scholarly journals On The Symmetry of The Universe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
Matter Effect ◽  
Mechanical Interpretation ◽  
The Universe

It is shown that the Lambda component in the cosmological Lambda-CDM model can be conceived as vacuum energy, consisting of gravitational particles subject to Heisenberg’s energy-time uncertainty. These particles can be modelled as elementary polarisable Dirac-type dipoles (“darks”) in a fluidal space at thermodynamic equilibrium, with spins that are subject to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Around the baryonic kernels, uniformly distributed in the universe, the spins are polarized, thereby invoking an increase of the effective gravitational strength of the kernels. It explains the dark matter effect to the extent that the numerical value of Milgrom’s acceleration constant can be assessed by theory. Non-polarized vacuum particles beyond the baryonic kernels compose the dark energy. The result is a quantum mechanical interpretation of gravity in terms of quantitatively established shares in baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy, which correspond with the values of the Lambda-CDM model..

scholarly journals On The Symmetry of The Universe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
Matter Effect ◽  
Mechanical Interpretation ◽  
The Universe

It is shown that the Lambda component in the cosmological Lambda-CDM model can be conceived as vacuum energy, consisting of gravitational particles subject to Heisenberg’s energy-time uncertainty. These particles can be modelled as elementary polarisable Dirac-type dipoles (“darks”) in a fluidal space at thermodynamic equilibrium, with spins that are subject to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Around the baryonic kernels, uniformly distributed in the universe, the spins are polarized, thereby invoking an increase of the effective gravitational strength of the kernels. It explains the dark matter effect to the extent that the numerical value of Milgrom’s acceleration constant can be assessed by theory. Non-polarized vacuum particles beyond the baryonic kernels compose the dark energy. The result is a quantum mechanical interpretation of gravity in terms of quantitatively established shares in baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy, which correspond with the values of the Lambda-CDM model..

scholarly journals On the Vacuum Energy of the Universe at the Galaxy Level, the Cosmological Level and the Quantum Level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Quantum Level ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Matter Effect ◽  
The Universe

It is shown that the Lambda component in the cosmological Lambda-CDM model can be conceived as vacuum energy, consisting of gravitational particles subject to Heisenberg’s energy-time uncertainty. These particles can be modelled as elementary polarisable Dirac-type dipoles (“darks”) in a fluidal space at thermodynamic equilibrium, with spins that are subject to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Around the baryonic kernels, uniformly distributed in the universe, the spins are polarized, thereby invoking an increase of the effective gravitational strength of the kernels. It explains the dark matter effect of galaxies to the extent that a numerical value of Milgrom’s acceleration constant can be assigned by theory. Non-polarized vacuum particles beyond the baryonic kernels compose the dark energy at the cosmological level. The result is an interpretation of gravity at the quantum level in terms of quantitatively established shares in baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy, which correspond with the values of the Lambda-CDM model.

scholarly journals A Quantum Mechanical Relationship between Milgrom’s Acceleration Constant and the Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy Expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Event Horizon ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
Mechanical Interpretation ◽  
The Universe

Conceiving vacuum energy as gravitational particles subject to Heisenberg’s energy-time uncertainty, modelled as dipoles in a fluidal space at thermodynamic equilibrium, and interpreting the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy as the effective amount of spins of those dipoles enclosed within the event horizon of the universe, allows the calculation of Milgrom’s acceleration constant. The result is a quantum mechanical interpretation of gravity, and dark matter in particular.

scholarly journals A Quantum Mechanical Relationship between Milgrom’s Acceleration Constant and the Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy Expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Event Horizon ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
Mechanical Interpretation ◽  
The Universe

Conceiving vacuum energy as gravitational particles subject to Heisenberg’s energy-time uncertainty, modelled as dipoles in a fluidal space at thermodynamic equilibrium, and interpreting the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy as the effective amount of spins of those dipoles enclosed within the event horizon of the universe, allows the calculation of Milgrom’s acceleration constant. The result is a quantum mechanical interpretation of gravity, and dark matter in particular.

scholarly journals Do we come from a quantum anomaly?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1944002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Basilakos ◽  
Nick E. Mavromatos ◽  
Joan Solà Peracaula
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Quantum Anomaly ◽  
Inflationary Phase ◽  
Axion Field ◽  
The Universe

We present a string-based picture of the cosmological evolution in which (CP-violating) gravitational anomalies acting during the inflationary phase of the universe cause the vacuum energy density to “run” with the effective Hubble parameter squared, [Formula: see text], thanks to the axion field of the bosonic string multiplet. This leads to baryogenesis through leptogenesis with massive right-handed neutrinos. The generation of chiral matter after inflation helps in cancelling the anomalies in the observable radiation- and matter-dominated eras. The present era inherits the same “running vacuum” structure triggered during the inflationary time by the axion field. The current dark energy is thus predicted to be mildly dynamical, and dark matter should be made of axions. Paraphrasing Carl Sagan [ https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/10538.Carl_Sagan .]: we are all anomalously made from starstuff.

scholarly journals Dark Matter in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies

2000 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 360-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaan Einasto ◽  
Maret Einasto
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
The Universe

AbstractWe compare the characteristics of stellar populations with those of dark halos. Dark matter around galaxies, and in groups, clusters and voids is discussed. Modern data suggest that the overall density of matter in the Universe is ΩM = 0.3 ± 0.1, about 80 % of this matter is nonbaryonic dark matter, and about 20 % is baryonic, mostly in the form of hot intra-cluster and intragroup gas, the rest in stellar populations of galaxies. All bright galaxies are surrounded by dark matter halos of external radii 200 − 300 kpc; halos consist mostly of non-baryonic matter with some mixture of hot gas. The Universe is dominated by dark energy (cosmological constant) term. Dark matter dominates in the dynamical evolution of galaxies in groups and clusters.

scholarly journals Quantum Mechanical Explanation for Dark energy, Cosmic Coincidence, Flatness, Age and Size of Universe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Coincidence Problem ◽  
Dark Energy Density ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Cosmic Coincidence Problem

Although general relativity has been successful in explaining many astronomical phenomena, few problems about the contents and evolution of the universe have remained mysterious since last century. Most important of them is the cosmological constant problem in which conventional calculation of vacuum (or dark) energy density using quantum mechanics leads to a value ~10114 J/m3 which is ~10123 times more than the vacuum energy (5.3×10-10 J/m3) estimated from astronomical observations of expanding universe. Similarly, cosmic coincidence problem questions why the matter energy density (ordinary plus dark matter) is of the same order as the vacuum energy density at present time. Finally, the mechanism responsible for spatial flatness and expansion of the universe are not clearly understood. In this paper, by taking the vacuum as a finite and closed quantum oscillator, we solve all of the above-mentioned problems. At first, by using purely quantum mechanical approach, we predict that the dark energy density is c4/(GR2) = 5.27×10-10 J/m3 (where R is radius of 3-sphere of universe) and matter energy density is c4/(2GR2) = 2.6×10-10 J/m3 which match well with astronomical observations. We also prove that the dark energy has always been ~66.7% and matter energy has been ~33.3% of total energy and hence, the so called cosmic coincidence problem doesn’t exist. Next, we show how flatness of space could be maintained since the early stage of universe. Finally, using our model, we derive the expression for age and radius of universe which match well with the astronomical data.

scholarly journals A Cosmological View on Milgrom’s Acceleration Constant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Stellar Rotation ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Two Parameter

In this article a two-parameter model is developed for the universe. The two parameters are the age of the universe and Milgrom’s acceleration constant. It is shown that these are sufficient to calculate the amounts of matter and dark energy in the universe, as well as the contributions of dark matter and baryonic matter in the matter part. All this, not only for present time, but also as a function of cosmological time. The developed theory gives an adequate explanation for the phenomena of the accelerated scaling of the universe and the anomaly of the stellar rotation curves in galaxies. The numerical results are in agreement with those of the Lamda-CDM model.

scholarly journals Quantum Mechanical Explanation for Dark Energy, Cosmic Coincidence, Flatness, Age, and Size of the Universe

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Coincidence Problem ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Cosmic Coincidence Problem

Abstract One of the most important problems in astronomy is the cosmological constant problem in which conventional calculation of vacuum energy density using quantum mechanics leads to a value which is ~10123 times more than the vacuum energy estimated from astronomical observations of expanding universe. The cosmic coincidence problem questions why matter energy density is of the same order of magnitude as the vacuum energy density at present time. Finally, the mechanism responsible for spatial flatness is not clearly understood. In this paper, by taking the vacuum as a finite and closed quantum oscillator, we solve all of the above-mentioned problems. At first, by using the purely quantum mechanical approach, we predict that the dark energy density is c4/(GR2) = 5.27×10−10 J/m3 (where R is radius of 3-sphere of the universe) and matter energy density is c4/(2GR2) = 2.6×10−10 J/m3 which match well with astronomical observations. We also prove that dark energy has always been ~66.7% and matter energy has been ~33.3% of the total energy and thus solve the cosmic coincidence problem. Next, we show how flatness of space could be maintained since the early stage of the universe. Finally, using our model, we derive the expression for age and radius of the universe which match well with the astronomical data.

A Clifford-gravity-based cosmology, dark matter and dark energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Castro
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

A Clifford-gravity-based model is exploited to build a generalized action (beyond the current ones used in the literature) and arrive at relevant numerical results which are consistent with the presently-observed de Sitter accelerating expansion of the universe driven by a very small vacuum energy density ρ obs ~ 10-120(MP)4 (MP is the Planck mass) and provide promising dark energy/matter candidates in terms of the 16 scalars corresponding to the degrees of freedom associated with a Cl (3, 1)-algebra-valued scalar field Φ in four dimensions.

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