements. To simulate a limb, two phantom of bovine femurs (the one with an entire bone and the other with a sawn bone) were constructed and non-invasive Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements were taken on them in order to identify differences in their respective Cole Cole diagrams. Impedance spectroscopy was performed by a frequency sweep between 1 Hz and 65 kHz at a fixed current of 1 mA. The results obtained show wide differences in the Cole Cole diagrams of both phantoms (entire and fractured bone), especially concerning the real component of the, which latter, around the bones section corresponding to that of the lesion in both femurs, was always lower in the fractured femur than the entire one. These first superficial (non-invasive) measurements correspond to the electrical impedance spectroscopy bases and these could -in turn- correspond to what occurs in mammals immediately after the fracture happens, i. e. a dramatic increase in electrical conductivity due to diffusion into the fracture site of more conductive materials such as the blood and the extravascular fluids.

scholarly journals Wireless implantable sensor for non-invasive, longitudinal quantification of axial strain across rodent long bone defects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett S. Klosterhoff ◽  
Keat Ghee Ong ◽  
Laxminarayanan Krishnan ◽  
Kevin M. Hetzendorfer ◽  
Young-Hui Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Segmental Defect ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technical Requirements

AbstractBone development, maintenance, and regeneration are remarkably sensitive to mechanical cues. Consequently, mechanical stimulation has long been sought as a putative target to promote endogenous healing after fracture. Given the transient nature of bone repair, tissue-level mechanical cues evolve rapidly over time after injury and are challenging to measure non-invasively. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize an implantable strain sensor for non-invasive monitoring of axial strain across a rodent femoral defect during functional activity. Herein, we present the design, characterization, and in vivo demonstration of the device’s capabilities for quantitatively interrogating physiological dynamic strains during bone regeneration. Ex vivo experimental characterization of the device showed that it exceeded the technical requirements for sensitivity, signal resolution, and electromechanical stability. The digital telemetry minimized power consumption, enabling long-term intermittent data collection. Devices were implanted in a rat 6 mm femoral segmental defect model and after three days, data were acquired wirelessly during ambulation and synchronized to corresponding radiographic videos, validating the ability of the sensor to non-invasively measure strain in real-time. Lastly, in vivo strain measurements were utilized in a finite element model to estimate the strain distribution within the defect region. Together, these data indicate the sensor is a promising technology to quantify local tissue mechanics in a specimen specific manner, facilitating more detailed investigations into the role of the mechanical environment in dynamic skeletal healing and remodeling.

scholarly journals Electrical Modelling of In-Vivo Impedance Spectroscopy of Nicotiana tabacum Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Bar-On ◽  
Umberto Garlando ◽  
Marios Sophocleous ◽  
Aakash Jog ◽  
Paolo Motto Ros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Vessel Structure ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Electrical Modelling ◽  
Plant Stem

Electrical impedance spectroscopy has been suggested as a sensing method for plants. Here, a theoretical approach for electrical conduction via the plant stem is presented and validated, linking its living electrical characteristics to its internal structure. An electrical model for the alternating current conduction and the associated impedance in a live plant stem is presented. The model accounts for biological and geometrical attributes. It uses the electrically prevalent coupled transmission line model approach for a simplified description of the complicated vessel structure. It considers the electrode coupling to the plant stem (either Galvanic or Faradic), and accounts for the different interactions of the setup. Then the model is simplified using the lumped element approach. The model is then validated using a four-point probe impedance spectroscopy method, where the probes are galvanically coupled to the stem of Nicotiana tabacum plants. The electrical impedance data was collected continuously and the results exhibit an excellent fitting to the theoretical model, with a fitting error of less than 1.5% for data collected on various days and plants. A parametric evaluation of the fitting corresponds to the proposed physically based model, therefore providing a baseline for future plant sensor design.

scholarly journals Complex conductivity reconstruction in multiple frequency electrical impedance tomography for fabric-based pressure sensor

Sensor Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Yang ◽  
A. Mohammed ◽  
Y Mohamadou ◽  
T. I. Oh ◽  
M. Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Multiple Frequency ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pressure Mapping

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to introduce and to evaluate the performance of a multiple frequency complex impedance reconstruction for fabric-based EIT pressure sensor. Pressure mapping is an important and challenging area of modern sensing technology. It has many applications in areas such as artificial skins in Robotics and pressure monitoring on soft tissue in biomechanics. Fabric-based sensors are being developed in conjunction with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for pressure mapping imaging. This is potentially a very cost-effective pressure mapping imaging solution in particular for imaging large areas. Fabric-based EIT pressure sensors aim to provide a pressure mapping image using current carrying and voltage sensing electrodes attached on the boundary of the fabric patch. Design/methodology/approach – Recently, promising results are being achieved in conductivity imaging for these sensors. However, the fabric structure presents capacitive behaviour that could also be exploited for pressure mapping imaging. Complex impedance reconstructions with multiple frequencies are implemented to observe both conductivity and permittivity changes due to the pressure applied to the fabric sensor. Findings – Experimental studies on detecting changes of complex impedance on fabric-based sensor are performed. First, electrical impedance spectroscopy on a fabric-based sensor is performed. Secondly, the complex impedance tomography is carried out on fabric and compared with traditional EIT tank phantoms. Quantitative image quality measures are used to evaluate the performance of a fabric-based sensor at various frequencies and against the tank phantom. Originality/value – The paper demonstrates for the first time the useful information on pressure mapping imaging from the permittivity component of fabric EIT. Multiple frequency EIT reconstruction reveals spectral behaviour of the fabric-based EIT, which opens up new opportunities in exploration of these sensors.

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