scholarly journals NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Irina Gabsatarova ◽  
L. Koroletski ◽  
A. Sayapina ◽  
S. Bagaeva ◽  
Z. Adilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Digital Equipment

In 2014 a seismic network consisting of 60 stations, 57 of which were equipped with digital equipment, operated in the region. 1695 earthquakes and 63 explosions in industrial quarries were recorded within the region boundaries. In the settlements of the Caucasus, 21 earthquakes were felt. The maximum intensity did not exceed Imax=4 on the MSK-64 (SIS-17) scale. Such intensity was observed from earthquakes in the territories of Ingushetia–Chechnya and Azerbaijan. The aftershock process of the strong East Black Sea earthquake on December 23, 2012 (Мw=5.8) off the coast of Abkhazia continued. In 2014 about a hundred earthquakes with KP=5.3–9.5 were recorded. In the central part of Azov sea, two earthquakes with KP=9.9 and 7.4 were recorded in January and December. The earthquakes with intermediate depths in the Tersko-Caspian trough (Tersko-Sunzhenskaya zone) with КР> 9.5 were not recorded. Two strong earthquakes with KP=12 and intermediate depths occurred in the Kurin Depression of Azerbaijan and in the Caspian Sea. A swarm of weak earthquakes with КР=5.7–8.8 was recorded on December 13–15 in the Black Sea near Tuapse. In 2014 the most part of the earthquakes were recorded in the Tersko-Caspian and Kurin troughs, in the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus. According to the level of energy released, the seismicity of the territory of the North Caucasus in 2014 was characterized in accordance with the “SOUS-09” seismicity scale as “background average” for the observation period from 1962 to 2014.

scholarly journals SEISMICITY of the NORTHERN CAUCASUS in 2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
I. Gabsatarova ◽  
L. Koroletski ◽  
L. Ivanova ◽  
A. Sayapina ◽  
S. Bagaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Network Capability ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Digital Equipment

Seismic monitoring in the region in 2015 was carried out by a seismic network consisting of 59 stations. Digital equipment was installed at all stations in the second half of the year. The network capability was assessed by the level of seismic noise at the stations: in most of the region, the network provided registration of an earthquake from КR7.0, in the central (including the Greater Sochi region) and eastern parts of the region – КR6.0, and in some local zones with КR5.5. 2,276 earthquakes were registered, 17 earthquakes were felt in the settlements of the Caucasus. The maximum intensity VII at MSK-64 (SSI-17) scale was noted from the earthquake in the territory of Azerbaijan. The earthquake on November 3, which occurred on the platform territory within the Stavropol arch, felt IV at MSK-64. The strongest earthquakes were recorded in the Terek-Caspian and Kura troughs and in the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus. The seismicity of the North Caucasus in 2015 in accordance with the seismicity scale "SOUS-09" was set as the "background average" for the observation period from 1962 to 2015.

scholarly journals NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Gabsatarov ◽  
L. Koroletski ◽  
E. Selivanova ◽  
E. Artyomova ◽  
O. Kamenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
The North ◽  
Weak Earthquakes ◽  
Digital Equipment

. It is reported that 59 seismic stations operated in the region in 2013. In the western and eastern parts of the region, new stations equipped with Russian digital equipment UGRA were opened: Aibga, Fisht, Karaman. The seismic network recorded 1941 earthquakes and 34 explosions in industrial quarries. 37 earthquakes were felt in the settlements of the Caucasus. The maximum shaking intensity, equal to Imax=6 on the MSK-64 scale, was felt during earthquakes on April 16 at 12h26m with КР=11.8 in the settlements of Kichi-Gamri, Mamaul, Myurego of Dagestan. Swarms of weak earthquakes with КР=4–8 were recorded in the Greater So-chi, Krasnaya Polyana areas, in Kabardino-Balkaria, and in the adjacent territory of Georgia in the area of Kazbek volcano. The area of manifestation of earthquakes with intermediate hypocenter depths, which previously belonged only to the Terek-Caspian trough (the territory of the Chechen Republic) along the diagonal Benoy-Eldarov suture zone, expanded in 2013 to the southeast and advanced under the structures of the Dagestan wedge. According to the level of seismic energy released, seismicity of the territory of the North Caucasus in 2013 characterized in accordance with the scale of the seismicity level as “background low” for the period of observations from 1962 to 2013. The strongest earthquakes occur in the connection zones of the main tectonic structures.

The northern Black Sea and North Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valenina Mordvinceva ◽  
Sabine Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
Greek Colonization

This chapter surveys the Iron Age in the region extending from the western Black Sea to the North Caucasus. As in many parts of Europe, this was the first period in which written sources named peoples, places, and historical events. The Black Sea saw Greek colonization from the seventh century BC and its northern shore later became the homeland of the important Bosporan kingdom. For a long time, researchers sought to identify tribes named by authors such as Herodotus by archaeological means, but this ethno-deterministic perspective has come under critique. Publication of important new data from across the region now permits us to draw a more coherent picture of successive cultures and of interactions between different parts of this vast area, shedding new light both on local histories and on the role ‘The East’ played in the history of Iron Age Europe.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF Sr DISTRIBUTION IN ROCKS AND SOILS OF GEOCHEMICAL LANDSCAPES OF THE BLACK SEA COAST OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
I.Y. Matasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sea Coast

The article considers the results of studying the features of Sr distribution in rocks of various ages and composition and soils of landscapes of the Black Sea coast of Russia (in the humus horizon and soil profile). The content of elements in the studied soils is compared with the regional background for the soils of the North Caucasus. A direct relationship between the content of the element in soils and underlying rocks, as well as the influence of technogenesis on the processes of accumulation and removal of the element in the soils of agricultural landscapes, has been revealed. The results of a comprehensive study of the south of Russia became the basis for studying the peculiarities of the distribution of Sr landscapes of the Black Sea coast of Russia. To establish the main parameters of the distribution of chemical elements in rocks and soils of various landscapes and the region as a whole, to identify geochemical features of geographical and technogenic differentiation, to assess the impact of various types of environmental management on changes in the geochemical spectrum of soils, to determine the influence of landscape-forming factors on the migration of chemical elements and the formation of geochemical barriers. The highest concentration of Sr was observed in carbonate-terrigenous rocks of the Paleogene and Cretaceous ages (marls and limestones). In the humus horizon of soils, the average metal concentrations vary in the range from 13.0∙10–3 to 95.0∙10–3 % with a regional clark of 22.0∙10–3 %.

scholarly journals Этнография Кавказа и культурное наследие Великого Шелкового пути

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North

В статье исследуется связь объектной зоны этнографической науки, народной традиционной культуры и историко-культурного наследия как формы современной актуализации культуры прошлого. В качестве модели этнографического изучения культурного наследия рассматриваются последствия для региональной культуры народов Северного Кавказа деятельности местной трассы Великого шелкового пути самой крупной евразийской трассы эпохи Древности и Средневековья. Основой подхода является представление региональных участков трасс великих путей Евразии как культургеоценозов, сложение культурного наследия в которых имеет как местные корни, так и последствия их включения в большой культургеоценоз Великого шелкового пути. В пределах региональной культуры народов Северного Кавказа такими культургеоценозами признаются части ареалов шелководства и шелкоткачества на Кавказе и крупные ареалы высокогорья (область башенных памятников Большого Кавказа) и предгорий Северного Кавказа (районы, входившие в социально-политическое пространство Великой Черкесии).The article discusses the relationship between folk traditional culture and historical and cultural heritage as a form of contemporary actualization of the culture of the past. The results of the activities of the local route of the Great Silk Road for the regional culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus are regarded as a model for an ethnographic study of cultural heritage. The basis of the approach is the presentation of regional sections of the routes of the great roads of Eurasia as culture geocenoses. The formation of cultural heritage in such culture geocenoses has both local roots and consequences of their inclusion in the large culture geocenosis of the Great Silk Road. Within the regional culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus such geocenoses are parts of the silkgrowing and silkweaving areas of the Caucasus, large areas of high mountains (the area of handicraft sites of mountainous Dagestan and the area of tower monuments of the Greater Caucasus) and the foothills of the North Caucasus (areas included in the sociopolitical space of Great Circassia). Sericulture in the northern part of the Caucasus was the occupation of the population of the forested foothills of the Greater Caucasus, but at the end of the 19th century the population of West Adyg and Abkhaz lands were excluded from this occupation. From the Caspian Sea to Kabarda, inclusive, the craft of weaving womens shawls with silk threads was spread. Printed fabrics and patterned textile materials came to the North Caucasus from the South Caucasian urban centers mainly located near the Caspian Sea. At the same time, part of the population of the region of the NorthEastern Caucasus steadily specialized in the production of silkworm eggs. The internal roads of Dagestan associated with the route of the Great Silk Road have played a historic role in the promotion of stimulating cultural impulses into the economic life of the highlanders. This may explain the concentration of settlements in mountainous Dagestan, whose population specialized in various types of artistic craft. Indirect evidence of the involvement of internal Dagestan in the channels of distribution and accumulation of samples of imported silk in the Caucasus is the socalled phenomenon Kaytag embroidery. The formation of the area of North Caucasian towers is associated with climatic and political changes in the region, characteristic of the final period of its inclusion in the section of the Great Silk Road. The article makes an assumption about the dependence of the genesis of the socioeconomic specifics of Great Circassia on the need to preserve the previous trade relations in the era that followed the cessation of the functioning of the Great Silk Road in the Caucasus.

scholarly journals INTERRELATION OF GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS CYCLIC VARIATIONS WITH THE TIDAL DEFORMATIONS ACTION ACCORDING TO THE NPEMFE OBSERVATIONAL DATA IN THE NORTH-CAUCASIAN SEISMOACTIVE REGION ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Н. Забирченко ◽  
Л.Л. Круткин
Keyword(s):  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Geophysical Fields ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic ◽  
Tidal Deformations ◽  
The Impact

В результате анализа многолетних рядов наблюдений за естественным импульсным электромагнитным полем Земли (ЕИЭМПЗ или ЭМИ) по сети из 10 регистраторов, расположенных от Черного до Каспийского моря в пределах сейсмоопасных районов Северо-Кавказского региона, выделены характерные особенности поведения суточных и сезонных вариаций геофизических полей. Проведен анализ взаимосвязи вариаций ЭМИ с воздействием лунно-солнечных приливных деформаций An analysis of long-term series of observations of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth in a network of 10 registrars, located on the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea within the seismic areas of the North Caucasus region, marked characteristic regional features of the behavior of diurnal and seasonal variations of geophysical fields. An analysis of the relationship of variations with the impact of lunisolar tidal deformation

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONS OF NATURAL PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF THE EARTH USING STATIONS NETWO RK OF NORTH CAUCASUS REGION. ISOLATION OF CHARACTERISTIC ANOMALY FORMS, THAT ARE PRECEDING SEISMICITY ACTIVATION OF THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN CAUCASUS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Н. Забирченко ◽  
С.С. Дьяконов
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

В результате анализа многолетних рядов наблюдений за естественным импульсным электромагнитным полем Земли (ЕИЭМПЗ) по сети из 10 регистраторов, расположенных от Черного до Каспийского моря в пределах сейсмоопасных районов Северо-Кавказского региона, выделены характерные образы аномалий, предваряющих сейсмические события с магнитудой более 4. Сделана попытка проанализировать взаимосвязь аномалий ЕИЭМПЗ с активизацией сейсмичности наиболее горячих сейсмических областей Центрального и Восточного Кавказа. An analysis of long-term series of observations of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth in a network of 10 registrars, located on the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea within the seismic areas of the North Caucasus region, marked characteristic regional features of the behavior of diurnal and seasonal variations of geophysical fields. Developed a method for detecting anomalies with the offset intensity seasonal background. Do an attempt to analyze the relationship anomalies with the activation of the hot seismic regions in Central and Eastern Caucasus

scholarly journals Mantle earthquakes in the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
V. Burmin ◽  
O. Kendzera ◽  
L. Shumlianska ◽  
T. Amashukeli
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Deep Earthquakes ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Mantle Earthquakes

The question of the existence of foci of deep earthquakes in the region of the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus is extremely important from the point of view of the geodynamics of the region. Previously it was thought that only crustal earthquakes could occur in this region. Recently, results have been obtained that show that earthquakes with depths of at least 300 km occur in this region. The article discusses the question of how plausible these results are and why they were not obtained earlier. Seven specific examples of the ambiguous determination of the depth of earthquake hypocenters in the Crimea-Black Sea-Caucasus region are considered. These examples clearly show that determining the coordinates of earthquake hypocenters using algorithms based on the Geiger method does not allow one to uniquely determine the depth of the hypocenters. The article gives an idea of the authors about the origin of mantle earthquakes in the Caucasian and Crimean-Black Sea regions. For the Caucasus region, mantle earthquakes are associated with two reasons: submersion of the lithospheric layer; in the asthenospheric layer, represented in the seismotomographic sections by a low-velocity anomaly, the nature of earthquake foci is associated with fluids formed during phase transition reactions. In the Crimean-Black Sea region, earthquake foci are located in the lithosphere layer, and the sliding of the lithosphere along the less viscous underlying layer of the upper mantle causes tectonic movements in the lithosphere accompanied by earthquakes. In addition, to determine the coordinates of the hypocenters of the Crimean and Caucasian earthquakes during routine processing, hodographs were used for depths not exceeding 35 km for the Crimea and 50 km for the Caucasus and 150 for the North Caucasus. This circumstance is the main reason why deep earthquakes could not be detected.

Turkish northern Caucasus foreign policy impact Russian national security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Shangaraev ◽  
Aidamir Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The North

Turkey offers itself to be a regional leader for the Middle East, North Africa, partly for the Balkans and the Caucasus, while pursuing its own interests, not least economic ones. Turkey's foreign policy activation, and not only in the South, but also in the North Caucasus, is probably intended to create an additional platform for foreign policy bargaining with Moscow on issues of interest to Ankara. When analyzing the foreign policy of Turkey during the rule of the ruling Justice and Development Party, of course, you need to pay special attention to the foreign policy concept of neo-Ottomanism, the architect of which is Ahmet Davutoglu. The developed new approach "strategic depth" means that for Turkish diplomacy, Turkey's deep historical and cultural roots in the Balkans, the Middle East, the Greater Caucasus and Central Asia (former territories of the Ottoman Empire) are more important than the existing state borders. The pragmatism of Ankara's foreign policy is also manifested in a sober assessment of the popularity in the Caucasus of such ideas as Great Turan (a pan-Turkic project of a single state for all ethnic Turks) and neo-Ottomanism. For Caucasians, the times of the rule of the Ottoman Empire are the golden age of prosperity. Turanism is more aimed at awakening "kindred feelings" based on the common Turkic heritage. "They are implementing practical humanitarian projects, identifying leaders of public opinion who are ready to cooperate. Ankara is pursuing a policy of small steps in order to change the social and cultural image of the region in the long term. In general, Turkish leader is confident that due to historical reasons and the realities of modern politics The Caucasus is a zone of direct strategic interests of Turkey. Ankara, relying on the support of the United States and NATO, takes an active part in most regional political and economic projects, actively intervenes in the affairs of the Middle East, South Caucasus, Central Asian and North African regions, tries to strengthen its role beyond their borders, which often overlaps with the national interests of Russia.

scholarly journals Ichthyoplankton of The Shelf and Deep Water Areas of the North and Northeast of the Black Sea in The Spring Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Tatyana Klimova ◽  
Irina Vdodovich ◽  
Polina Podrezova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Water Species

This paper is focused on the ichthyoplankton species composition and spatial distribution in the Black sea shelf zone and the deepwater regions off Crimean Peninsula and coast of the Caucasus during the spring hydrological season. Recent changes in the hydrological regime of the Black sea induced by the climate warming have led to an extension of the active and productive spawning of the dominant temperate-water species Sprattus sprattus until the end of the spring hydrological season. An intensive spawning of sprat was detected in March, April and May 2016, 2017 and 2019, which was confirmed by a predominance of younger age group larvae. The maximum number of eggs reached 224 ind./m2 , and the larvae - 116 ind./m2. The wide size range of larvae as well as the low proportion of larvae with empty guts evidenced a favorable fodder base for their survival. The reduction in the age and sizeweight composition of sprat stock in the Black sea observed since 2016 as a result of an increase in its commercial fishing on the shelf of the Crimean Peninsula, did not affect sprat’ spawning activity.

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