scholarly journals The Unique Lipidomic Signatures of Saccharina latissima Can Be Used to Pinpoint Their Geographic Origin

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. Monteiro ◽  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Tânia Melo ◽  
Ana S. P. Moreira ◽  
Jean-François Arbona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
The Uk

The aquaculture of macroalgae for human consumption and other high-end applications is experiencing unprecedented development in European countries, with the brown algae Saccharina latissima being the flag species. However, environmental conditions in open sea culture sites are often unique, which may impact the biochemical composition of cultured macroalgae. The present study compared the elemental compositions (CHNS), fatty acid profiles, and lipidomes of S. latissima originating from three distinct locations (France, Norway, and the United Kingdom). Significant differences were found in the elemental composition, with Norwegian samples displaying twice the lipid content of the others, and significantly less protein (2.6%, while French and UK samples contained 6.3% and 9.1%, respectively). The fatty acid profiles also differed considerably, with UK samples displaying a lower content of n-3 fatty acids (21.6%), resulting in a higher n-6/n-3 ratio. Regarding the lipidomic profile, samples from France were enriched in lyso lipids, while those from Norway displayed a particular signature of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylcholine. Samples from the UK featured higher levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and, in general, a lower content of galactolipids. These differences highlight the influence of site-specific environmental conditions in the shaping of macroalgae biochemical phenotypes and nutritional value. It is also important to highlight that differences recorded in the lipidome of S. latissima make it possible to pinpoint specific lipid species that are likely to represent origin biomarkers. This finding is relevant for future applications in the field of geographic origin traceability and food control.

Lipid utilisation during storage of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis megidis from Greece and the UK

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hara Menti ◽  
Mavji Patel ◽  
Denis Wright ◽  
Roland Perry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Heterorhabditis Megidis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The total lipid (TL) content and the fatty acid composition of the different lipid classes in infective juveniles of Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis megidis isolates from Greece (GR) and from the United Kingdom (UK) were compared, and the changes during storage were determined. Steinernema feltiae GR had a greater amount of TL than S. feltiae UK, which was reflected in a greater neutral lipid (NL) content. The phospholipid and free fatty acid fractions of the two Steinernema populations were similar. The two Heterorhabditis populations did not differ in their lipid content. In both S. feltiae populations, NL decreased by ca 60% during the first 4 weeks but remained more or less stable during the next 16 weeks. In the two Heterorhabditis populations, NL decreased by ca 70% during the first 4 weeks and continued to decrease, with 3-5% remaining after 12 weeks. The fatty acid profiles and the percentages of saturation of NL and phospholipid fractions in each population were similar before and after storage.

Use of vegetable and arable by-products

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
G. H. Francis
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Market Pressures ◽  
By Products

In Agricultral Statistics, United Kingdom, 1974, the area of land devoted to vegetables grown in the open for human consumption is given as 187 500 ha. This amounted to some 4% of the tillage land in the UK, and along with similar areas of sugar beet and maincrop potatoes would appear to offer significant scope for the utilization of associated by-products as feed for livestock. The range of such crops produced in the UK is quite wide, but climatic and market pressures will influence actual cropping from year to year. Relevant details for the United Kingdom are set out in Table 1, and it will be seen that in 1974 England and Wales accounted for 95, 78 and 100%, respectively, of the areas of outdoor vegetables, maincrop potatoes and sugar beet grown in the UK. In the following, therefore, the discussion will be concentrated on the problems of production and distribution of vegetable and arable by-products. Similar problems of distribution will no doubt occur in other countries as well.

The public's opinion regarding the impact of equine passports on the industry

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
S. N. Turnbull ◽  
D. M. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The equine passport legislation is a comparatively new scheme that requires all horses to have a passport by 28th February 2005 (Defra, 2004). The equine passport is thought to have had a major impact on the industry in the United Kingdom, however the extent of this is, as yet, unknown due to the lack of current research. The UK Government hopes that the passport scheme will monitor horses that have been treated with medication and guarantee that they are not slaughtered for human consumption (Frank, 2003, Defra, 2004). Whilst the scheme originated from European food safety legislation (Ellis, 2003), the UK Government believes that there are other benefits attached to the equine passport, such as gaining comprehensive records about the equine population in the UK, which is crucial information required for epidemiological reasons (Mellor et al., 1999). The information will provide a denominator for the assessment of disease rates, and which areas of the country may be under threat.

Relationship between the unsaturated fatty acid profile of poultry meat and the volatile aldehydes produced by the meat

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
R.A. Gibbs ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Volatile Aldehydes

Enriching chicken meat with the very long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n-3 PUFA) 20:5 (EPA) and 22:6 (DHA) is a possible means of increasing the human consumption of these essential fatty acids as current levels of intake of these fatty acids are extremely low. However, a potential drawback of increasing the VLC n-3 PUFA content of chicken meat is that the oxidative stability of the meat is reduced. PUFA are more oxidatively unstable than monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids, and the aldehydes produced by the n-3 PUFA during autoxidation have a lower taste threshold, and are much more unpalatable, than the aldehydes associated with autoxidation of the n-6 series of PUFA. The objective of this study was to determine what relationship there was between the fatty acid profiles of chicken meat that had been enriched (by dietary means) with VLC n-3 PUFA and the volatile aldehydes that were produced by the meat after it had been cooked.

scholarly journals Meat quality and tissue fatty acid profiles in rabbits fed diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 552-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marounek ◽  
V. Skrivanova ◽  
A. Dokoupilova ◽  
M. Czauderna ◽  
A. Berladyn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Cla Isomers ◽  
Rabbit Meat

In this study the deposition of dietary CLA isomers in loin and hindleg meat, liver and fat, and the influence on performance and fatty acid (FA) profile were investigated in growing rabbits. CLA was supplied as synthetically produced oil at 5 and 10 g/kg diet for the whole fattening period (six weeks) or three weeks before the slaughter. CLA had no or limited effect on feed intake, growth, carcass traits and composition of meat. Treatment with CLA increased the proportion of saturated FA at the expense of monounsaturated FA in meat and liver. Supplementation of the diet with CLA increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) CLA in lipids of meat from < 1 mg/g FA up to 36 mg/g FA. Adipose and hepatic tissue incorporated the highest (44 mg/g FA) and the lowest (14 mg/g FA) amount of CLA, respectively. The concentration of CLA in tissue lipids increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) with increasing CLA content in the diet. Duration of CLA feeding had no effect on CLA deposition. Thus, dietary inclusion of CLA at higher concentration (10 g/kg) and feeding CLA-supplemented diet for a shorter period seems to be more suitable for production of CLA-containing rabbit meat. The ratio of the two most abundant isomers of CLA,<I> cis</I>-9, <I>trans</I>-11 and <I>trans</I>-10, <I>cis</I>-12 in tissues differed from that in the CLA-enriched diet. In all tissues the relative proportion of the former isomer was lower than in the diet. The experiment demonstrated that feeding synthetic CLA to rabbits is a means of enriching rabbit meat with CLA, which could provide a healthier product for human consumption.

scholarly journals Household food wastage in Britain

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wenlock ◽  
D. H. Buss ◽  
B. J. Derry ◽  
E. J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Total Food ◽  
The Family ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Storage Distribution ◽  
Food Wastage

1. The total food and drink available for human consumption in the United Kingdom would provide approximately 13 MJ (3100 kcal)/person per d, while the energy intake recommended for the population is approximately 9.6 MJ (2300 kcal)/person per d. A proportion of this substantial difference must be due to wastage in the home as well as in catering establishments and during the storage, distribution and processing of food.2. As part of a general investigation of this problem, a representative sample of 1000 British households was asked to collect all the potentially-edible food wasted in their homes during 1 week, and to keep a record of the food, other than commercial pet food, which they gave to pets and wild birds. A total of 672 households co-operated fully, 338 in summer and 334 in winter. Each food sample received was weighed, and its energy content was determined calorimetrically.3. Significantly more waste food was collected in summer than in winter, equivalent to 9.3 MJ (2220 kcal)/household per week and 7.1 MJ (1700 kcal)/household per week respectively. In terms of energy, cereals, fat and meat wastage predominated, while in terms of weight, milk was more important and fat less so.4. Considerable quantities of otherwise edible food were also given to pets and birds, accounting on average for a further 2.4 MJ (570 kcal) and 3.0 MJ (710 kcal)/household per week in summer and winter respectively. The energy content of all food wasted in the home therefore averaged 11.7 MJ (2790 kcal)/household per week in summer and 10.1 MJ (2410 kcal)/household per week in winter, equivalent to 0.6 MJ (150 kcal) and 0.5 MJ (130 kcal)/person per d respectively. This is less than one-quarter of the gap between food supplies and the amount of food thought to be eaten in the UK.5. Food wastage was significantly influenced by the composition of the family, with adults wasting more in absolute terms than children, and larger households wasting less per person than smaller households. However, with few exceptions, neither income nor geographical region significantly affected the total amount of food wasted in the home.6. When assessed against the expected usage of food in the home, wastage accounted on average for 6.5% of the energy intake in summer and 5.4% in winter.

scholarly journals Fatty acid patterns of the kelps Saccharina latissima, Saccorhiza polyschides and Laminaria ochroleuca: Influence of changing environmental conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Barbosa ◽  
Fátima Fernandes ◽  
David M. Pereira ◽  
Isabel C. Azevedo ◽  
Isabel Sousa-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Saccorhiza Polyschides ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Laminaria Ochroleuca

scholarly journals Comparative Health-Related Fatty Acid Profiles, Atherogenicity and Desaturase Indices of Marula Seed Cake Products from South Africa and Eswatini

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla Mthiyane ◽  
Arno Hugo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
South African ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Improve Health

Marula seed cake (MSC) is a nutritionally-rich natural feed resource that can enhance the healthiness of animal-derived foods (ADFs) for human consumption. This study compared the health-related fatty acid (FA) profiles of MSC products from South Africa and Eswatini. Composite samples monthly collected from both countries were analysed for FAs. MSC products from both countries were found to be dominated by oleic acid (&gt;70%), followed by palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids. Consequently, both products had their FA totals dominated by ƩMUFA followed by ƩSFA, ƩPUFA, Ʃn-6 PUFA and Ʃn-3 PUFA. Both oleic and stearic acids were higher (P &lt; 0.01) whilst linoleic (P &lt; 0.001), &alpha;-linolenic (P &lt; 0.05), margaric (P &lt; 0.05), palmitoleic (P &lt; 0.05) and eicosatrienoic (P &lt; 0.05) acids were lower in South African in comparison to Eswatini MSC. Consequently, South African MSC had higher ƩMUFA (P &lt; 0.01) but lower ƩPUFA (P &lt; 0.001), Ʃn-6 PUFA (P &lt; 0.001) and Ʃn-3 PUFA (P &lt; 0.05). Also, Eswatini MSC had higher n-6 : n-3 PUFA, PUFA : SFA (P = 0.001) and PUFA : MUFA (P &lt; 0.05) ratios. Further, MSC products from both countries had similarly (P &gt; 0.05) low atherogenicity and high desaturase indices. In conclusion, both country products are rich particularly in oleic acid and their incorporation into farm animal diets would increase content of the MUFA in ADFs and, consequently, improve health benefits to human consumers.

Review:Trans-forming beef to provide healthier fatty acid profiles

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dugan ◽  
Noelia Aldai ◽  
Jennifer Aalhus ◽  
David Rolland ◽  
John Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Trans Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acid Consumption ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

Dugan, M. E. R., Aldai, N., Aalhus, J. L., Rolland, D. C. and Kramer, J. K. G. 2011. Review: Trans- forming beef to provide healthier fatty acid profiles. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 545–556.Trans fatty acids are found naturally in foods, particularly in those derived from ruminant animals, such as beef and dairy cattle. Over the past few decades, human consumption of trans fatty acids has increased, but this has been mainly from products containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The correlation of trans fatty acid consumption with diseases such as coronary heart disease has been cause for concern, and led to recommendations to reduce their consumption. Trans fatty acids, however, have differing effects on human health. Therefore, in foods produced from ruminant animals, it is important to know their trans fatty acid composition, and how to enrich or deplete fatty acids that have positive or negative health effects. This review will cover the analysis of trans fatty acids in beef, their origin, how to manipulate their concentrations, and give a brief overview of their health effects.

By-products from the food and dairy industries

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
D. D. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Hog Production ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Dining Room ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

For the purpose of this paper I intend to include within the term ‘by-products’ all those materials that arise from the food industries which are not consumed by the human population of the United Kingdom. Some of these materials are not acceptable as part of the human diet, or, if acceptable, find no ready market. Other materials are inedible, perhaps by humans and other animals, but can be converted into acceptable food or feed whilst yet others which are edible and acceptable are wasted in processing, storage, transport, distribution and in the kitchen and dining room. It is impossible to give a figure for the annual amount of by-products and waste available but statistical evidence points to approximately 6 million tonnes of food, all of which is edible but not consumed. This figure does not include by-products which are not intended for human consumption such as abattoir wastes, whey and brewery wastes and cereal offals. The total figure is therefore larger and represents a considerable potential economic resource. (It must be observed however, that only a small fraction of these wastes and by-products can be economically utilized. Other speakers are dealing with animal slaughter, fish and cereal wastes and I will therefore give only passing attention to these materials.)About 40 million gallons of cheese whey are produced in the UK each year on the farm. Of this, about 12 million gallons are fed directly to pigs. Although it appears that heavy hog production and cheese making are often associated, disposal of whey on farm remains a problem, since the price fetched by whey may be only a quarter or less than the cost of transport. Disposal on land, where it can be useful as a fertilizer, can lead to pollution problems. Trials carried out by ADAS (Wolverhampton) on both beef and dairy cattle are promising. It has been shown that every kg of barley previously fed to dairy cattle can be replaced by 10 litres of whey at half the cost, making barley feed unnecessary. In diets for steers, calculations have shown that a litre of whey at 6% solids can replace 90g of compound for energy (Peacock, 1977).

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