scholarly journals Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-derived exosomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyuan Zhou ◽  
Yusuke Yamamoto ◽  
Zhongdang Xiao ◽  
Takahiro Ochiya
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Potential Alternative

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached a global epidemic across the world after first reported in Wuhan, China’s Hubei province in December 2019. The pandemic is also associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) characterized by excess inflammation, progressive arterial hypoxemia and dyspnea. Mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells (MSCs) have been investigated as treatment for ARDS due to immunomodulatory property. Exosomes derived from MSCs play an important role in paracrine signaling of MSCs, thereby contributed to immunomodulation of the immune microenvironment. Exosomes are emerged as potential alternative to MSC cell therapy with superiority of safety. In this review, we will introduce MSC-derived exosomes and briefly discuss current progress on MSCs and exosomes in ARDS, which may have clinical implications in pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19.

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Therapy for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan Byrnes ◽  
Claire H. Masterson ◽  
Antonio Artigas ◽  
John G. Laffey
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Lung Dysfunction

AbstractSepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) constitute devastating conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis results from abnormal host immune response, with evidence for both pro- and anti-inflammatory activation present from the earliest phases. The “proinflammatory” response predominates initially causing host injury, with later-phase sepsis characterized by immune cell hypofunction and opportunistic superinfection. ARDS is characterized by inflammation and disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane leading to injury and lung dysfunction. Sepsis is the most common cause of ARDS. Approximately 20% of deaths worldwide in 2017 were due to sepsis, while ARDS occurs in over 10% of all intensive care unit patients and results in a mortality of 30 to 45%. Given the fact that sepsis and ARDS share some—but not all—underlying pathophysiologic injury mechanisms, the lack of specific therapies, and their frequent coexistence in the critically ill, it makes sense to consider therapies for both conditions together. In this article, we will focus on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are available from several tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue. Allogeneic administration is feasible, an important advantage for acute conditions like sepsis or ARDS. They possess diverse mechanisms of action of relevance to sepsis and ARDS, including direct and indirect antibacterial actions, potent effects on the innate and adaptive response, and pro-reparative effects. MSCs can be preactivated thereby potentiating their effects, while the use of their extracellular vesicles can avoid whole cell administration. While early-phase clinical trials suggest safety, considerable challenges exist in moving forward to phase III efficacy studies, and to implementation as a therapy should they prove effective.

scholarly journals In Vivo Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Two Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1199-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar E. Simonson ◽  
Dimitrios Mougiakakos ◽  
Nina Heldring ◽  
Giulio Bassi ◽  
Henrik J. Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
In Vivo Effects

scholarly journals Strategies to Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibin Han ◽  
Yanmin Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Preclinical Models

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifaced disease characterized by the acute onset of hypoxemia, worsened pulmonary compliance, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite over five decades of research, specific treatments for established ARDS are still lacking. MSC-based therapies have the advantage of targeting nearly all pathophysiological components of ARDS by means of a variety of secreted trophic factors, exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic effects, resulting in significant structural and functional recovery following ARDS in various preclinical models. However, the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted MSCs is limited by their poor engraftment and low survival rate in the injured tissues, major barriers to clinical translation. Accordingly, several strategies have been explored to improve MSC retention in the lung and enhance the innate properties of MSCs in preclinical models of ARDS. To provide a comprehensive and updated view, we summarize a large body of experimental evidence for a variety of strategies directed towards strengthening the therapeutic potential of MSCs in ARDS.

scholarly journals Research Progress on Strategies that can Enhance the Therapeutic Benefits of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Respiratory Diseases With a Specific Focus on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Other Inflammatory Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rolandsson Enes ◽  
Anna D. Krasnodembskaya ◽  
Karen English ◽  
Claudia C. Dos Santos ◽  
Daniel J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Recent advances in cell based therapies for lung diseases and critical illnesses offer significant promise. Despite encouraging preclinical results, the translation of efficacy to the clinical settings have not been successful. One of the possible reasons for this is the lack of understanding of the complex interaction between mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and the host environment. Other challenges for MSC cell therapies include cell sources, dosing, disease target, donor variability, and cell product manufacturing. Here we provide an overview on advances and current issues with a focus on MSC-based cell therapies for inflammatory acute respiratory distress syndrome varieties and other inflammatory lung diseases.

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