scholarly journals Socio-economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smallholder Livelihoods in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mhlanga ◽  
Emmanuel Ndhlovu
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Livelihoods Framework

The article revisits previous viruses such as Ebola to extrapolate the socio-economic implications of the COVID-19. Using secondary sources and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) to guide understanding, the article argues that unless measures are put in place to safeguard smallholder activities in Zimbabwe, COVID-19 has the potential to reproduce the same catastrophic implications created by Ebola in West African countries where peasant food systems where shattered and livelihoods strategies maimed. With a perceptible withdrawal of the government from small-scale farming towards large-scale capital intensive operations, smallholders could now be even more vulnerable. The article concludes that social assistance should now be intensified to protect its vulnerable population from the ravages of COVID-19.

COMPARATIVE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF DIFFERENT SCALES OF POULTRY-EGG PRODUCTION IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Solomon T. Folorunso ◽  
T. Omosebi ◽  
D. A. Agbonika
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
The Government

The study compared the allocative efficiency and profitability of poultry-egg farmers in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria, across different scales. To select 143 respondents, a two-stage sampling technique was used.   Using well-structured questionnaire and interview schedules, primary data on socioeconomic variables were collected. Collected data were analyzed using budgetary technique and stochastic production frontier model. Result of allocative efficiency showed the following: The mean allocative efficiency of the small, medium and large scales was 0.68, 0.12 and 0.11 respectively; the minimum allocative efficiency for small, medium and large scales was 0.30, 0.10 and 0.10 respectively. The maximum allocative efficiency was 0.59, 0.18 and 0.11 respectively for small, medium and large scale farmers. The profitability result indicated that egg production for small, medium and large-scale farms was profitable in the study area with N675, 671.79, N4, 897,236.09 and N16, 327,633.66 per farmer. The rate of return on investment per bird was found to be 19.51%, 31.21% and 83.13% respectively for small, medium and large farm sizes. For small, medium and large-scale farmers respectively, the capital turnover per bird was N 1.20, N1.31 and N1.83. Also, the profitability indices for the small, medium and large scales are N0.16, N0.24 and N0.45. The study recommends that; Farmers should be advised to increase production from small scale to large scale through policies that will promote such, special intervention is needed from the government at all levels through farmers’ cooperatives in the area of inputs subsidy, price efficiency of the farmers could

scholarly journals Food pedagogy for transformative social change

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Klinke ◽  
Gertrude Korkor Samar
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Urban Farming ◽  
Transformative Engagement ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The contemporary global agrarian regime has altered the patterns of food production, circulation, and consumption. Its efforts towards food security vis-á-vis capitalist modes of mechanized cultivation have produced large-scale climatic and socioeconomic ramifications, including the dispossession of small-scale farmers from their lands and positions in market value-chains. In an effort to improve the dynamics of contemporary agro-food systems, food practitioners and scholars are engaging in critical analyses of land-grabbing, the feminization of agriculture, extractive-led development, and more. However, we argue that there is a gap between Food Studies scholarship and community-based transformative engagement. To support social justice frameworks, our paper calls for an academic paradigm shift wherein learner-centered experiential classrooms bridge academic-public divides and enhance student learning. Through a case-study of urban farming in Calgary, we also explore topics in place-based learning and participatory approaches that acknowledge and integrate Indigenous ways of knowing, doing, being, and connecting. Our paper provides strategies for supporting local food systems through activist scholarship, capacity building of leadership and technical skills in advanced urban farming, and intercultural relationship building. We conclude by evaluating the success of our approach, presenting potential benefits and challenges, and providing recommendations for best practices in food scholarship to support transformative change.

Southeast Asian Society: Dual or Multiple

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
Benjamin Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Cultural Anthropologist ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Capital Intensive

It is now ten years since I wrote my own initial critique of the theory of sociological dualism presented by J. H. Boeke. In the intervening decade, all of us who are concerned with the problem of economic development and cultural change have, I trust, learned more about the nature of the phenomenon and hence the reopening of discussion by Professor Manning Nash at this time is very welcome. I should like to deal first with his main theme, and then with a few details of his paper.Professor Nash shows the usual reluctance of the cultural anthropologist to generalize; he is unwilling to “deal with anything as complex, heterogeneous, and refractory as Southeast Asia as a whole.” The really interesting question, however, is surely how general tiie phenomena of dualistic society, multiple society, technological dualism, and underdevelopment are, and what the relationships are among them. Being less inhibited than Professor Nash, let me say at once that in my view technological dualism appears in all countries which can be regarded as underdeveloped. By this I mean that all such countries have two clearly distinguishable sectors, one with a capital-intensive and modern technology with high levels of man-year productivity, consisting of large scale manufacturing, plantation agriculture, mining, and the services associated with these; and die other, the “traditional” sector, consisting of peasant agriculture, small scale manufacturing and handicrafts, and the services connected with these.

Revisiting Agrarian Reform in Brazil, 1985–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilder Robles
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
Capital Intensive

This article examines Brazil’s experience in agrarian reform from 1985 to 2016. After more than three decades of agrarian reform, Brazil remains a country with highly skewed landownership. Peasant-led agrarian reform efforts have had limited impact in changing this situation. Agrarian reform remains an unfulfilled political promise, and this situation continues to create tensions and conflicts in the countryside. The main reason for the persistence of skewed land concentration is the State’s support of agribusiness. Successive post-1985 democratic governments have encouraged the opening of new agricultural frontiers by providing generous economic incentives. Land redistribution has been offset by further land possession; that is, the expansion of small-scale agricultural farming has been counterbalanced by the expansion of large-scale, capital intensive agriculture. Agribusiness has not only undermined agrarian reform efforts but has also generated a growing dependency on a socially and environmentally destructive monoculture agricultural economy. Moreover, Brazil’s current political and economic crisis has further undermined the struggle for agrarian reform.

scholarly journals Development Strategy of National Food Sovereignty To Encounter Radicalism Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 544-553
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Specific Management

Higher demand for broader and possible growth of the problem of state instability. Nothing more than a problem triggers social conflict on a small scale to a large scale. This study aims to identify and study various reasons in Indonesia and also formulate conceptions to increase the responsibility of communities in remote areas. The qualitative method in this study was carried out descriptively based on literature studies. The approach used in this study is integral to the national paradigm and applicable regulations. The results of the study show that the concepts that are following the conditions of the community, increase competitiveness among the environment that can be accessed by the government and facilitate people to manage the natural resources of the region, conduct and implement site-specific management and develop economic management to produce superior products.

scholarly journals Biomining – Biotechnological Systems for the Extraction and Recovery of Metals from Secondary Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pyrometallurgical Processing

<p>Biomining is the common term used to define processes that utilize biological systems to facilitate the extraction of metals from ores. Nowadays, a biomining concept can be defined as a two stage combined biological systems (1st stage bioleaching and 2nd stage biosorption) in order to perform the extraction and recovery of the metals from secondary sources such as industrial and mining waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), bottom ash and end of life vehicles. Overwhelming demand and limited sources of metals have resulted in searching new sources so that attentions have been shifted from mining process towards recycling of secondary resources for the recovery of metals. There are several metallurgical processes for metal recovery from the secondary sources such as pyrometallurgical processing, hydrometallurgical and bio/hydrometal-lurgical processing. Biomining processes are estimated to be relatively low-cost, environmentally friendly and suitable for both large scale as well as small scale applications under the bio/hydrometallurgical processing. Thus, the process involves physical separation (pre-treatment) and biomining (bioleaching and biosorption) and hydrometallurgical processes for recovery of base metals, rare earth elements (REEs) and precious metals from e-waste was evaluated.</p>

scholarly journals Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017-2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
Kimberly Vanderwaal ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Joseph Nkamwesiga ◽  
Anna Munsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Gpcr Gene ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease of cattle caused by a capripox virus. LSD has substantial economic implications, with infection resulting in permanent damage to the skin of affected animals which lowers their commercial value. In Uganda, LSD is endemic and cases of the disease are frequently reported to government authorities. This study was undertaken to molecularly characterize lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains that have been circulating in Uganda between 2017 and 2018. Secondly, the study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relatedness of Ugandan LSDV sequences with published sequences, available in GenBank.Results A total of 7 blood samples and 16 skin nodule biopsies were screened for LSDV using PCR to confirm presence of LSDV nucleic acid. PCR positive samples were then characterised by amplifying the GPCR gene. These amplified genes were sequenced and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Out of the 23 samples analysed, 15 were positive for LSDV by PCR (65.2%). The LSDV GPCR sequences analysed contained the unique signatures of LSDV (A11, T12, T34, S99, and P199) which further confirmed their identity. Sequence comparison with vaccine strains revealed a 12bp deletion unique to Ugandan outbreak strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the LSDV sequences from this study clustered closely with sequences from neighboring East African countries and with LSDV strains from recent outbreaks in Europe. It was noted that the sequence diversity amongst LSDV strains from Africa was higher than diversity from Eurasia.Conclusion The LSDV strains circulating in Uganda were closely related with sequences from neighboring countries. Comparison of GPCR gene showed that vaccine strains were not responsible for outbreaks. This means that vaccination with the currently used vaccine will probably be effective for the control of LSD in Uganda. This information is necessary to understand LSDV molecular epidemiology and to contribute knowledge towards the development of more appropriate control strategies by the Government of Uganda.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
Kimberly VanderWaal ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Joseph Nkamwesiga ◽  
Anna Munsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Gpcr Gene ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease of cattle caused by a Capripox virus. LSD has substantial economic implications, with infection resulting in permanent damage to the skin of affected animals which lowers their commercial value. In Uganda, LSD is endemic and cases of the disease are frequently reported to government authorities. This study was undertaken to molecularly characterize lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains that have been circulating in Uganda between 2017 and 2018. Secondly, the study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relatedness of Ugandan LSDV sequences with published sequences, available in GenBank. Results: A total of 7 blood samples and 16 skin nodule biopsies were screened for LSDV using PCR to confirm presence of LSDV nucleic acids. PCR positive samples were then characterized by amplifying the GPCR gene. These amplified genes were sequenced and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Out of the 23 samples analyzed, 15 were positive for LSDV by PCR (65.2%). The LSDV GPCR sequences analyzed contained the unique signatures of LSDV (A11, T12, T34, S99, and P199) which further confirmed their identity. Sequence comparison with vaccine strains revealed a 12bp deletion unique to Ugandan outbreak strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the LSDV sequences from this study clustered closely with sequences from neighboring East African countries and with LSDV strains from recent outbreaks in Europe. It was noted that the sequence diversity amongst LSDV strains from Africa was higher than diversity from Eurasia. Conclusion: The LSDV strains circulating in Uganda were closely related with sequences from neighboring African countries and from Eurasia. Comparison of the GPCR gene showed that outbreak strains differed from vaccine strains. This information is necessary to understand LSDV molecular epidemiology and to contribute knowledge towards the development of control strategies by the Government of Uganda.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengadaan Tanah Skala Kecil dengan dan tanpa Penetapan Lokasi di Kabupaten Sleman

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Wenny Yolanda Ratna Sari ◽  
Priyo Katon Prasetyo ◽  
Sudibyanung Sudibyanung
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Land Availability ◽  
The Government

Land availability is the great significant part in infrastructure development. To support the land availability, the government pursues a program called land acquisition. Land acquisition is regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2012. Based on Government Regulation Number 40 of 2014, land acquisition is divided into two, including large scale with an area of more than 5 hectares and small scale based with an area of less than 5 hectares. Small-scale land acquisition is further regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 148 of 2015 Article 121 paragraph (3) which does not require a determination of location. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation process as well as the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale land acquisition with and without location determination in Sleman Regency. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this research showed that the implementation of land acquisition with determination of location has advantages (4) and weaknesses (6) while land acquisition without determination of location has advantages (6) and disadvantages (4).

scholarly journals Co-Management of Small-Scale Fisheries in Chile From a Network Governance Perspective

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Cristian Albornoz ◽  
Johannes Glückler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Shared Authority ◽  
The Government ◽  
Benthic Resources

We examine decision-making, shared authority, and pluralism as key characteristics for the effective co-management of natural resources. Drawing on the concept of network governance, we complement this approach by studying localized practices of governance that support existing and compensate for missing aspects in the regulation. The regime of territorial use rights for fisheries (TURF) in Chile is a recognized example of large-scale co-management that has given rise to local organizations that manage and exploit benthic resources. Based on multi-sited qualitative fieldwork across five regions, we analyze practices with respect to two governance objects: the deterrence of illegal fishing and the periodic assessment of the fisheries’ biology fields. Our analysis shows that local fisher organizations have institutionalized informal practices of surveillance and monitoring to fill in the gaps of existing regulations. Although fisher organizations and consultants—the so-called management and exploitation areas for benthic resources (AMERB)—have managed to operate the TURF regime, they depend on the government to enforce regulations and receive public subsidies to cover the costs of delegated governance tasks. We suggest that governance effectiveness could benefit from delegating additional authority to the local level. This would enhance the supervision of productive areas and better adaptation of national co-management regulations to the specific geographical context.

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