scholarly journals A Cosmological View on Milgrom’s Acceleration Constant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Stellar Rotation ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Two Parameter

In this article a two-parameter model is developed for the universe. The two parameters are the age of the universe and Milgrom’s acceleration constant. It is shown that these are sufficient to calculate the amounts of matter and dark energy in the universe, as well as the contributions of dark matter and baryonic matter in the matter part. All this, not only for present time, but also as a function of cosmological time. The developed theory gives an adequate explanation for the phenomena of the accelerated scaling of the universe and the anomaly of the stellar rotation curves in galaxies. The numerical results are in agreement with those of the Lamda-CDM model.

scholarly journals A Cosmological View on Milgrom’s Acceleration Constant

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Stellar Rotation ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Acceleration Parameter ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Two Parameter

In this article a two-parameter model is developed for the universe. The two parameters are the age of the universe and the value of Einstein’s Cosmological Constant. It is shown that these are sufficient to calculate the amounts of matter and dark energy in the universe, as well as the contributions of dark matter and baryonic matter in the matter part. All this, not only for present time, but also as a function of cosmological time. Moreover, the model allows establishing the numerical value for Milgrom’s acceleration parameter for present time. The developed theory gives an adequate explanation for the phenomena of the accelerated scaling of the universe and the anomaly of the stellar rotation curves in galaxies. The numerical results are in agreement with those of the Lamda-CDM model.

scholarly journals A Cosmological View on Milgrom’s Acceleration Constant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Observable Universe ◽  
B Values ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Two Parameter

In this article it is shown how Milgrom’s acceleration constant is related with the ΩΛ, Ωm and ΩB values of the matter distribution within observable universe as defined in the Standard Model of Cosmology, established by the Planck Collaboration Group. The result is a two-parameter model for the observable universe. The two parameters are the age of the universe and Milgrom’s acceleration constant. It is shown that these are sufficient to calculate the amounts of matter and dark energy in the universe, as well as the contributions of dark matter and baryonic matter in the matter part. The numerical results are in agreement with those of the Lamda-CDM model. 

scholarly journals A Cosmological View on Milgrom’s Acceleration Constant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Observable Universe ◽  
B Values ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Two Parameter

In this article it is shown how Milgrom’s acceleration constant is related with the ΩΛ, Ωm and ΩB values of the matter distribution within observable universe as defined in the Standard Model of Cosmology, established by the Planck Collaboration Group. The result is a two-parameter model for the observable universe. The two parameters are the age of the universe and Milgrom’s acceleration constant. It is shown that these are sufficient to calculate the amounts of matter and dark energy in the universe, as well as the contributions of dark matter and baryonic matter in the matter part. The numerical results are in agreement with those of the Lamda-CDM model.

scholarly journals On The Symmetry of The Universe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
Matter Effect ◽  
Mechanical Interpretation ◽  
The Universe

It is shown that the Lambda component in the cosmological Lambda-CDM model can be conceived as vacuum energy, consisting of gravitational particles subject to Heisenberg’s energy-time uncertainty. These particles can be modelled as elementary polarisable Dirac-type dipoles (“darks”) in a fluidal space at thermodynamic equilibrium, with spins that are subject to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Around the baryonic kernels, uniformly distributed in the universe, the spins are polarized, thereby invoking an increase of the effective gravitational strength of the kernels. It explains the dark matter effect to the extent that the numerical value of Milgrom’s acceleration constant can be assessed by theory. Non-polarized vacuum particles beyond the baryonic kernels compose the dark energy. The result is a quantum mechanical interpretation of gravity in terms of quantitatively established shares in baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy, which correspond with the values of the Lambda-CDM model..

scholarly journals TOWARDS CLASSIFICATION OF SIMPLE DARK ENERGY COSMOLOGICAL MODELS

2007 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAREK SZYDLOWSKI ◽  
ALEKSANDRA KUREK
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Friedmann Equation ◽  
Chaplygin Gas ◽  
Generalized Chaplygin Gas ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
State Formula ◽  
The Universe

We characterize a class of simple FRW models filled by both dark energy and dark matter in notion of a single potential function of the scale factor a(t); t is the cosmological time. It represents the potential of a fictitious particle — Universe moving in 1-dimensional well V(a) which the positional variable mimics the evolution of the Universe. Then the class of all dark energy models (called a multiverse) can be regarded as a Banach space naturally equipped in the structure of the Sobolev metric. In this paper, we explore the notion of C1 metric introduced in the multiverse which measures distance between any two dark energy models. If we choose cold dark matter as a reference, then we can find how far apart are different models offering explanation of the present accelerating expansion phase of the Universe. We consider both models with dark energy (models with the generalized Chaplygin gas, models with variable coefficient equation of state [Formula: see text] parameterized by redshift z, models with phantom matter) as well as models based on some modification of Friedmann equation (Cardassian models, Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati brane models). We argue that because observational data still favor the ΛCDM model, all reasonable dark energy models should belong to the nearby neighborhood of this model.

Cosmology Today

Daedalus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
David N. Spergel
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

We seem to live in a simple but strange universe. Our basic cosmological model fits a host of astronomical observations with only five basic parameters: the age of the universe, the density of atoms, the density of matter, the initial “lumpiness” of the universe, and a parameter that describes whether this lumpiness is more pronounced on smaller physical scales. Our observations of the cosmic microwave background fluctuations determine these parameters with uncertainties of only 1 to 2 percent. The same model also provides an excellent fit to the large-scale clustering of galaxies and gas, the properties of galaxy clusters, observations of gravitational lensing, and supernova-based measurements of the Hubble relation. This model implies that we live in a strange universe: atoms make up only 4 percent of the visible universe, dark matter makes up 24 percent, and dark energy – energy associated with empty space – makes up 72 percent.

scholarly journals Dark Matter in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies

2000 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 360-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaan Einasto ◽  
Maret Einasto
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
The Universe

AbstractWe compare the characteristics of stellar populations with those of dark halos. Dark matter around galaxies, and in groups, clusters and voids is discussed. Modern data suggest that the overall density of matter in the Universe is ΩM = 0.3 ± 0.1, about 80 % of this matter is nonbaryonic dark matter, and about 20 % is baryonic, mostly in the form of hot intra-cluster and intragroup gas, the rest in stellar populations of galaxies. All bright galaxies are surrounded by dark matter halos of external radii 200 − 300 kpc; halos consist mostly of non-baryonic matter with some mixture of hot gas. The Universe is dominated by dark energy (cosmological constant) term. Dark matter dominates in the dynamical evolution of galaxies in groups and clusters.

scholarly journals The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Maeder ◽  
Vesselin G. Gueorguiev
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Newtonian Approximation ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

The Scale Invariant Vacuum (SIV) theory rests on the basic hypothesis that the macroscopic empty space is scale invariant. This hypothesis is applied in the context of the Integrable Weyl Geometry, where it leads to considerable simplifications in the scale covariant cosmological equations. After an initial explosion and a phase of braking, the cosmological models show a continuous acceleration of the expansion. Several observational tests of the SIV cosmology are performed: on the relation between H 0 and the age of the Universe, on the m − z diagram for SNIa data and its extension to z = 7 with quasars and GRBs, and on the H ( z ) vs. z relation. All comparisons show a very good agreement between SIV predictions and observations. Predictions for the future observations of the redshift drifts are also given. In the weak field approximation, the equation of motion contains, in addition to the classical Newtonian term, an acceleration term (usually very small) depending on the velocity. The two-body problem is studied, showing a slow expansion of the classical conics. The new equation has been applied to clusters of galaxies, to rotating galaxies (some proximities with Modifies Newtonian Dynamics, MOND, are noticed), to the velocity dispersion vs. the age of the stars in the Milky Way, and to the growth of the density fluctuations in the Universe. We point out the similarity of the mechanical effects of the SIV hypothesis in cosmology and in the Newtonian approximation. In both cases, it results in an additional acceleration in the direction of motions. In cosmology, these effects are currently interpreted in terms of the dark energy hypothesis, while in the Newtonian approximation they are accounted for in terms of the dark matter (DM) hypothesis. These hypotheses appear no longer necessary in the SIV context.

1. Beginnings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Pierrehumbert
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Giant Planets ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

‘Beginnings’ discusses the general processes that form planetary systems, particularly the Solar System. Most of the Universe is made of a mysterious substance called ‘dark matter’, and an even more mysterious substance called ‘dark energy’. After the birth of the Universe in the Big Bang, the tiny bits of stardust which have accumulated contain the heavier elements (baryonic matter) that make it possible to form beings like ourselves, and the planets on which we live. We mustn't forget the importance of the formation of protostars, as well as gas and ice giant planets, the evolution of the proto-Sun, and the formation of inner rocky planets.

scholarly journals On the Vacuum Energy of the Universe at the Galaxy Level, the Cosmological Level and the Quantum Level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engel Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Quantum Level ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Matter Effect ◽  
The Universe

It is shown that the Lambda component in the cosmological Lambda-CDM model can be conceived as vacuum energy, consisting of gravitational particles subject to Heisenberg’s energy-time uncertainty. These particles can be modelled as elementary polarisable Dirac-type dipoles (“darks”) in a fluidal space at thermodynamic equilibrium, with spins that are subject to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Around the baryonic kernels, uniformly distributed in the universe, the spins are polarized, thereby invoking an increase of the effective gravitational strength of the kernels. It explains the dark matter effect of galaxies to the extent that a numerical value of Milgrom’s acceleration constant can be assigned by theory. Non-polarized vacuum particles beyond the baryonic kernels compose the dark energy at the cosmological level. The result is an interpretation of gravity at the quantum level in terms of quantitatively established shares in baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy, which correspond with the values of the Lambda-CDM model.

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