scholarly journals Self-Perceived Health Among Migrants Seen in Médecins du Monde Free Clinics in Europe: Impact of Length of Stay and Wealth of Country of Origin on Migrants’ Health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jean-Baptiste Combes ◽  
Nathalie Simonnot ◽  
Fabienne Azzedine ◽  
Abdessamad Aznague ◽  
Pierre Chauvin
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Free Clinics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Unique Dataset

Health of migrant is a widely studied topic. It has been argued that migrant health may deteriorate over time. Though migrants are ‘a hard to reach’ population in survey data, this paper builds on a unique dataset provided by Médecins du Monde from five countries. We study self perceived health (SPH) in connection with socio-economic and demographic factors and length of stay. Results show different results for men and women. Asylum seekers compared to other documented migrants have a worse health. Migrants with better living conditions tend to be in better health. Employment and stable accommodation has a positive effect on SPH. Women from poorer countries have a better physical SPH after 3 months of residing in the host country. This paper contributes widely to knowledge of health of migrants. Contrarily to other evidence, health of migrants tends to improve for some migrants.

scholarly journals Self-Perceived Health among Migrants Seen in Médecins du Monde Free Clinics in Europe: Impact of Length of Stay and Wealth of Country of Origin on Migrants’ Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jean-Baptiste Combes ◽  
Nathalie Simonnot ◽  
Fabienne Azzedine ◽  
Abdessamad Aznague ◽  
Pierre Chauvin
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Free Clinics ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Unique Dataset

Health of migrants is a widely studied topic. It has been argued that migrant health may deteriorate over time. Though migrants are a “hard to reach” population in survey data, this paper builds on a unique dataset provided by Médecins du Monde from five countries. We study self-perceived health (SPH) in connection with socio-economic and demographic factors and length of stay. Results differ for men and women. Compared to other documented migrants, asylum seekers have a 50–70% greater chance of having worse health. Migrants with better living conditions have a 57–78% chance of being in better health. Male migrants with a job have between a 82–116% chance of being in good health. The probability for women from poorer countries to have a better physical SPH after three months of residing in the host country is six-fold that of women from richer countries. This paper contributes widely to the knowledge of health of migrants. Contrary to other evidence, health of women migrants from poorer countries tends to improve with length of stay.

scholarly journals The Violent Legacy of Conflict: Evidence on Asylum Seekers, Crime, and Public Policy in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 4378-4425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Couttenier ◽  
Veronica Petrencu ◽  
Dominic Rohner ◽  
Mathias Thoenig
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Unique Dataset

We study empirically how past exposure to conflict in origin countries makes migrants more violence-prone in their host country, focusing on asylum seekers in Switzerland. We exploit a novel and unique dataset on all crimes reported in Switzerland by the nationalities of perpetrators and of victims over 2009–2016. Our baseline result is that cohorts exposed to civil conflict/mass killing during childhood are 35 percent more prone to violent crime than the average cohort. This effect is particularly strong for early childhood exposure and is mostly confined to co-nationals, consistent with inter-group hostility persisting over time. We exploit cross-region heterogeneity in public policies within Switzerland to document which integration policies are best able to mitigate the detrimental effect of past conflict exposure on violent criminality. We find that offering labor market access to asylum seekers eliminates two-thirds of the effect. (JEL D74, F22, K42, Z18)

scholarly journals Charting Dynamic Trajectories: Multinational Enterprises in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithwiraj Choudhury ◽  
Tarun Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Policy Shocks ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Unique Dataset

In this article, we provide a synthesizing framework that we call the “dynamic trajectories” framework to study the evolution of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in host countries over time. We argue that a change in the policy environment in a host country presents an MNE with two sets of interrelated decisions. First, the MNE has to decide whether to enter, exit, or stay in the host country at the onset of each policy epoch; second, conditional on the first choice, it has to decide on its local responsiveness strategy at the onset of each policy epoch. India, which experienced two policy shocks—shutting down to MNEs in 1970 and then opening up again in 1991—offers an interesting laboratory to explore the “dynamic trajectories” perspective. We collect and analyze a unique dataset of all entry and exit events for Fortune 50 and FTSE 50 firms (as of 1991) in India in the period from 1858 to 2013 and, additionally, we document detailed case studies of four MNEs (that arguably represent outliers in our sample).

Management Education in India: Issues & Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Management Education ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Positive Effect

Management education attracts young men and women, who are usually motivated by the positive consequences. There are more than 3,500 management schools in India, but all of them are not capable of providing quality education. In the last decade a number of B- Schools opened up, because people involved in this industry consider it as the easiest way to make money. But in the last 3 to 4 years, a large number of Business-schools find it difficult to fill complete intake capacity of their MBA or PGDM programs (except top B-schools). The major reason of this downfall was the effect of recession (worse conditions of job market). Prior to that, management education had very positive effect among youths, but now the scenario has changed and the young graduates are going for other courses instead of MBA. About two thousand B-schools have empty MBA or PGDM seats. Interest of applicants is missing, even after heavy expenses on advertisements, seminars, education fairs etc. Recession, in reality, has lot more things for the management institutions to learn and act for the future. It is necessary for Indian B- Schools to make management education context specific. This paper tries to explore the present situation of management education in India. This paper also studies the trends prevailing in management education in India, and also tries to find out the implications of it on the industry and on the individuals. Further, it tries to study emerging issues of management education, and to find implementation of possible direction and policy towards improvement of management education in India.

scholarly journals The Impact of B Corp Certification on Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7191
Author(s):  
Valerie Paelman ◽  
Philippe Van Cauwenberge ◽  
Heidi Vander Bauwhede
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

We empirically test whether B Corp certification affects the short- and medium-term growth rates of sustainable enterprises. These businesses are growing in popularity and prevalence but, due to their hybrid nature, often suffer from external credibility issues and competing internal logics. Because of the rigorous and time-involving audit procedure, B Corp certification potentially sends a credible signal about the sustainable nature of the enterprise to its stakeholders. In addition, the B Corp label could help to straighten out internal tensions and align the company towards its dual purpose. Hence, B Corp certification could contribute to company success. We observe 129 firms that were certified between 2013 and 2018 over a period between six years prior and five years post-certification. Using propensity score matching, we identify 129 non-certified matching companies. On this sample, we conduct a difference-in-differences panel regression analysis to investigate the effect of certification. Our dataset allows us to study how the effects of B Corp certification evolve over time, which was previously untested. Our study documents a positive effect of B Corp certification on turnover growth and also that this effect increases with the time since certification, implying that certification requires some time for its full effect to become apparent.

scholarly journals Partnership among hospitals to reduce healthcare associated infections: a quasi-experimental study in Brazilian ICUs

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladjane Santos Wolmer de Melo ◽  
Maria Verônica Monteiro de Abreu ◽  
Bernuarda Roberta de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria das Graças Washington Casimiro Carr ◽  
Maria Fernanda Aparecida Moura de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are relevant in developing countries where frequencies can be at least 3 times higher than in developed countries. The purpose of this research was to describe the intervention implemented in intensive care units (ICUs) to reduce HAIs through collaborative project and analyze the variation over 18 months in the incidence density (ID) of the three main HAIs: ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and catheter-related urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and also the length of stay and mortality in these ICUs. Methods A quasi-experimental study in five public adult clinical-surgical ICUs, to reduce HAIs, through interventions using the BTS-IHI “Improvement Model”, during 18 months. In the project, promoted by the Ministry of Health, Brazilian philanthropic hospitals certified for excellence (HE), those mostly private, certified as excellence and exempt from security contributions, regularly trained and monitored public hospitals in diagnostics, data collection and in developing cycles to improve quality and to prevent HAIs (bundles). In the analysis regarding the length of stay, mortality, the IDs of VAP, CLABSIs and CAUTIs over time, a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was applied for continuous variables, using the constant correlation (exchangeable) between assessments over time. The model estimated the average difference (β coefficient of the model) of the measures analyzed during two periods: a period in the year 2017 (prior to implementing the project) and in the years 2018 and 2019 (during the project). Result A mean monthly reduction of 0.427 in VAP ID (p = 0.002) with 33.8% decrease at the end of the period and 0.351 in CAUTI ID (p = 0.009) with 45% final decrease. The mean monthly reduction of 0.252 for CLABSIs was not significant (p = 0.068). Length of stay and mortality rates had no significant variation. Conclusions Given the success in reducing VAP and CAUTIs in a few months of interventions, the achievement of the collaborative project is evident. This partnership among public hospitals/HE may be applied to other ICUs including countries with fewer resources.

scholarly journals The Double Standard of Aging for Men and Women: Evidence From Across Europe, 2006–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Richard Settersten ◽  
Jack Day ◽  
Gunhild Hagestad
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Cultural Constructions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Is there a “double standard” (i.e., a harsher judgment) in the perceived ages at which women and men reach old age, and have these judgments changed over time? We use European Social Survey data from 23 countries in 2006 and newly released data from 16 of those countries in 2018. In both 2006 and 2018, men typically assign women substantially earlier ages than women themselves do. In some places, however, men also give themselves lower ages than women give them. With respect to when women become old, the differential views of men and women are persistent. So is the fact that women differentiate less between the sexes¬–though men differentiate less in 2018 relative to 2006. We use multilevel modeling to examine variation explained by both individual characteristics and country indicators of demographic and policy contexts. Findings underscore the significance of the double standard in cultural constructions of aging.

scholarly journals Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Sarah Schwarzkopf ◽  
Asako Kinoshita ◽  
Jeannette Kluess ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

Development of calves depends on prenatal and postnatal conditions. Primiparous cows were still maturing during pregnancy, which can lead to negative intrauterine conditions and affect the calf’s metabolism. It is hypothesized that weaning calves at higher maturity has positive effects due to reduced metabolic stress. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers’ parity and calves’ weaning age on growth performance and blood metabolites. Fifty-nine female Holstein calves (38.8 ± 5.3 kg birth weight, about 8 days old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Calves were randomly assigned one of these four groups. Live weight, live weight gain and morphometry increased over time and were greater in calves weaned later. Metabolic indicators except total protein were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Leptin remained low in early-weaned calves born to primiparous cows, while it increased in the other groups. The results suggest that weaning more mature calves has a positive effect on body growth, and calves born to primiparous cows particularly benefit from this weaning regimen. It also enables a smooth transition from liquid to solid feed, which might reduce the associated stress of weaning.

Identity Politics and Refugee Policies in Kupang, Eastern Indonesia: A Politico-Historical Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Andrey Damaledo
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article assesses the implementation of Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 concerning the Treatment of Refugees and how it relates to different kinds of bureaucratic labelling of refugees as it unfolds in Indonesia’s region of Kupang. From a politico-historical perspective, Kupang is a useful case-study for elucidating the policy implications of the labelling of refugees, as the region has been hosting different kinds of refugees due to its strategic geographical location that borders Australia and Timor-Leste. Drawing on my fieldwork in Kupang between October 2012 and October 2013, and my intermittent return to the region between January 2017 and February 2019, this article argues that labels for refugees evolve over time in response to the larger sociopolitical situation, but they are formed mostly to serve the interest of the host country rather than those of displaced people. Furthermore, while labelling displaced people as “refugees” has been effective in justifying funding and support, it can also lead to a manipulation of refugee status, and the marginalization and exclusion of refugees.

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