scholarly journals An Eye on the Dog as the Scientist’s Best Friend for Translational Research in Ophthalmology: Focus on the Ocular Surface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Sebbag ◽  
Jonathan P. Mochel
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Preclinical Pharmacology

Preclinical animal studies provide valuable opportunities to better understand human diseases and contribute to major advances in medicine. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ocular parameters in humans and selected animals, with a focus on the ocular surface, detailing species differences in ocular surface anatomy, physiology, tear film dynamics and tear film composition. We describe major pitfalls that tremendously limit the translational potential of traditional laboratory animals (ie., rabbits, mice and rats) in ophthalmic research, and highlight the benefits of integrating companion dogs with clinical analogues to human diseases into preclinical pharmacology studies. This One Health approach can help accelerate and improve the framework in which ophthalmic research is translated to the human clinic. Studies can be conducted in canine subjects with naturally occurring or non-invasively induced ocular surface disorders (eg., dry eye disease, conjunctivitis), reviewed herein, and tear fluid can be easily retrieved from canine eyes for various bioanalytical purposes. In this review, we discuss common tear collection methods, including capillary tubes and Schirmer tear strips, and provide guidelines for tear sampling and extraction to improve the reliability of analyte quantification (drugs, proteins, others).

scholarly journals Tear Proteomics Study of Dry Eye Disease: Which Eye Do You Adopt as the Representative Eye for the Study?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Ming-Tse Kuo ◽  
Po-Chiung Fang ◽  
Shu-Fang Kuo ◽  
Alexander Chen ◽  
Yu-Ting Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Tear Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Surface Performance

Most studies about dry eye disease (DED) chose unilateral eye for investigation and drew conclusions based on monocular results, whereas most studies involving tear proteomics were based on the results of pooling tears from a group of DED patients. Patients with DED were consecutively enrolled for binocular clinical tests, tear biochemical markers of DED, and tear proteome. We found that bilateral eyes of DED patients may have similar but different ocular surface performance and tear proteome. Most ocular surface homeostatic markers and tear biomarkers were not significantly different in the bilateral eyes of DED subjects, and most clinical parameters and tear biomarkers were correlated significantly between bilateral eyes. However, discrepant binocular presentation in the markers of ocular surface homeostasis and the associations with tear proteins suggested that one eye’s performance cannot represent that of the other eye or both eyes. Therefore, in studies for elucidating tear film homeostasis of DED, we may lose some important messages hidden in the fellow eye if we collected clinical and proteomic data only from a unilateral eye. For mechanistic studies, it is recommended that researchers collect tear samples from the eye with more severe DED under sensitive criteria for identifying the more severe eye and evaluating the tear biochemical and proteomic markers with binocular concordance drawn in prior binocular studies.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Imaging of Solid Tumors Using a Liposomal-Iodine Contrast Agent in Companion Dogs with Naturally Occurring Cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0152718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan B. Ghaghada ◽  
Amy F. Sato ◽  
Zbigniew A. Starosolski ◽  
John Berg ◽  
David M. Vail
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals The Glucosamine Controversy; A Pharmacokinetic Issue

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aghazadeh-Habashi ◽  
Fakhreddin Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Assessment Metrics ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Rule Out

Glucosamine (GlcN) is a naturally occurring aminosugar that is widely used to treat osteoarthritis despite controversial clinical trial results. Animal studies, on the other hand, unequivocally suggest anti-inflammatory and disease modifying effects for GlcN. Many explanations have been offered as to the root of the controversy. They include superiority of a crystalline sulphate salt over HCl, industry bias, insensitive assessment metrics and poor methodology. Herein, we rule out a difference in bioequivalence between GlcN salts and that of chemically equivalent doses and suggest additional factors; i.e., inconsistency in the chemical potency of some products used, under-dosing of patients as well as variable and erratic bioavailability indices for the lack of GlcN efficacy observed in some studies. Clinical trials using higher doses of pharmaceutical grade GlcN or formulations with greater bioavailability should yield positive results. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

Low-Tech Detection of Tear Film-Related Diseases of the Ocular Surface

1998 ◽  
pp. 845-851
Author(s):  
Maurizio Rolando ◽  
Salvatore Alongi ◽  
Angelo Macrì ◽  
Marco Schenone ◽  
Giovanni Calabria
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film

Effects of Smoking on Tear Film and Ocular Surface

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Chul Yoon ◽  
Byoung-Yong Song ◽  
Man-Seong Seo
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment Methods for Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Gemma C M Rossi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Associated Diseases

Glaucoma and ocular surface disease (OSD) are often concomitant disorders (OSD is the consequence of a tear film dysfunction that may be due to several conditions). The aims of the paper are to suggest a sequence of diagnostic tests easy to perform in daily practice, both subjective and objective, to detect the onset of the OSD; and, second, to propose how to prevent and, if the case, how to manage the OSD. Briefly, tear film break-up time (TF-BUT) and corneal/conjunctival staining are suggested to detect the main signs of OSD. In terms of therapy, the long-term exposure to benzalkonium chloride (BAK) should be minimised, preferring non-BAK-preserved or BAK-free glaucoma medications, where available, as well as fixed combinations. The treatment of associated diseases of the anterior surface may reduce signs; use of non BAK-preserved tears may reduce symptoms.

scholarly journals Changes in Tear-Film Status and Ocular Surface Disease Index Score Following Prolonged Use of Face Mask

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Nawreen Binte Anwar ◽  
Basil Anwar ◽  
Arup Krishna Choudhury ◽  
Mahfuza Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Score Following

scholarly journals Immunological and Pathophysiological Outcomes of Helminth Infections and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity Studies in Humans and Experimental Animals—A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8079
Author(s):  
Ekuyikeno Silas ◽  
Siyanda Ndlovu ◽  
Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Helminth Infections

Animal and human studies have demonstrated that helminth infections are associated with a decreased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lack of exposure to helminth infections has been postulated to be one mechanism to explain the markedly increased prevalence of T2DM in developed countries. However, there is still paucity of information regarding the immunological interactions between helminth infections and T2DM. The study aimed at reviewing peer-reviewed articles on host immune and pathophysiological outcomes from human and laboratory animal studies of helminth infections and T2DM comorbidity. A literature search was carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed, and EBSCOhost databases using the following keywords; immune responses OR immune modulation of helminth infections OR parasites infections AND Type 2 diabetes comorbidity in humans AND experimental/laboratory animals. Results showed that helminth infections provided some degree of protection from the pathology associated with T2DM by modulating the surrounding cytokine and chemokine milieu in humans and animals. Whilst there is some evidence regarding the protective effects of helminth infections to T2DM in cases of comorbidity, there is paucity of research in both laboratory animals and humans, with reference to the immunological and pathophysiological mechanisms which occur during comorbidity, and these constitute gaps for future research.

scholarly journals SFTA3 – a novel surfactant protein of the ocular surface and its role in corneal wound healing and tear film surface tension

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schicht ◽  
Fabian Garreis ◽  
Nadine Hartjen ◽  
Stephanie Beileke ◽  
Christina Jacobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Corneal Wound Healing ◽  
Corneal Wound
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