Parvovirus infection in children and pregnant women

Parvovirus (PV) is a widespread infection, despite the fact that this pathogen was discovered only recently. The therapeutic effect of PV, in particular its oncolytic activity, is being actively studied now. Notably, PVs causing infections in animals, such as rat PV H-1, caninae PV, and rodent protoparvovirus (minute virus of mice) suppress oncogenesis in these animals. There is an ex vivo evidence of rat glioblastoma and gliosarcoma sensitivity to PV. The affinity of PV B19 to P-antigen located primarily on the membranes of erythroid cells is crucial for the disease pathogenesis. The teratogenic effect of PV B19 is associated with its ability to infect placental cells (P-antigen is present on the cells of chorionic villi and surface of the trophoblast). PV infection can be acquired or congenital, typical or atypical. The outcome of intrauterine infection with PV B19 largely depends on the gestation age when the infection occurred. Women infected during the second trimester are at higher risk of vertical transmission and severe intrauterine pathology with a poor outcome than those infected during the third trimester. Constant contact with young children significantly increases the risk of PV B19 infection among pregnant women with no immunity to this virus. Serum is the most convenient biomaterial for detecting both PV DNA and virus-specific antibodies. One test for anti-PV IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is sufficient to determine the immune status of a patient. Polymerase chain reaction with amniotic fluid is used to diagnose intrauterine infection with PV B19. Blood components and products should be checked for PV B19. High frequency of PV B19 detection in the blood of donors necessitates the development of special measures aimed at prevention of virus transmission. Key words: pregnant women, children, parvovirus B19, parvovirus infection

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Congenital Viral Infection: Traversing the Uterine-Placental Interface

Annual Review of Virology ◽

10.1146/annurev-virology-092917-043236 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 273-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Lenore Pereira

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Intrauterine Infection ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Novel Treatments ◽

The Past ◽

Human Viruses

Why certain viruses cross the physical barrier of the human placenta but others do not is incompletely understood. Over the past 20 years, we have gained deeper knowledge of intrauterine infection and routes of viral transmission. This review focuses on human viruses that replicate in the placenta, infect the fetus, and cause birth defects, including rubella virus, varicella-zoster virus, parvovirus B19, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and hepatitis E virus type 1. Detailed discussions include ( a) the architecture of the uterine-placental interface, ( b) studies of placental explants ex vivo that provide insights into the infection and spread of CMV and ZIKV to the fetal compartment and how these viruses undermine early development, and ( c) novel treatments and vaccines that limit viral replication and have the potential to reduce dissemination, vertical transmission and the occurrence of congenital disease.

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Ex vivo cytokine responses against parvovirus B19 antigens in previously infected pregnant women

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.10420 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 475-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Amanda Corcoran ◽

Bernard P. Mahon ◽

Peter McParland ◽

Anne Davoren ◽

Sean Doyle

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Cytokine Responses

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The State of Cellular Immunity and Cytokine Balance in Pregnant Women at Intrauterine Infection

Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.37482/2687-1491-z069 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 316-326

Author(s):

Larisa Belotserkovtseva ◽

◽

Lyudmila Kovalenko ◽

Tat’yana Sinyukova ◽

Inna Mordovina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Intrauterine Infection ◽

The State ◽

Placental Insufficiency ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cervical Canal ◽

Cytokine Balance ◽

Ascending Infection ◽

Cell Immunity

The question of studying changes in the immune responses of mother and foetus against the background of infections acquired via various routes remains relevant. This study aimed to assess the state of T-cell immunity and cytokine balance in pregnant women with various pathways of intrauterine infection and the condition of newborns. The study involved 205 pregnant women at high risk for intrauterine infection. In the 1st trimester, bacteriological and DNA analysis of the lower urogenital tract and cytological examination of the cervical canal were performed, blood levels of immunoglobulins M and G for herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus infection, toxoplasmosis, and rubella were determined. In the whole blood of the women, lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed using CYTO-STAT® triCHROMETM CD8-FITC/CD4-RD1/CD3-FITC monoclonal antibodies; the content of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) was analysed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After delivery, a pathomorphological examination of the placenta was performed in line with the generally accepted method. According to the results of the study, the following groups of women were identified: 1) without infectious or inflammatory changes (n = 59); 2) with confirmed ascending infection (n = 69); 3) with haematogenous infection (n = 33); 4) with mixed infection (n = 44). The condition of newborns was assessed with the help of laboratory and instrumental methods, using the INTERGROWTH-21st charts and the Apgar score. We found that the functioning of the immune system of pregnant women is affected by viral infections acquired via the haematogenous route, resulting in a relative increase in suppressor T cells and a decrease in helper T cells, as well as ina growing absolute number of lymphocytes in the blood. The identified inhibition of IL-6 and IL-10 production in the groups with signs of placental lesions due to infection at 16–18 weeks can indicate a strain on the immune processes and development of placental insufficiency. Newborns with morphological signs of haematogenous infection are characterized by changes in the cytological parameters of residual cord blood, signs of placental insufficiency, low birth weight, and hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system.

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Modern methods of treatment of intrauterinenon-immune fetal hydropsinduced by parvovirus infection

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2020.151-152.43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

N.P. Bondarenko ◽

◽

V.P. Lakatosh ◽

Ya.M. Vitovsky ◽

T.T. Narytnyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Terminal Condition ◽

Fetal Anemia ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Gestation Age ◽

Intrauterine Transfusion ◽

Lethal Rate

During ultrasonography examinationfetuses infected by parvovirus B19, we have established 36/129 (27.9%) cases of non-immune hydrops in the different periods of pregnancy.The hyperdynamic type of blood flow in fetal middle cerebral arterial was observed in fetuses at the second trimester. Measurement of fetal middle cerebral arteria peak systolic velocity was started at 18 weeks of gestationonce a week in pregnant women who were infected by parvovirus B19. During our study were found 17 cases of severe fetal anemia which manifested after 18 weeks of gestation.Intrauterine transfusions were performed for 11 pregnant women with parvovirus induced fetal hydrops whose gestation age were between 22.4 -25.7 (average 24.0±0.2). After cordocentesis11 cases of severe fetal anemia were confirmed.In the last 6 cases fetuses were diagnosed terminal condition due to women`s refusal of intrauterine transfusion or untimely admission to the hospital. Taking to account the results of study, the efficacy of treatment non-immune hydrops infected by parvovirus B19 with severe fetal anemia and outcomes were evaluated and analyzed. Successful treatment of parvovirus-induced fetal non-immune hydrops in the second trimester of pregnancy has been found in 72.7% cases (OR=95%) after intrauterine transfusion compared to 100% lethal rate in fetuses with non-immune hydrops and severe anemia who were not treated. Criteria for effectiveness of intrauterine transfusion are in time diagnosis of severe fetal anemia in infected fetus with non-immune hydrops, determine the optimal gestation age for intrauterine transfusion, indicators of viremia in umbilical cord blood, the compensatory capacity of the fetus based on Doppler metric indicator of middle cerebral arterial peak systolic velocity and changes blood flow in ductus venous of the fetus. It helps to reduce perinatal loss. Keywords: parvovirus infection, non-immune hydrops fetalis, intrauterine transfusion.

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Features of diagnosis of parvovirus infection during pregnancy

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2017.124.27 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

N.P. Bondarenko ◽

◽

W.P. Lakatoch ◽

O.J. Kostenko ◽

P.W. Lakatoch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Woman ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Key Words ◽

Fetal Development ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Intrauterine Infection ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽

Main Factor

Clinical and diagnostic data of 129 cases of parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy are presented. Serological and virological results ofparvovirus infection examination of pregnant women and fetuses were evaluated. In 50.4% of cases, the main factor ofdiseasetransmissionis physical contact of pregnant woman with children who had infectious erythema. Parvovirus infection is diagnosed in 27% of casespregnant women at a risk of intrauterine infection during pregnancy. In 38% of pregnant women, the infection is asymptomatic and can be accidentally detected by the method of determining antibodies to parvovirus B19. In 62%cases maternal and fetal symptoms manifest in parvovirus infection during pregnancy. In 70% of maternal symptoms correlates with fetus symptoms. Diagnosis of transplacental transmission of parvovirus B19 with symptomatic manifestations of infection occurs in 36.4%. The main clinical symptom of fetal parvovirus infection is the development of non-immune hydrop. In the structure of echographic diagnosis of intrauterine anomalies of fetal development, parvovirus infection occurs in 4.7%. Key words: parvovirus infection, pregnancy, symptomatology, diagnostics.

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PREVALENCE OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 IgG AND IgM ANTIBODIES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITAL IDO-EKITI, NIGERIA.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.21010/ajid.v15i2.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Richard Yomi Akele ◽

Jennifer Tamuno Abelekum ◽

Bernard Oluwapelum Oluboyo ◽

Janet Funmilayo Akinseye ◽

Seyi Samson Enitan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Antenatal Clinic ◽

Assay Method ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Human Parvovirus B19 ◽

Igm Antibodies

Background: Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a DNA virus, transmitted through respiratory secretions, hand-to-mouth-contact, blood transfusion and trans-placental transfer. It causes high mortality and morbidity in pregnant women, thus contributing to poor maternal and child health. B19V has been neglected due to dearth of epidemiological data. The aim of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence of Human Parvovirus B19 antibodies among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled pregnant women attending Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti from January to May 2019 to obtain sero-epidemiological data. One hundred and twenty-two (122) consenting pregnant women were enrolled following institutional ethical approval. They were administered structured questionnaire and venous blood was collected in plain tubes for serum extraction. Sera samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Percentages, median, chi-square and multivariate analysis were carried out using SPSS version 17. Results: The prevalence of IgG was 44.3% (54/122), IgM 41.8% (51/122), and IgG/IgM 28.7% (35/122) leaving 55.7% (68/122) of the population uninfected. The median age of participants was 22 (Interquartile range 18-25) years among which 36-45years had the highest prevalence which was not statistically significant (p=0.09 4.75). There was association between miscarriage, still birth, history of blood transfusion and prevalence of Human Parvovirus B19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a high Prevalence of B19V among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in this study. This underscores the need for testing and immunization of pregnant women against B19V.

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Determinants that govern alternative splicing of the large intron of minute virus of mice p4-generated PRE-mRNA

10.32469/10355/6696 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Eun-Young Choi

Keyword(s):

Alternative Splicing ◽

Minute Virus Of Mice ◽

Large Intron ◽

Minute Virus

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Pathological features of the sequence in pregnant women with delayed fetal growth

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2019.140.50 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

V.O. Golyanovskiy ◽

◽

Ye.O. Didyk ◽

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Normal Development ◽

Intrauterine Infection ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Control Group ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Infection And Inflammation

Pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of adverse perinatal and long-term complications compared with the birth of children with normal body weight. Thus, IUGR is one of the main challenges for the global health system, especially in poor and developing countries. Morpho-functional studies of the placentas help in determining the causes of IUGR, and therefore, timely prevent complications in pregnant women with IUGR. The objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate various morphometric and pathomorphological changes in the placenta, including inflammatory, in cases of IUGR, and to establish a correlation of these results with the etiology and complications for the fetus. Materials and methods. In the current study, 54 placentas of the fetuses with IUGR (the main group) were compared with 50 placentas of the fetuses with normal development (control group). The criteria for the inclusion of IUGR were gestational age more than 30 weeks and all fetuses with a weight less than 10th percentile for this period of pregnancy. The placenta material was studied pathomorphologically with laboratory screening for infection and inflammation. Similarly, the results were determined for placentas of the fetuses with normal development compared to placentas with IUGR. Results. The placenta study showed the presence of calcification in the case of IUGR, as well as in the case of prolonged pregnancy. However, calcification of the placenta in the case of IUGR was more progressive compared with placenta in the normal pregnancy. In addition, the presence of intrauterine infection and inflammation was observed, which could also lead to an adverse outcome for the further progression of pregnancy with IUGR. Conclusion. A comparative macro- and microscopic pathomorphological study of the placentas in the two groups has shown a significant increase in the pathological changes in all the anatomical structures of the fetuses with IUGR. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal weight, pathomorphological changes of the placenta.

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