scholarly journals Characteristics of the Supercell Cb Thunderstorm and Electrical Discharges on 19 August 2015, North Caucasus: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magomet Abshaev ◽  
Ali Abshaev ◽  
Andrey Sinkevich ◽  
Yuriy Mikhailovskiy ◽  
Viktor Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Electrical Discharges ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Maximum Reflectivity ◽  
Reflectivity Factor

The development of extremely powerful thunderstorm which took place on August 19, 2015 is discussed in this paper. High depth hail cloud originated on the Black Sea Coast and classified as a supercell as well as several weaker hailstorms passed more than 1000 km over Northern Caucasus of Russia, the Caspian Sea, and then invaded the territory of Kazakhstan. During more than 20 hours of existence this supercell produced heavy hail, rain, intense lightning discharges, gust and tornado which rarely occurs in the region. The study of the structure and characteristics of the thunderstorm during the formation of electrical discharges and their frequency were of particular interest. According to the forecast, development of convective clouds and separate thunderstorms were expected, though the powerful hail process was not expected due to small vertical temperature gradients and the absence of cold fronts. Supercell was tracked by 5 radars located in this area, which showed its right-hand development with clock-wise deviation from the leading stream on 40-50 degrees to the right and the resulting speed of propagation was about 60-85km/h. The maximum reflectivity factor exceeded value 75dBZ, top of the clouds reached 15-16km and the height of the hail core raised on 11.2km. The size of hailstones size on most of the hail path was 2–3cm, and at the peak of cloud development - 4–5cm. Maximum frequencies of cloud-to-ground flashes of negative and positive polarities reached 30-35min-1 and 60-70min-1 correspondingly, while frequency of cloud-to-cloud flashes was significantly higher and amounted up to 300-500min-1 at the peak of the supercell development. An important fact is that the maximum frequency of flashes of different types coincided in time, showing that the reason of all discharges is similar. Total current of the cloud-to-ground flashes of positive and negative polarities was almost identical in magnitude and differed by sign. It was 200-300 kiloampere at the peak of thunderstorm development. The minimum value of radiation temperature, measured by SEVIRI radiometer installed onboard of Meteosat-10 satellite in 10.8 μm channel, was near to -60ºC. The minimum temperature value on the top of the supercell was comparable to coupled radar and sounding data. The most intensive precipitation flux derived from radiometric measurements was about 22000m3/sec; at the same period radars assessments showed precipitation up to 550mm/h (mixed phase precipitation) and size of hail 4.5cm. The combined satellite-radar-lightning data analysis showed that radar derived characteristics of the supercell reached their maximums earlier than maximum in lightning activity. The highest correlation coefficient between radar and lightning characteristics of the supercell storm was found for pair maximum reflectivity and intensity of LF (0.55) and VHF (0.66) discharges. Estimations of relationship between hail size and lightning activity showed that with increasing hail size, thunderstorm activity increases for both cloud-to-ground and intracloud flashes (on the level 0.46 - 0.59). Analysis of doppler-polarimetric data showed strong inflow zone associated with tornado. Tornadic debris signature was manifested by radar reflectivity factor ZH > 60 dBZ, differential reflectivity ZDR > -1 dB, copolar cross-correlation coefficient ρHV < 0.6, and it was collocated with the tornado vortex signature. Doppler velocities in mesocyclone zone reached values -43 and +63 m/s. Prominent radar echo hook was identified in 1.5 km layer above the ground, while ZDR columns was relatively narrow (4–8 km wide) and not very deep (4.5 km).

scholarly journals NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Irina Gabsatarova ◽  
L. Koroletski ◽  
A. Sayapina ◽  
S. Bagaeva ◽  
Z. Adilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Digital Equipment

In 2014 a seismic network consisting of 60 stations, 57 of which were equipped with digital equipment, operated in the region. 1695 earthquakes and 63 explosions in industrial quarries were recorded within the region boundaries. In the settlements of the Caucasus, 21 earthquakes were felt. The maximum intensity did not exceed Imax=4 on the MSK-64 (SIS-17) scale. Such intensity was observed from earthquakes in the territories of Ingushetia–Chechnya and Azerbaijan. The aftershock process of the strong East Black Sea earthquake on December 23, 2012 (Мw=5.8) off the coast of Abkhazia continued. In 2014 about a hundred earthquakes with KP=5.3–9.5 were recorded. In the central part of Azov sea, two earthquakes with KP=9.9 and 7.4 were recorded in January and December. The earthquakes with intermediate depths in the Tersko-Caspian trough (Tersko-Sunzhenskaya zone) with КР> 9.5 were not recorded. Two strong earthquakes with KP=12 and intermediate depths occurred in the Kurin Depression of Azerbaijan and in the Caspian Sea. A swarm of weak earthquakes with КР=5.7–8.8 was recorded on December 13–15 in the Black Sea near Tuapse. In 2014 the most part of the earthquakes were recorded in the Tersko-Caspian and Kurin troughs, in the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus. According to the level of energy released, the seismicity of the territory of the North Caucasus in 2014 was characterized in accordance with the “SOUS-09” seismicity scale as “background average” for the observation period from 1962 to 2014.

scholarly journals INTERRELATION OF GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS CYCLIC VARIATIONS WITH THE TIDAL DEFORMATIONS ACTION ACCORDING TO THE NPEMFE OBSERVATIONAL DATA IN THE NORTH-CAUCASIAN SEISMOACTIVE REGION ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Н. Забирченко ◽  
Л.Л. Круткин
Keyword(s):  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Geophysical Fields ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic ◽  
Tidal Deformations ◽  
The Impact

В результате анализа многолетних рядов наблюдений за естественным импульсным электромагнитным полем Земли (ЕИЭМПЗ или ЭМИ) по сети из 10 регистраторов, расположенных от Черного до Каспийского моря в пределах сейсмоопасных районов Северо-Кавказского региона, выделены характерные особенности поведения суточных и сезонных вариаций геофизических полей. Проведен анализ взаимосвязи вариаций ЭМИ с воздействием лунно-солнечных приливных деформаций An analysis of long-term series of observations of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth in a network of 10 registrars, located on the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea within the seismic areas of the North Caucasus region, marked characteristic regional features of the behavior of diurnal and seasonal variations of geophysical fields. An analysis of the relationship of variations with the impact of lunisolar tidal deformation

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONS OF NATURAL PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF THE EARTH USING STATIONS NETWO RK OF NORTH CAUCASUS REGION. ISOLATION OF CHARACTERISTIC ANOMALY FORMS, THAT ARE PRECEDING SEISMICITY ACTIVATION OF THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN CAUCASUS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Н. Забирченко ◽  
С.С. Дьяконов
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

В результате анализа многолетних рядов наблюдений за естественным импульсным электромагнитным полем Земли (ЕИЭМПЗ) по сети из 10 регистраторов, расположенных от Черного до Каспийского моря в пределах сейсмоопасных районов Северо-Кавказского региона, выделены характерные образы аномалий, предваряющих сейсмические события с магнитудой более 4. Сделана попытка проанализировать взаимосвязь аномалий ЕИЭМПЗ с активизацией сейсмичности наиболее горячих сейсмических областей Центрального и Восточного Кавказа. An analysis of long-term series of observations of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth in a network of 10 registrars, located on the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea within the seismic areas of the North Caucasus region, marked characteristic regional features of the behavior of diurnal and seasonal variations of geophysical fields. Developed a method for detecting anomalies with the offset intensity seasonal background. Do an attempt to analyze the relationship anomalies with the activation of the hot seismic regions in Central and Eastern Caucasus

scholarly journals INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR COMPLEX ANALYSIS OF GEOPHYSICAL AND HGD–MONITORING «HGD–COMPLEX»

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Н. Забирченко
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes

а основании длительного опыта анализа многолетних рядов наблюдений за ГГД-полем, газогидро- химическими и геофизическими полями по региональной сети регистраторов, расположенных от Черного до Каспийского моря в пределах сейсмоопасных районов Северо-Кавказского региона, разработана, вне- дрена в эксплуатацию и постоянно модифицируется Информационная система для комплексного анализа данных мониторинга опасных эндогенных геологических процессов (ИС ГГД-Комплекс ). Based on long experience in the analysis of long-term series of observations of the hydrodynamic and geophysical fields on regional network, located on the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea, within the earthquake-prone areas of the North Caucasus region. Was developed, put into operation and is constantly modified the Information System for comprehensive analysis of the data of monitoring of hazardous endogenous geological processes (IS GGDComplex ).

scholarly journals SEASONAL CYCLIC VARIA TIONS IN THE GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS. ANALY SIS OF OBSERVA TIONS EIEMPZ ON THE STATIONS NETWORK OF THE NORTH-CAUCA SIAN REGION

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Н. Забирченко
Keyword(s):  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Geophysical Fields ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic ◽  
Varia Tions

В результате анализа многолетних рядов наблюдений за естественным импульсным электромагнит- ным полем Земли (ЕИЭМПЗ или ЭМИ) по сети из 10 регистраторов, расположенных от Черного до Ка- спийского моря в пределах сейсмоопасных районов Северо-Кавказского региона, выделены характерные региональные особенности поведения суточных и сезонных вариаций геофизических полей. Отработана методика выделения аномалий с учетом смещения интенсивности сезонного фона. An analysis of long-term series of observations of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth in a network of 10 registrars, located on the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea within the seismic areas of the North Caucasus region, marked characteristic regional features of the behavior of diurnal and seasonal variations of geophysical fields. Developed a method for detecting anomalies with the offset intensity seasonal background

Selection of china plum varieties (Prunus salicina lindl.) for use in modern plantings of the northern caucasus foothill zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
A. E. Dedova
Keyword(s):  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the results of two years of research (2018-2019) of the most important phonological phases of seasonal growth and development, biometric parameters, productivity and economic efficiency of new varieties of Chinese plum (P. salicina Lindl.) grown in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus in the Krymsk district of Krasnodar territory on a plot of the Krymsk experimental breeding station – branch of VIR. As a result of research, the varieties Angeleno, Black Star, Byron Gold, Black Amber, Larry Ann and Sun Gold were recommended for cultivation using intensive technologies.

Features seed the resumption of alpine maple

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Х.М. Хетагуров
Keyword(s):  
Setting Time ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Average Score ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Vegetative Origin ◽  
Upper Boundary

Кленовники Северного Кавказа – особый тип лесных формаций. Особенность проявляется не только в структуре фитоценозов, но и в способах самовозобновления. Объект исследования – чистые и смешанные кленовники в нескольких урочищах РСО-Алания. Объекты расположены в различных условиях горного рельефа и на разной высоте над уровнем моря, от 1100 до 1900 м. Целью исследования является установление особенностей семенного возобновления кленовников, произрастающих в верхнем поясе распространения лесов на Северном Кавказе. Для достижения поставленной цели устанавливали время цветения и созревания семян по вертикальным поясам распространения кленовников. Обилие цветения и средний балл плодоношения устанавливали по В.Г. Капперу. Биометрические характеристики семян определяли по урочищам в трех повторностях. Учет подроста проводили на круговых учетных площадках по 10 м2, в соответствии с методикой А.В. Грязькина. Установлено, что цветение клена Траутфеттера начинается 10–14 мая и заканчивается в третьей декаде мая. Семена начинают созревать к концу августа – к началу сентября. Сроки опадения семян растянуты. Часть семян попадает на почву до начала листопада, поэтому они оказываются погребенными под опадом. Такие семена быстро теряют всхожесть, выпревают. Другая часть опадает вместе с листьями. Третья категория семян (самые легкие) держатся на деревьях до декабря и даже до весны. Естественное возобновление клена семенами под пологом материнского древостоя сильно затруднено из-за мощного травяного покрова. В древостое с сомкнутым пологом доля цветущих и плодоносящих деревьев составляет 2–3%, а средний балл плодоношения составляет 1,3. Освещенность на поверхности почвы не превышает 100 люкс, т. е. составляет 0,2–0,3% от освещенности на открытом месте; на высоте 1,3 м (над травостоем) освещенность несколько выше – от 1,2 до 1,6 тыс. люкс. Под пологом древостоя преобладает подрост вегетативного происхождения. У верхней границы кленового леса подрост семенного происхождения встречается в окнах, прогалинах и на открытых местах в количестве 430–630 экз./га. По высоте преобладает крупный подрост 50–60%, доля мелкого – 10–20%. The maple stands of the North Caucasus – a special type of forest formations. The peculiarity is manifested not only in the structure of phytocoenoses, but also in the ways of self-renewing. Object of research – pure and mixed maple stands in some areas of North Ossetia-Alania. The properties are located in various mountainous terrain and at different heights above sea level from 1100 to 1900 m. The aim of the study is to establish the characteristics of the seed the resumption of the maple stands growing in the upper belt of forests spread in the Northern Caucasus. To achieve this goal setting time of flowering and ripening of seeds on vertical zones distribution dominated. The abundance of flowering and the average score of fruiting was established by V.G. Capper. Biometric characteristics of the seeds was determined by the tracts in three replicates. Accounting for the undergrowth was carried out on a circular experimental plots at 10 m2, in accordance with the method of A.V. Grashkin. It is established that the flowering maple Trautvetter begins may 10–14 and ends in the third week of may. Seeds begin to ripen by late August – early September. The timing of subsidence of the stretched seed. Some of the seeds falls to the ground before the leaves, so they are trapped under the litter. These seeds quickly lose their germination, vypivaet. The other part falls along with the leaves. The third category of seeds (the light) stay on the trees until December and even till spring. Natural regeneration of maple seeds under the canopy of parent stand is very difficult due to the strong grass cover. In forest stands with dense canopy, proportion of flowering and fruit-bearing trees is 2–3%, and the average score of fruiting is 1.3. The illumination on the surface of the soil does not exceed 100 Lux, i. e. 0.2–0.3% of the light in the open, at a height of 1.3 m (on grass) the lighting is slightly higher, from 1.2 to 1.6 thousand Suite. Under the canopy of the forest the undergrowth is dominated by vegetative origin. At the upper boundary of the maple forest, saplings of seed origin occurs in Windows, clearings and open places in the number 430–630 ind./ha. In height dominated by large undergrowth of 50–60%, the share of small – 10–20%.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LIGHTNING ACTIVITY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
M. V. Zharashuev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North

Statistical analysis of lightning activity in the North Caucasus and Stavropol Territory depending on orography is carried out. The statistical characteristics of lightning for the period 2009-2018 on the territory of 173056 km2 were analyzed.

The northern Black Sea and North Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valenina Mordvinceva ◽  
Sabine Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
Greek Colonization

This chapter surveys the Iron Age in the region extending from the western Black Sea to the North Caucasus. As in many parts of Europe, this was the first period in which written sources named peoples, places, and historical events. The Black Sea saw Greek colonization from the seventh century BC and its northern shore later became the homeland of the important Bosporan kingdom. For a long time, researchers sought to identify tribes named by authors such as Herodotus by archaeological means, but this ethno-deterministic perspective has come under critique. Publication of important new data from across the region now permits us to draw a more coherent picture of successive cultures and of interactions between different parts of this vast area, shedding new light both on local histories and on the role ‘The East’ played in the history of Iron Age Europe.

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