scholarly journals New Reports of Wild Mushroom Diversity from Foothill Region of Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasundhra Sharma ◽  
A. K. Jaitly
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Wild Mushroom ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Mushroom Sample

A The present investigation was undertaken in foothill regions of Uttarakhand from July-2016 up to December-2018. A total of thirty four different sites ranging from the roadside areas, grasslands to forests were studied and Mushroom fruiting bodies were collected. A total of One Hundred sixty six fruiting counts were obtained and 68 mushroom genera belonging to 15 orders and 43 families were identified. During collection visits mushroom were apparent from organic debris of diversified habitats ranging from humid soil; grassland; leaf litter; living tree trunk; dead wood log of forest zone. Maximum fruiting bodies (75%) were obtained between July to September and minimum i.e. 6% between November – February. Among the collected mushroom Stereum rugosum, Crepidotus variabilis, Laccaria laccata, Schizophyllum commune, Ganoderma applantum, Cantharellus cibarius were more prevalent. Out of all collected mushroom sample the frequency of Mushroom belonging to order Agaricales was 45.18% followed by Polyporales i.e., 27.7%. The collected mushroom were cultured on PDA medium and their mycelial forms were preserved for further studies.

scholarly journals Lessons on fruiting body morphogenesis from genomes and transcriptomes of Agaricomycetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo G Nagy ◽  
Peter Jan Vonk ◽  
Markus Kunzler ◽  
Csenge Foldi ◽  
Mate Viragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

Fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are among the most complex structures produced by fungi. Unlike vegetative hyphae, fruiting bodies grow determinately and follow a genetically encoded developmental program that orchestrates tissue differentiation, growth and sexual sporulation. In spite of more than a century of research, our understanding of the molecular details of fruiting body morphogenesis is limited and a general synthesis on the genetics of this complex process is lacking. In this paper, we aim to comprehensively identify conserved genes related to fruiting body morphogenesis and distill novel functional hypotheses for functionally poorly characterized genes. As a result of this analysis, we report 921 conserved developmentally expressed gene families, only a few dozens of which have previously been reported in fruiting body development. Based on literature data, conserved expression patterns and functional annotations, we provide informed hypotheses on the potential role of these gene families in fruiting body development, yielding the most complete description of molecular processes in fruiting body morphogenesis to date. We discuss genes related to the initiation of fruiting, differentiation, growth, cell surface and cell wall, defense, transcriptional regulation as well as signal transduction. Based on these data we derive a general model of fruiting body development, which includes an early, proliferative phase that is mostly concerned with laying out the mushroom body plan (via cell division and differentiation), and a second phase of growth via cell expansion as well as meiotic events and sporulation. Altogether, our discussions cover 1480 genes of Coprinopsis cinerea, and their orthologs in Agaricus bisporus, Cyclocybe aegerita, Armillaria ostoyae, Auriculariopsis ampla, Laccaria bicolor, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus tigrinus, Mycena kentingensis, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Schizophyllum commune, providing functional hypotheses for ~10% of genes in the genomes of these species. Although experimental evidence for the role of these genes will need to be established in the future, our data provide a roadmap for guiding functional analyses of fruiting related genes in the Agaricomycetes. We anticipate that the gene compendium presented here, combined with developments in functional genomics approaches will contribute to uncovering the genetic bases of one of the most spectacular multicellular developmental processes in fungi. Key words: functional annotation; comparative genomics; cell wall remodeling; development; fruiting body morphogenesis; mushroom; transcriptome

scholarly journals Effect of strains and extraction methods on β-glucan production, antioxidant properties, and FTIR Spectra from mushroom fruiting bodies of Schizophyllum commune Fr. in Thailand

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415
Author(s):  
N. Mongkontanawat ◽  
D. Thumrongchote
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Schizophyllum commune Fr., a native mushroom of Thailand, has a high nutritional value and is classified as a mushroom with medicinal properties that can neutralize the growth of many cancer cells. This research aimed to study the effect of S. commune strains and the extraction methods on the quantity and properties of β-glucan. The five S. commune Fr. strains used in this research consisted of Chanthaburi, 85-022, 85-023, 85-031, and 85- 043. There were two different β-glucan extraction methods employed: hot water (M1) and hot alkali extraction (M2), which were compared with the control (native-MR). The results indicated that the Chanthaburi strain has the highest β-glucan content 49.20±0.35% (w/w), and high potential antioxidant activity (79.14±0.77 DPPH% and 50.92±0.48 ABTS%) (p < 0.05). The extraction methods did not affect the yield of β-glucan, except the antioxidant properties and chemical structure of the extract substance. The extract substance from M2 has significantly the highest potential antioxidant activity (80.22±0.51). A mushroom juice drink in cans was developed using 1-day-old MR and adjusted pH of more than 7, which can increase the antioxidant properties of the product.

Hydrolysis of oligosaccharides by a fungal α-galactosidase from fruiting bodies of a wild mushroom Leucopaxillus tricolor

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1043-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueran Geng ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Lijing Xu ◽  
Hexiang Wang ◽  
Tzi Bun Ng
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Wild Mushroom ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A mushroom-inducing DNA sequence isolated from the Basidiomycete, Schizophyllum commune.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Horton ◽  
C A Raper
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Genomic Dnas ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Mating Interaction ◽  
Normal Requirement

Abstract A DNA sequence capable of inducing the de novo development of fruiting bodies (mushrooms) when integrated into the genome of unmated, nonfruiting strains of the Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune has been isolated and partially characterized. This sequence, designated FRT1, overrides the normal requirement of a mating interaction for fruiting in this organism. It has been shown to integrate stably in different chromosome locations and appears to be trans-acting. It also enhances the normal process of fruiting that occurs after mating. Additional DNA sequences with similarity to FRT1 were detected within the genome of the strain of origin by hybridization of labeled FRT1 DNA to blots of digested genomic DNAs. FRT1 and the genomic sequences similar to it were shown to be genetically linked. Southern hybridization experiments suggested sequence divergence at the FRT1 locus between different strains of S. commune. A testable model for how FRT1 may act as a key element in the pathway for the differentiation of fruiting bodies is presented as a working hypothesis for further investigation.

scholarly journals Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of N Glycosylation in the Mushroom-Forming Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (13) ◽  
pp. 4648-4652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Berends ◽  
Robin A. Ohm ◽  
Jan F. de Jong ◽  
Gerard Rouwendal ◽  
Han A. B. Wösten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT N-linked glycans of Schizophyllum commune consist of Man5-9GlcNAc2 structures. Lack of further glycan maturation is explained by the absence of genes encoding such functions in this and other homobasidiomycetes. N-linked glycans in vegetative mycelium and fruiting bodies of S. commune are mainly Man7GlcNAc2 and Man5GlcNAc2, respectively, suggesting more efficient mannose trimming in the mushroom.

Effect of minimum diameter at breast height and standing dead wood field measurements on the accuracy of ALS-based forest inventory

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1280-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Keränen ◽  
Jussi Peuhkurinen ◽  
Petteri Packalen ◽  
Matti Maltamo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
Young Forests

Where airborne laser scanning (ALS) measures the entire aboveground vegetation, the target of a stand-level forest inventory is usually the living tree stock above a given diameter but excluding standing dead trees. The aim here was to investigate the effects of varying field-measured minimum diameters (3–10 cm) and standing dead wood on ALS-based forest inventories. The characteristics considered in this case were volume, basal area, number of stems, mean diameter, and mean height for each species, as well as the total growing stock and the total aboveground biomass. The field data comprised measurements of all trees that were ≥3 cm at breast height (1.3 m) on 601 sample plots located in pine-dominated managed forests in eastern Finland. The results showed that the minimum diameter had a significant effect on the estimates obtained in young forests, for which the three smallest minimum diameter datasets (3, 4, and 5 cm) gave the most accurate estimates. Minimum diameter had no marked influence in the case of middle-aged or mature forests. The inclusion of standing dead trees did not have any effect on the estimates of living tree characteristics. The effect of minimum diameter is minor where large-area inventory applications are concerned; however, especially from a silvicultural point of a view, a minimum diameter of 3 cm should be employed in young forests, for which a large proportion of the tree stock usually consists of small trees, i.e., with diameters of <5 cm.

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