scholarly journals Revealing Anti-viral Potential of Bio-active Therapeutics Targeting SARS-CoV2- polymerase (RdRp) in Combating COVID-19: Molecular Investigation on Indian Traditional Medicines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanasekaran Sivaraman ◽  
Puspharaj selvadoss Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Clinical Recommendation

Spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) made a historic transition between December 2019 to March 2020. In the present scenario SARS-CoV-2 as becomes a major burden on public health and economic stability of societies around the globe. From the substantial evidences gained from the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), scientists and clinicians strongly believes that these pathogenic viruses share common homology of some biologically active enzymes which includes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro) etc. RdRP relatively grabs higher level of clinical importance in comparison with other enzyme target. Indian system of traditional medicine pioneering the therapy towards infectious disease since several centuries. In view of this potential therapeutic leads from some of the Indian medicines along with standard drug favipiravir subjected to docking investigation targeting SARS-CoV-2- RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Residual proximity analysis reveals 18 out of 28 compounds reveals potential binding affinity of about 100% with the target amino acid residue (618 ASP, 760 ASP,761 ASP), 7 out of 28 reveals 75% binding efficacy and 3 out of 28 reveals 25% binding efficacy with that of the target residue. Hence further clinical validation may be warranted with proper in-vitro and in-vivo studies prior to the clinical recommendation in treating COVID-19 patient’s.

Potential Inhibition of COVID-19 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase by Hepatitis C Virus Non-nucleoside Inhibitors: An In-silico Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Siew Choong ◽  
Theam Soon Lim ◽  
Hanyun Liu ◽  
Rubin Jiang ◽  
Zimu Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Homology Modelling ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Nucleoside Inhibitors

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel member of the genus betacoronavirus in the Coronaviridae family. It has been identified as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreading rapidly in Asia, America and Europe. Like some other RNA viruses, RNA replication and transcription of SARS-CoV-2 relies on its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), which is a therapeutic target of clinical importance. Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 that was solved recently (PDB ID 6M71) with some missing residues. Objective: We used SARS-CoV-2 RdRP as a target protein to screen for possible chemical molecules with potential antiviral effects. Method: Here we modelled the missing residues 896-905 via homology modelling and then analysed the interactions of Hepatitis C virus allosteric non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) in the reported NNIs binding sites in SARS-CoV-2 RdRP. Results and Discussion: We found that MK-3281, filibuvir, setrobuvir and dasabuvir might be able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RdRP based on their binding affinities in the respective binding sites. Conclusion: Further in vitro and in vivo experimental research will be carried out to evaluate their effectiveness in COVID19 treatment in the near future.

A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Action, Ethanobotanical Uses and Nutritional Potential of Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn.,

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaiseziyen Pavithra ◽  
Ganapathy Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Nature is an amazing source for food, shelter, clothing and medicine. An impressive number of modern drugs are isolated from many sources like plants, animals and microbes. The development of natural products from traditional medicines is of great importance to society. Modern concepts and methodologies with abundant clinical studies, unique diversity of chemical structures and biological activities aid the modern drug discovery process. Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn., a traditional medicinal plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, is found in India, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and Western Malaysia. Almost all parts of the plant are used in traditional systems of medicines and reported having medicinal properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the last few years, extensive research work had been carried out using extracts and isolated phytoconstituents from Kedrostis foetidissima to confirm its pharmacology and biological activities. Many scientific reports show that crude extracts and extensive numbers of phytochemical constituents isolated from Kedrostis foetidissima have activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and various other important medicinal properties. The therapeutic properties of the plants are mainly attributed to the existence of phytoconstituents like phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and steroids. This comprehensive review in various aspects gave a brief overview of phytoconstituents, nutritional values and medicinal property of the plant and might attract the researchers to explore its medicinal activity by discovering novel biologically active compounds that can serve as a lead compound in pharmaceutical and food industry.

scholarly journals FDA Approved Drugs and Herbal Based Inhibitors Target SARS CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3811-3821
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Approved Drugs

The recent outburst of COVID-19 started as an epidemic in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. It was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus leads to more deaths worldwide. Also, it has spared many lives in its second wave of disease in many countries. Although scientists had produced vaccines, it does not suit every human being, and they are getting infected again, which is due to a lack of extensive clinical trials. Also, drug repurposing is ineffective. There is a need for more research; using in silico methods may be the better option in the current situation to save the lives of virus-affected individuals. The drugs used for other diseases and herbal compounds might help target the coronavirus. In this study, a protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), was chosen as a target from the virus for molecular docking. It was docked against several drugs on the market and also several herbal compounds. This study will help further in vitro and in vivo studies with new lead compounds, new horizons for drugs in trials, and a new approach for Insilco analysis to treat COVID-19.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

scholarly journals The Role of Melatonin on NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Burak Ibrahim Arioz ◽  
Emre Tarakcioglu ◽  
Melis Olcum ◽  
Sermin Genc
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Inflammasome Activation

NLRP3 inflammasome is a part of the innate immune system and responsible for the rapid identification and eradication of pathogenic microbes, metabolic stress products, reactive oxygen species, and other exogenous agents. NLRP3 inflammasome is overactivated in several neurodegenerative, cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, suppression of inflammasome activation is of utmost clinical importance. Melatonin is a ubiquitous hormone mainly produced in the pineal gland with circadian rhythm regulatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory functions. Melatonin is a natural product and safer than most chemicals to use for medicinal purposes. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have proved that melatonin alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome activity via various intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, the effect of melatonin on the NLRP3 inflammasome in the context of diseases will be discussed.

scholarly journals Point mutations in the West Nile virus (Flaviviridae; Flavivirus) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase alter viral fitness in a host-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo

Virology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 427 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta A. Van Slyke ◽  
Alexander T. Ciota ◽  
Graham G. Willsey ◽  
Joachim Jaeger ◽  
Pei-Yong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
The West ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals The West African Sorghum Bicolor Leaf Sheath Extract Jobelyn® and Its Diverse Therapeutic Potentials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Makanjuola ◽  
Olajuwon Okubena ◽  
Louis Ajonuma ◽  
Adedoyin Dosunmu ◽  
Solomon Umukoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
West African ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
The West ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Active Compounds

The West-African variety of Sorghum bicolor leaf sheath (SBLS) Jobelyn® is a natural remedy, which has gained international recognition for its anti-anemic effect and energy boosting qualities in debilitating diseases. The widespread use of traditional medicine in the region usually confirms its safety, but not its efficacy or deep assessment of their pharmacological properties. The other major issue for herbal-based treatments is the lack of definite and complete information about the composition of the extracts.  Despite limitations, efforts have been made in isolation and characterisation of active compounds in this specie of sorghum showing various subclasses of flavonoids including apigeninidin, a stable 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and potential fungal growth inhibitor, which accounts for 84% of the total extract. Non-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies support previous indications that this variety of Sorghum bicolor possesses several biologically active compounds with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and neuro-protective properties.  Clinical studies show that SBLS has the ability to boost hemoglobin concentrations in anemic conditions and most remarkably to increase CD4 count in HIV-positive patients. The multiple effects and high safety profiles of this extract may encourage its development as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of anemia, chronic inflammatory conditions or in the symptomatic management of HIV infections. This review describes the potential therapeutic aspects of SBLS extract and its potential benefits.

scholarly journals The anti-malignant activity of Macrotyloma uniflorum mediated green synthesized Cu and Zn metal-ligand nano complexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1573-1580
Author(s):  
Savita Belwal ◽  
Sujana Kariveda ◽  
Saritha Ramagiri ◽  
Swathi A ◽  
Shubham Kute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Cu And Zn

The green biological route has been employed to convert macro-sized zinc and copper metal complexes into nano-sized metal complexes. These bioactive metal complexes were synthesized by template condensation process in the chemistry laboratory. The newly synthesized biologically active complexes were converted into nano range from phytochemical aqueous extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram). Biologically converted nano complexes have been characterized by physicochemical as well as spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometer and FTIR. The reduced Cu and Zn metal nanoparticles were analyzed with SEM for shape and size, which showed most of the nanoparticles, were nearly spherical with nano range size. To estimate the potentiality of newly manufactured copper and zinc nanoparticles in vitro  and in in vivo  studies, i.e. antifungal and antibacterial and anti-cancer activities were performed. The biogenic nanoparticles of Cu and Zn were evaluated for their activity on cancer A-549 cell lines by standard MTT assay for metabolically active mitochondria and cell viability. Further flow cytometric studies showed Cu, and Zn nano complexes had inhibition efficacy of cancer cells compared to normal cells. This study elevates that biosynthesized Cu & Zn nano complexes can be an alternative for the treatment of cancer.

Potential Candidates against COVID-19 Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Agrawal ◽  
Ahsas Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Viral Enzyme

: Due to the extremely contagious nature of SARS-COV-2, it presents a significant threat to humans worldwide. A plethora of studies are going on all over the world to discover the drug to fight SARS-COV-2. One of the most promising targets is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), responsible for viral RNA replication in host cells. Since RdRp is a viral enzyme with no host cell homologs, it allows the development of selective SARS-COV-2 RdRp inhibitors. A variety of studies used in silico approaches for virtual screening, molecular docking, and repurposing of already existing drugs and phytochemicals against SARS-COV-2 RdRp. This review focuses on collating compounds possessing the potential to inhibit SARS-COV-2 RdRp based on in silico studies to give medicinal chemists food for thought so that the existing drugs can be repurposed for the control and treatment of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic after performing in vitro and in vivo experiments.

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