scholarly journals How Could Sustainable Agriculture Increase Climate Resilience? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami ◽  
André Daccache ◽  
Maroun El Moujabber
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Cycle Basis ◽  
Climate Resilience

In the last few decades, a lot has been written on the use of sustainable agriculture to improve ecosystem services for resilience to climate change. However, no tangible and systematic evidence exists on how this would participate in alleviating impacts on vulnerable rural communities. This paper provides a narrative systematic review (SR) integrated with a bibliometric analysis and a concept network analysis to understand how, in a changing climate, sustainable agriculture builds the resilience of agro-systems. The search was set from the date of the first relevant article until the end of 2018. Results generated have demonstrated that: a. Only single practices and methods have been studied to assess impacts on single ecosystem services. b. Soil quality and health are considered a key indicator of sustainable agriculture. c. Albeit the assessed practices and methods have shown to improve the biodiversity of agro-systems, which makes them more resilient to extreme climate events, we are still far from reaching interdisciplinary and multi-dimensional agriculture which integrates all management aspects and generates a full range of ecosystem services. In conclusion, the study addressed the following recommendations for the scientific community and for decision-makers to orient future research strategies and efforts: a. Integration of all agro-systems services into sustainable management using an ecosystem-based approach on a life-cycle basis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method; b. Improving the scientific understanding of traditional knowledge for higher synergies and for further integration; c. Unification of assessment methods and indicators for the quantification of impacts; d. Creation of a platform to share, monitor, screen, and approve assessments and evaluations of sustainable agriculture by region.

scholarly journals How Can Sustainable Agriculture Increase Climate Resilience? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami ◽  
André Daccache ◽  
Maroun El Moujabber
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Cycle Basis ◽  
Climate Resilience

In the last few decades, a great deal has been written on the use of sustainable agriculture to improve the resilience of ecosystem services to climate change. However, no tangible and systematic evidence exists on how this agriculture would participate in alleviating impacts on vulnerable rural communities. This paper provides a narrative systematic review (SR) integrated with a bibliometric analysis and a concept network analysis to determine how, in this changing climate, sustainable agriculture can increase the resilience of agrosystems. Our search ranged from the date of the first relevant article until the end of 2018. The results generated demonstrated the following: (a) Only single practices and methods have been studied to assess the impacts on single ecosystem services; (b) Soil quality and health are considered a key indicator of sustainable agriculture; (c) Although the assessed practices and methods were shown to improve the biodiversity of agrosystems, which makes them more resilient to extreme climate events, we are still far from developing interdisciplinary and multidimensional agriculture that integrates all management aspects and generates a full range of ecosystem services. In conclusion, this study addressed the following recommendations for the scientific community and policymakers to orient future research strategies and efforts: (a) The integration of all agrosystem services into sustainable management using an ecosystem-based approach on a life-cycle basis using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method; (b) Improving the scientific understanding of traditional knowledge to facilitate greater synergy and further integration; (c) The unification of assessment methods and indicators for the quantification of impacts; (d) The creation of a platform to share, monitor, screen, and approve assessments and evaluations of sustainable agriculture by region.

scholarly journals How Can Sustainable Agriculture Increase Climate Resilience? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Relevant Article ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Climate Resilience

In the last few decades, a great deal has been written on the use of sustainable agriculture to improve the resilience of ecosystem services to climate change. However, no tangible and systematic evidence exists on how this agriculture would participate in alleviating impacts on vulnerable rural communities. This paper provides a narrative systematic review (SR) integrated with a bibliometric analysis and a concept network analysis to determine how, in this changing climate, sustainable agriculture can increase the resilience of agrosystems. Our search ranged from the date of the first relevant article until the end of 2018.

scholarly journals Research on ecosystem services in Brazil: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilia Maria Parron ◽  
Elaine Cristina Cardoso Fidalgo ◽  
Alessandra Polli Luz ◽  
Monica Matoso Campanha ◽  
Ana Paula Dias Turetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Graduate Courses ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring ◽  
Hydrological Services

Studies using the ‘ecosystem services’ (ES) approach developed in Brazil based on the framework of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), and range from quantitative and qualitative evaluation to the development of economic instruments for payment for ecosystem services (PES) or compensation for their maintenance, mainly for hydrological services. In order to summarize current knowledge regarding ES, the structure for teaching in ES, and also to provide a basis for future research in Brazil, we carried out a systematic review of publications on ES and a study on the availability of undergraduate and graduate courses related to ES. We found 282 publications for the 2006-2017 period, which included peer-reviewed articles, books, book chapters, theses, dissertations, articles in annals and technical publications. We identified current knowledge, knowledge gaps and trends in ES researches that may guide surveys and scenario analyses for future studies, in different biomes and regions of the country. Atlantic Forest and Amazon are the most-studied biome. Most of the studies were related to the evaluation of different types of ES and to the development of methodologies for their evaluation and monitoring.  The most common ES are related to biodiversity, carbon sequestration and water.

A review of the infectious agents, parasites, pathogens and commensals of European cockles (Cerastoderma eduleandC. glaucum)

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Longshaw ◽  
Shelagh K. Malham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Cerastoderma Edule ◽  
Cerastoderma Glaucum ◽  
Burrowing Behaviour ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Population Effects

A systematic review of the parasites, pathogens and commensals of the edible cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and of the lagoon cockle (Cerastoderma glaucum) has been completed. A total of 59 different conditions have been reported throughout the range of both of these hosts; of these 50 have been reported in edible cockles, and 28 in lagoon cockles. Cockles are hosts to viruses, bacteria, fungi (including Microsporidia), Apicomplexa, Amoeba, Ciliophora, Perkinsozoa, Haplosporidia, Cercozoa, Turbellaria, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Crustacea and Nemertea. A number of these have been reported sporadically although they may be associated with mortalities. In particular, mortalities have been associated predominately with digeneans and some protistan infections. In many cases pathology is marked in affected animals and parasites have been shown to reduce fecundity, alter burrowing behaviour and limit growth. This review provides information on the individual and population effects of these conditions as well as providing suggestions for future research. In particular, there has been a lack of taxonomic rigour applied to many studies and as a result there are a number of erroneous host records. There is a need to re-describe a number of parasite species and to determine the life cycle of those considered to be important mortality drivers.

scholarly journals The use of teledermoscopy in the accurate identification of cancerous skin lesions in the adult population: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy F Bruce ◽  
Jennifer A Mallow ◽  
Laurie A Theeke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background The use of teledermoscopy in the diagnostic management of pre-cancerous and cancerous skin lesions involves digital dermoscopic images transmitted over telecommunication networks via email or web applications. Teledermoscopy may improve the accuracy in clinical diagnoses of melanoma skin cancer if integrated into electronic medical records and made available to rural communities, potentially leading to decreased morbidity and mortality. Objective and method The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of evidence on the use of teledermoscopy to improve the accuracy of skin lesion identification in adult populations. The PRISMA method guided the development of this systematic review. A total of seven scholarly databases were searched for articles published between the years of 2000 and 2015. All studies were critically appraised using the Rosswurm and Larrabee critique worksheet, placed in a matrix for comparison evaluating internal and external validity and inspected for homogeneity of findings. Results Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria for this review. A majority of the studies were cross-sectional and non-experimental. Ten of the 16 focused on interobserver concordance and diagnostic agreement between teledermoscopy and another comparator. Instrumentation in conducting the studies showed inconsistency with reported results. Discussion Higher level evidence is needed to support clinical application of teledermoscopy for accuracy of diagnostic measurement in the treatment of pre-cancerous and cancerous skin lesions in adults. Future research is needed to develop a standardized, reliable and valid measurement tool for implementation in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Measurement of Benefits in Economic Analyses of Nutrition-Specific and -Sensitive Programs: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 927-927
Author(s):  
Jolene Wun ◽  
Carol Levin ◽  
Christopher Kemp ◽  
Devon Bushnell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutrition Disorders

Abstract Objectives Improved methods for measuring and valuing the full range of benefits for multi-sector nutrition programs is needed to demonstrate their overall impact and strengthen use of economic evaluation evidence. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the range of benefits measured in economic evaluations of nutrition programs. Methods A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed cost-benefit, -effectiveness, or -utility studies of nutrition programs in low- and middle-income countries from 2010 and after. The nutrition interventions searched for were selected from the Scaling Up Nutrition United Nations Network's Compendium of Actions for Nutrition and categorized into four sectors (food/agriculture, health, social protection, and water/sanitation) to identify variation across disciplines. For each study, two reviewers assessed the types of economic analysis and benefits included in the comparison of costs and outcomes. Results A total of 64 studies comparing costs and benefits were identified. These studies assessed 39 types of nutrition interventions (out of 79 considered), and most commonly were within the health sector (45%), followed by food/agriculture (27%). Eight studies (13%) assessed programs across more than one sector. 38% of the studies conducted cost-utility analyses (calculated cost per disability- or quality-adjusted life year), 58% calculated cost-effectiveness (cost per any other outcome), and 34% calculated cost-benefit analyses (converted all benefits to monetary values to compare with program costs). In terms of types of benefits measured, the majority of studies focused on nutrition disorders and associated morbidity as their main outcome, while food consumption and other nutrition-related practices were relatively rare (less than 5%). Several studies included cost savings from improved nutrition, including both direct costs (e.g., health system and out-of-pocket costs for treating nutrition disorders) and indirect costs (lost productive time due to illness). Conclusions Economic evaluations do not yet exist for a wide range of recommended nutrition actions, and future research should work to address these gaps. In doing so, special consideration should be given to incorporating benefits beyond reduction of nutrition disorders. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals The Use of Life Cycle-Based Approaches in the Food Service Sector to Improve Sustainability: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berill Takacs ◽  
Aiduan Borrion
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Life Cycle Thinking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Impact Reduction

With the prevalence of eating out increasing, the food service sector has an increasing role in accelerating the transition towards more sustainable and healthy food systems. While life cycle-based approaches are recommended to be used as reference methods for assessing the environmental sustainability of food systems and supply chains, their application in the food service sector is still relatively scarce. In this study, a systematic review was conducted to examine the use and effectiveness of life-cycle based interventions in improving the sustainability of food services. This review found that life-cycle based approaches are not only useful for identifying hotspots for impact reduction, but also for comparing the performance of different sustainability interventions. In particular, interventions targeting the production phase, such as promoting dietary change through menu planning in which high-impact ingredients (e.g., animal products) are replaced with low-impact ingredients (e.g., plant foods), had the highest improvement potential. Interventions targeting other phases of the catering supply chain (e.g., food storage, meal preparation, waste management) had considerably lower improvement potentials. This review article provides valuable insights on how the sustainability of the food service sector can be improved without the burden shifting of impacts, which interventions to prioritise, and where knowledge gaps in research exist. A key recommendation for future research is to focus on combined life cycle thinking approaches that are capable of addressing sustainability holistically in the food service sector by integrating and assessing the environmental, social and economic dimensions of interventions.

scholarly journals Hotspots of biodiversity and ecosystem services: the Outermost Regions and Overseas Countries and Territories of the European Union

One Ecosystem ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e24719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Maren Sieber ◽  
Paulo Borges ◽  
Benjamin Burkhard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
Research And Policy

The obligations of the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 create a need for mapping and assessment of the state of biodiversity, ecosystems and their services in all European member states. Europe’s nine Outermost Regions (ORs) and 25 Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) are mainly islands, scattered around the globe. These territories contain unique flora and fauna and encompass diverse ecosystems, from coral reefs to rainforests. These highly diverse ecosystems provide multiple relevant ecosystem services from local to global scale. To date, the ecosystem services concept has so far received little attention in European ORs and OCTs. Therefore, our aims were (1) to analyse the current state of ecosystem services mapping and assessment in Europe’s overseas territories, (2) to identify knowledge gaps in the context of ecosystem service research and application and (3) to provide recommendations for future research and policy directions to fill these gaps. We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature for each of the ORs and OCTs, screening 1030 publications. The analysis resulted in 161 publications referring to ES mapping and assessment, of which most were conducted in the European Caribbean (31%) and Pacific (21%) territories. Results show that many ORs and OCTs are still blank spots in terms of ecosystem service mapping and assessment and that, despite many biodiversity studies referring to species’ abundance, little has been published on ecosystem services. Our systematic review highlights theknowledge lacking on dealing with invasive species, which pose major threats to native island biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem services. Further, it discusses knowledge gaps in (1) translation of information on island biodiversity and ecosystem functions into ES; (2) geographical coverage of mapping studies in most ORs and OCTs; (3) the lack of standardised approaches and integrated assessments to map, assess and value ecosystem services. Based on these results, future research and policy priorities could be adapted in order to focus on filling these gaps. To overcome current environmental policy challenges, it is crucial to address the ongoing decline in biodiversity, rising climatic and anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems and to maintain a sustainable ES flow to safeguard human well-being. Ultimately, ES mapping and assessment efforts will form the knowledge base for well-informed decision-making to protect Europe’s vulnerable overseas areas.

Pediatric End-of-Life Care in Rural America: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110642
Author(s):  
Whitney Stone ◽  
Jessica Keim-Malpass ◽  
Melanie J. Cozad ◽  
Mary Lou Clark Fornehed ◽  
Lisa C. Lindley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Rural America

Background: Families increasingly desire to bring their children home from the acute care setting at end of life. This transition includes home to rural or remote areas. Little is known about the end-of-life care for children who reside in rural areas. Objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review and summarize the evidence regarding end-of-life care for children living in rural areas, identify key findings and gaps in the literature, and make recommendations for future research. Methods: A systematic review was conducted from 2011 to 2021 using MEDLINE and CINAHL databases. Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Key themes from the literature included: barriers, facilitators, and needs. Three articles identified barriers to end-of-life care for children in rural communities, which included access to end-of-life care and clinicians trained to provide pediatric care. Three studies identified and evaluated the facilitators of end-of-life care for rural children. The articles identified technology and additional training as facilitators. Four studies reported on the needs of rural children for end-of-life care with serious illness. Conclusions: We found major barriers and unmet needs in the delivery of rural pediatric end-of-life care. A few facilitators in delivery of this type of care were explored. Overall research in this area was sparse. Future studies should focus on understanding the complexities associated with delivery of pediatric end-of-life care in rural areas.

A Systematic Review of the Association Between Psychological Stress and Dementia Risk in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-352
Author(s):  
Kimberley E. Stuart ◽  
Christine Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Confounding Adjustment

Background: It has been estimated that one third of dementia cases may be preventable through modifiable lifestyle interventions. Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between stressful life events and aging-related cognitive decline and dementia; however, inherent methodological limitations in examining subjective and biological measures of stress separately leads to interpretive constraints. Objective: The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of the research literature investigating the effect of perceived and biological measures of stress on dementia risk. Methods: A systematic review was conducted of cohort, case-control, longitudinal prospective or retrospective studies examining the association between stress and risk of developing dementia. Studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception to February 2020. Results: Overall, 22 studies were identified including a total of 496,556 participants, approximately 50% were females, with sample sizes ranging from 62–270,977. There was considerable heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of stress. Most of the identified studies reported a significant positive association between stress and dementia risk. Conclusion: Evidenced from the current review is that personality traits linked to increased perceived stress and elevated reported perceived stress, are associated with greater statistical risk for dementia. However, this review highlights that caution must be exhibited in interpreting these findings, as methodological issues with confounding adjustment may mediate these results. Future research should focus on the investigation of stress on dementia risk with a full range of confounding adjustment, and on biological measures of stress.

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