scholarly journals Comparative Health-Related Fatty Acid Profiles, Atherogenicity and Desaturase Indices of Marula Seed Cake Products from South Africa and Eswatini

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla Mthiyane ◽  
Arno Hugo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
South African ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Improve Health

Marula seed cake (MSC) is a nutritionally-rich natural feed resource that can enhance the healthiness of animal-derived foods (ADFs) for human consumption. This study compared the health-related fatty acid (FA) profiles of MSC products from South Africa and Eswatini. Composite samples monthly collected from both countries were analysed for FAs. MSC products from both countries were found to be dominated by oleic acid (>70%), followed by palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids. Consequently, both products had their FA totals dominated by ƩMUFA followed by ƩSFA, ƩPUFA, Ʃn-6 PUFA and Ʃn-3 PUFA. Both oleic and stearic acids were higher (P < 0.01) whilst linoleic (P < 0.001), α-linolenic (P < 0.05), margaric (P < 0.05), palmitoleic (P < 0.05) and eicosatrienoic (P < 0.05) acids were lower in South African in comparison to Eswatini MSC. Consequently, South African MSC had higher ƩMUFA (P < 0.01) but lower ƩPUFA (P < 0.001), Ʃn-6 PUFA (P < 0.001) and Ʃn-3 PUFA (P < 0.05). Also, Eswatini MSC had higher n-6 : n-3 PUFA, PUFA : SFA (P = 0.001) and PUFA : MUFA (P < 0.05) ratios. Further, MSC products from both countries had similarly (P > 0.05) low atherogenicity and high desaturase indices. In conclusion, both country products are rich particularly in oleic acid and their incorporation into farm animal diets would increase content of the MUFA in ADFs and, consequently, improve health benefits to human consumers.

scholarly journals Proximate and fatty acid composition of cooked South African Cape snoek (Thyrsites atun)

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suné S. Henning ◽  
Louwrens C. Hoffman ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
South African ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Cape snoek (Thyrsites atun) is an important source of protein for people in South Africa; however, nutritional information thereof is limited. The proximate and fatty acid compositions of raw and cooked (80 °C) snoek muscles were determined according to official AOAC methods. The mean moisture, ash, total lipids and protein for raw snoek were 72.8±1.86%, 1.3±0.09%, 4.0±1.16 and 21.5±1.35%, respectively. Cape snoek is very high in palmitic acid (24.65±1.43%), oleic acid (18.21±2.64%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 9.11±2.06%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 19.70±3.25%). With the exception of total lipids, cooking significantly reduced moisture (69.40±2.03%) and ash (1.12±0.12%), and increased protein (24.47±1.39%) content. It is concluded that Cape snoek is very high in protein and can be classified as a low-fat fish which is rich in EPA and DHA.

scholarly journals The Unique Lipidomic Signatures of Saccharina latissima Can Be Used to Pinpoint Their Geographic Origin

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. Monteiro ◽  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Tânia Melo ◽  
Ana S. P. Moreira ◽  
Jean-François Arbona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
The Uk

The aquaculture of macroalgae for human consumption and other high-end applications is experiencing unprecedented development in European countries, with the brown algae Saccharina latissima being the flag species. However, environmental conditions in open sea culture sites are often unique, which may impact the biochemical composition of cultured macroalgae. The present study compared the elemental compositions (CHNS), fatty acid profiles, and lipidomes of S. latissima originating from three distinct locations (France, Norway, and the United Kingdom). Significant differences were found in the elemental composition, with Norwegian samples displaying twice the lipid content of the others, and significantly less protein (2.6%, while French and UK samples contained 6.3% and 9.1%, respectively). The fatty acid profiles also differed considerably, with UK samples displaying a lower content of n-3 fatty acids (21.6%), resulting in a higher n-6/n-3 ratio. Regarding the lipidomic profile, samples from France were enriched in lyso lipids, while those from Norway displayed a particular signature of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylcholine. Samples from the UK featured higher levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and, in general, a lower content of galactolipids. These differences highlight the influence of site-specific environmental conditions in the shaping of macroalgae biochemical phenotypes and nutritional value. It is also important to highlight that differences recorded in the lipidome of S. latissima make it possible to pinpoint specific lipid species that are likely to represent origin biomarkers. This finding is relevant for future applications in the field of geographic origin traceability and food control.

Relationship between the unsaturated fatty acid profile of poultry meat and the volatile aldehydes produced by the meat

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
R.A. Gibbs ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Volatile Aldehydes

Enriching chicken meat with the very long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n-3 PUFA) 20:5 (EPA) and 22:6 (DHA) is a possible means of increasing the human consumption of these essential fatty acids as current levels of intake of these fatty acids are extremely low. However, a potential drawback of increasing the VLC n-3 PUFA content of chicken meat is that the oxidative stability of the meat is reduced. PUFA are more oxidatively unstable than monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids, and the aldehydes produced by the n-3 PUFA during autoxidation have a lower taste threshold, and are much more unpalatable, than the aldehydes associated with autoxidation of the n-6 series of PUFA. The objective of this study was to determine what relationship there was between the fatty acid profiles of chicken meat that had been enriched (by dietary means) with VLC n-3 PUFA and the volatile aldehydes that were produced by the meat after it had been cooked.

scholarly journals Meat quality and tissue fatty acid profiles in rabbits fed diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 552-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marounek ◽  
V. Skrivanova ◽  
A. Dokoupilova ◽  
M. Czauderna ◽  
A. Berladyn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Cla Isomers ◽  
Rabbit Meat

In this study the deposition of dietary CLA isomers in loin and hindleg meat, liver and fat, and the influence on performance and fatty acid (FA) profile were investigated in growing rabbits. CLA was supplied as synthetically produced oil at 5 and 10 g/kg diet for the whole fattening period (six weeks) or three weeks before the slaughter. CLA had no or limited effect on feed intake, growth, carcass traits and composition of meat. Treatment with CLA increased the proportion of saturated FA at the expense of monounsaturated FA in meat and liver. Supplementation of the diet with CLA increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) CLA in lipids of meat from < 1 mg/g FA up to 36 mg/g FA. Adipose and hepatic tissue incorporated the highest (44 mg/g FA) and the lowest (14 mg/g FA) amount of CLA, respectively. The concentration of CLA in tissue lipids increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) with increasing CLA content in the diet. Duration of CLA feeding had no effect on CLA deposition. Thus, dietary inclusion of CLA at higher concentration (10 g/kg) and feeding CLA-supplemented diet for a shorter period seems to be more suitable for production of CLA-containing rabbit meat. The ratio of the two most abundant isomers of CLA,<I> cis</I>-9, <I>trans</I>-11 and <I>trans</I>-10, <I>cis</I>-12 in tissues differed from that in the CLA-enriched diet. In all tissues the relative proportion of the former isomer was lower than in the diet. The experiment demonstrated that feeding synthetic CLA to rabbits is a means of enriching rabbit meat with CLA, which could provide a healthier product for human consumption.

scholarly journals Effects of Sowing Season on Agronomic Traits and Fatty Acid Metabolic Profiling in Three Brassica napus L. Cultivars

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Li ◽  
Lintao Wu ◽  
Guoliang Qiu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Chunhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Consumption

Decreasing saturated fatty acids and increasing monounsaturated fatty acids are desirable to improve oil for food. Seed oil content and fatty acid composition are affected by genotype and environment. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the agronomic traits and fatty acid metabolic profiling of Brassica napus (B. napus) seeds at different developmental stages in high level of oleic acid (HOA), medium level of oleic acid (MOA), and low level of oleic acid (LOA) B. napus cultivars, both sown in winter and summer. The results showed that all winter-sown cultivars produced 20% more seed yield than the summer-sown crop. The longer growing period of winter-sown B. napus resulted in higher biomass production. However, the fatty acid metabolism of individual cultivars was different between winter-sown rape (WAT) and summer-sown rape (SAT). The absolute fatty acid content of LOA and MOA cultivars in WAT were significantly higher than that in SAT, but that of HOA was opposite. Importantly, the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (18:1; 20:1) in SAT were far more than those in WAT. These data indicate the quality of oil from the HOA in SAT is more suitable for human consumption than that in WAT.

Differences in Development of Oleic and Linoleic Acid in High- and Normal-Oleic Virginia and Runner-Type Peanuts

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Klevorn ◽  
K.W. Hendrix ◽  
T.H. Sanders ◽  
L.L. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Oleic Acid Concentration

ABSTRACT A consistent, pure supply of high-oleic (HO) peanuts is important to certain segments of the food industry as it allows for the production of confections and other products with improved shelf-life characteristics. Peanut shellers have struggled with food industry demands for lots which contain greater than 95% high-oleic peanuts. Normal-oleic (NO) and HO cultivars of virginia and runner market type peanuts were grown during the 2012 and 2013 growing season respectively to investigate differences in fatty acid development between HO and NO peanuts. Fatty acid profiles of individual seeds from individual plants taken across the growing season were determined in relation to seed fresh weight. Fatty acid profiles of HO virginia-type seeds from the early sampling date of 78 days after planting (DAP) revealed oleic acid to linoleic acid ratios (O/L) of only 4.0 in the seeds of the greatest fresh weight. As the oleic acid concentration in many of the HO virginia-type peanuts reached 60 to 80% and the linoleic acid concentrations ranged from less than 1.0 to 10 % by the middle sampling date (106 DAP), the O/L ratios of most HO seeds were well above the industry accepted cut-off ratio of 9.0. A similar change in the fatty acids was seen in the HO runner cultivar. Increases in oleic acid and decreases in linoleic acid contents occurred in conjunction with the increased seed fresh weights. The data indicate that HO seed attain high-oleic status as physiological development progresses as seen in the changing seed fresh weight. However at the final sampling dates which corresponded to the harvest dates, O/L ratios of less than 9.0 were still present for the HO cultivars of both market types despite the fresh weight of some seeds being of potential marketable size. It was concluded that some of the perceived contamination of HO seed lots with NO seed could be the result of normal peanut development, especially in the virginia-type cultivar with the larger sized seeds.

Assessment of Food Safety Risks Associated with Preslaughter Activities during the Traditional Slaughter of Goats in Gauteng, South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
NENENE DANIEL QEKWANA ◽  
JAMES WABWIRE OGUTTU
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
South African ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The South ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Meat Safety ◽  
Safety Risks

The South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries estimated in 2012 that there were 2.033 million goats in the country. Of these animals, less than 0.5% are slaughtered at registered abattoirs. Although informal and traditional slaughter of goats for home consumption is permitted under the South African Meat Safety Act 40 of 2000, the responsibility for ensuring that products are safe is left to the traditional or ritual slaughter practitioners. The objective of the present study was to assess whether preslaughter activities associated with traditional or ritual slaughter promote or reduce food-associated risks and to recommend mitigation strategies for potential food safety hazards. Structured interviews were conducted with 105 selected respondents (in and around Tshwane, South Africa) who had been involved in traditional goat slaughter. Approximately 70% of goats slaughtered were obtained from sources that could be traced to ascertain the origin of the goats. None of the respondents were aware of the need for a health declaration for slaughter stock. Some slaughter practitioners (21%) perform prepurchase inspection of stock to ascertain their health status. However, this percentage is very small, and the approach is based on indigenous knowledge systems. The majority of respondents (67.6%) travelled 1 to 11 km to obtain a goat for traditional slaughter. Although approximately 70% of slaughter goats were transported by vehicles, the vehicles used did not meet the legal standard. More than two-thirds of goats were tied to a tree while waiting to be slaughtered, and the rest were held in a kraal. The holding period ranged from 1 to 72 h, but more than 70% of the animals were slaughtered within 36 h. This study revealed that traditional and ritual slaughter involves some preslaughter activities with potential to mitigate the risk of slaughtering animals that are not fit for human consumption. Such activities include prepurchase inspection, obtaining goats from known and traceable sources, and ensuring that animals have sufficient rest before slaughter. However, given the rudimentary nature of these activities, they may not offer adequate protection to consumers of such meat. The lack of understanding of the importance of a obtaining a health declaration certificate and minimizing stress in animals waiting to be slaughtered should be addressed to minimize the potential for propagation of foodborne diseases. The Meat Safety Act 40 of 2000 should be enforced where it applies and should be reviewed to provide guidelines that would help mitigate human health risks associated with traditional slaughter of goats.

Effect of agronomic inputs and crop rotation on biodiesel quality and fatty acid profiles of direct-seeded canola

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Harker ◽  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
C. J. Willenborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Biodiesel Quality ◽  
N Rates

Harker, K. N., O'Donovan, J. T., Blackshaw, R. E., Hall, L. M., Willenborg, C. J., Kutcher, H. R., Gan, Y., Lafond, G. P., May, W. E., Grant, C. A., Barthet, V., McDonald, T., Wispinski, D. and Hartman, M. 2013. Effect of agronomic inputs and crop rotation on biodiesel quality and fatty acid profiles of direct-seeded canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 577–588. A field study was conducted at eight sites in western Canada to determine the influence of agronomic inputs on fatty acid profiles and biodiesel quality of canola. Protein and chlorophyll concentration and fatty acid profiles were determined from seed samples at all sites. Oil was extracted from canola seed samples from three sites, converted to biodiesel, and subjected to standard protocols. Protein concentration increased at higher than recommended rates of nitrogen (N) and the higher canola seeding rate (150 seeds m−2) reduced chlorophyll levels in canola oil. All biodiesel samples fell below new oxidation stability tolerance levels (minimum 8 h). However, given the routine addition of commercial antioxidant additives, all biodiesel samples from this study were suitable for blending in middle distillate fuels. Cloud point values were lowest at normal N (1×) rates. Normal N rates increased stearic acid content, whereas high N rates (1.5×) increased gadoleic acid content. Low seeding rates (75 seeds m−2) increased palmitic acid content. The combination of normal N (1×) with a high seed rate (150 seeds m−2) increased oleic acid content. Conversely, the combination of high N (1.5×) with a low seed rate (75 seeds m−2) increased linolenic acid content. Gadoleic acid content increased in the continuous canola rotation versus the canola–wheat–canola rotation; similar trends were observed with palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acid. Oleic acid tended to be higher in canola rotated with wheat. Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) was predicted based on saturated fatty acid content. Usually, a high seeding rate (150 seeds m−2) combined with a normal N rate (1×) led to the most favourable (lowest) CFPP values. Low CFPP values were also associated with canola rotated with wheat compared with continuous canola production. Seeding rate, N, and crop rotation influenced protein and chlorophyll concentration, fatty acid profiles, cloud point, and CFPP.

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