scholarly journals Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and Development Leading to Human Clinical Trials for Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Eastman ◽  
Jacob S. Roth ◽  
Kyle R. Brimacombe ◽  
Anton Simeonov ◽  
Min Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Nucleotide Analog ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Biomedical Community

The global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, the causative viral pathogen of COVID-19, has driven the biomedical community to action – to uncover and develop anti-viral interventions. One potential therapeutic approach currently being evaluated in numerous clinical trials is the agent remdesivir, which has endured a long and winding developmental path. Remdesivir is a nucleotide analog prodrug that perturbs viral replication, originally evaluated in clinical trials to thwart the Ebola outbreak in 2014. Subsequent evaluation by numerous virology laboratories demonstrated the ability of remdesivir to inhibit coronavirus replication, including SARS-CoV-2. Here, we provide an overview of its mechanism of action, discovery, and the current studies exploring its clinical effectiveness.

scholarly journals Review of the use of nasal and oral antiseptics during a global pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Christopher Stathis ◽  
Nikolas Victoria ◽  
Kristin Loomis ◽  
Shaun A Nguyen ◽  
Maren Eggers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Nasal Sprays ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Global Pandemic

A review of nasal sprays and gargles with antiviral properties suggests that a number of commonly used antiseptics including povidone-iodine, Listerine®, iota-carrageenan and chlorhexidine should be studied in clinical trials to mitigate both the progression and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Several of these antiseptics have demonstrated the ability to cut the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 by 3–4 log10 in 15–30 s  in vitro. In addition, hypertonic saline targets viral replication by increasing hypochlorous acid inside the cell. A number of clinical trials are in process to study these interventions both for prevention of transmission, prophylaxis after exposure, and to diminish progression by reduction of viral load in the early stages of infection.

Remdesivir (GS-5734) in COVID-19 Therapy: The Fourth Chance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Singh Moirangthem ◽  
Laishram Surbala
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Compassionate Use ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Nucleotide Analog ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Since its initial start on December 2019 at Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) has been rapidly spreading and labelled as pandemic by World Health Organization. The rate of human to human transmission of COVID-19 is far higher than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS). With no drugs or vaccines approved for the treatment of the disease, physicians have been using the pre-existing drugs to curb the disease. One potential anti-viral agent currently undergoing numerous clinical trial is remdesivir, a nucleotide analog that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objective: In this mini-review, we provide an overview of remdesivir’s journey, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, used in patients with COVID-19 under compassionate use principle and clinical trials to understand the effect of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: In this mini-review, we provide an overview of remdesivir’s journey, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, used in patients with COVID-19 under compassionate use principle and clinical trials to understand the effect of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Mining of high throughput screening database reveals AP-1 and autophagy pathways as potential targets for COVID-19 therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhu ◽  
Catherine Z. Chen ◽  
Srilatha Sakamuru ◽  
Jinghua Zhao ◽  
Deborah K. Ngan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Approved Drugs

AbstractThe recent global pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 presents an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic candidates. Many efforts have been devoted to screening existing drug libraries with the hope to repurpose approved drugs as potential treatments for COVID-19. However, the antiviral mechanisms of action of the drugs found active in these phenotypic screens remain largely unknown. In an effort to deconvolute the viral targets in pursuit of more effective anti-COVID-19 drug development, we mined our in-house database of approved drug screens against 994 assays and compared their activity profiles with the drug activity profile in a cytopathic effect (CPE) assay of SARS-CoV-2. We found that the autophagy and AP-1 signaling pathway activity profiles are significantly correlated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity profile. In addition, a class of neurology/psychiatry drugs was found to be significantly enriched with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Taken together, these results provide new insights into SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential targets for COVID-19 therapeutics, which can be further validated by in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials.

scholarly journals Clinical effectiveness of convalescent plasma in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 175346662110280
Author(s):  
Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga ◽  
Ruth Ana María González-Villoria ◽  
María Vanesa Elizondo ◽  
Anel Yaneli Nicolás Osorio ◽  
David Gómez Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials

Aims: Given the variability of previously reported results, this systematic review aims to determine the clinical effectiveness of convalescent plasma employed in the treatment of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of controlled clinical trials assessing treatment with convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The outcomes were mortality, clinical improvement, and ventilation requirement. Results: A total of 51 studies were retrieved from the databases. Five articles were finally included in the data extraction and qualitative and quantitative synthesis of results. The overall risk of bias in the reviewed articles was established at low-risk only in two trials. The meta-analysis suggests that there is no benefit of convalescent plasma compared with standard care or placebo in reducing the overall mortality and the ventilation requirement. However, there could be a benefit for the clinical improvement in patients treated with plasma. Conclusion: Current results led to assume that the convalescent plasma transfusion cannot reduce the mortality or ventilation requirement in hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. More controlled clinical trials conducted with methodologies that ensure a low risk of bias are still needed. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome and Mind-Body Therapies: A Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel G. Anderson ◽  
Ann Gill Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Increased Risk

The metabolic syndrome, affecting a substantial and increasing percentage of the worldwide population, is comprised of a cluster of symptoms associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Mind-body modalities based on Eastern philosophy, such as yoga, tai chi, qigong, and meditation, have become increasingly popular worldwide. These complementary therapies have many reported benefits for improving symptoms and physiological measures associated with the metabolic syndrome. However, clinical trial data concerning the effectiveness of these practices on the syndrome as a whole have not been evaluated using a systematic and synthesizing approach. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the data from clinical trials examining the efficacy of mind-body therapies as supportive care modalities for management of the metabolic syndrome. Three clinical trials addressing the use of mind-body therapies for management of the metabolic syndrome were identified. Findings from the studies reviewed support the potential clinical effectiveness of mind-body practices in improving indices of the metabolic syndrome.

Mechanism of action and clinical trials of Mpl ligand

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Sheridan ◽  
David J. Kuter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mechanism Of Action

scholarly journals An Overview on the Ongoing Clinical Trials of COVID-19 Vaccines

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Syeda Komal Fatima ◽  
Ameena Tur Rasool ◽  
Ayesha Sabir ◽  
Gul Shahnaz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Clinical Endpoint ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Global Pandemic

COVID-19 has posed a great threat to mankind, there is a dire need to introduce a vaccine to combat this global pandemic. Several vaccines are underway to complete their phase 3 clinical trials. This article highlights events surrounding the ongoing clinical trials of vaccines effective against COVID-19, and different procedures and formalities the vaccine will have to endure to get EUA. Clinical trials are discussed stepwise along with the clinical endpoint desired at the end of these trials. In line with antimicrobial resistance, vaccine resistance has also emerged in this era and needs focused consideration, and the probability of development of resistance in these vaccines is discussed. This article specifically covers the latest research reporting clinical efficacy, safety profile, and adverse events following the administration of doses to patients and concerns regarding the rushed approval of vaccines. Four vaccines have been discussed in detail; BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, Sputnik V, ChAdOx1.

scholarly journals Target Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasko Graklanov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cytotoxic Treatment ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in elderly patients. Over the past four decades the basic therapeutic armamentarium was the standard cytotoxic treatment. The new insights in understanding the pathogenesis of AML was the momentum that revolutionized the treatment landscape in AML. The last five years unprecedented growth has been seen in the number of target therapy drugs for the treatment of AML. These new drugs did not just have a clinical benefit as single agents but also have improved AML patient outcomes if combined with conventional cytotoxic therapy. Here, we review recent advances in target-based therapy for patients with AML focusing on their mechanism of action and the results from already published clinical trials.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of interferons for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Noormandi ◽  
Mohammad Fathalipour ◽  
Reza Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara ◽  
Soheil Hassanipour
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Time Of Administration

Background and objective: COVID-19 has since been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), infecting millions worldwide. The use of Interferon (INF) subtypes previously examined in the treatment of SARS and MERS is also being initiated in some clinical trials. Although different clinical trials were evaluated IFNs in the treatment of COVID-19, their efficacy and safety remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to systematically assess IFNs efficacy and safety in treating patients with COVID-19. Methods: The protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register (CRD42020200643) on 24 July 2020. This protocol has been arranged according to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist. Discussion: Due to lack of approved medication for the covid-19 treatment and also various mutations of this virus, evaluated the efficacy and safety of medications by various studies could help for finding treatments with high effectiveness. IFNs are one of the medications that have been administered in covid-19 infection.  Moreover, the best time of administration and dose of this medication was unknown. Although meta-analysis is a potent source for assessing the accuracy of subjects, heterogeneity of articles is a potent limitation of our work.

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