Understanding the Trade Imbalance and Employment Decline in U.S. Manufacturing

AbstractBased on the theory of trade added value, this paper discusses the potential actual trade scale and benefit damage degree of the two countries under the background of big country game by measuring the real trade scale of China and the USA, simulating the economic impact of tariffs imposed by China and the USA and utilizing Wang–Wei–Zhu (WWZ) method to decompose the potential changes in Sino-US trade. The results show that: firstly, the size of China-US trade in terms of total value is significantly overestimated and China's overall trade with the USA in 2001–2014 was overestimated by an average of 3.06 percent, of which goods trade was overestimated by 8.06 percent. Secondly, although tariff increases can reduce the degree of trade imbalance between China and the USA to some extent, the adverse effects are mutual and global, and the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Japan and Canada become the main transfer countries of Sino-US trade. Thirdly, the pattern of China's final exports and the US' intermediate exports determines that China's trade interests are more damaged than those of the USA. It is proved that there is a big gap between China and the USA in the depth and breadth of China's participation in the value chain division of labor and the trade scale measured by Gross Domestic Product is more instructive than the total value.

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Regional Variations in Cyclical Employment

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a160863 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 863-877 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M I Howland

Keyword(s):

Labor Force ◽

Unemployment Insurance ◽

Capital Stock ◽

Insurance Benefits ◽

World War 2 ◽

Short Run ◽

State Employment ◽

State Variation ◽

Industrial Mix ◽

Employment Decline

In this paper the author develops and tests a model of regional responses to national business-cycles. The model divides cyclical decline in each state into two sectors: a basic sector and a nonbasic sector. The industrial mix, capital—labor ratio, age of capital stock, level of unemployment insurance benefits, labor shortage, and extent of labor-force unionization of a state are hypothesized to influence the response to national recessions by the economy of a state. Employment decline in the nonbasic sector of the economy of a state is a function of employment decline in basic industries and is transmitted through a short-run multiplier. The model is tested on data from five post World War 2 recessions between 1950 and 1975. The findings indicate that industry mix at the two-digit Standard Industrial Code level explains 36% of the across-state variation in cyclical employment. The results also indicate that an old capital-stock, a nonunion labor force, and generous unemployment insurance benefits promote cyclical stability in state economies.

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An Analysis Of China’s Import-Export Trade Imbalance And Relevant Adjustments

The China Economy Yearbook ◽

10.1163/ej.9789004168022.i-338.85 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 277-306

Author(s):

Pei Changhong ◽

Sheng Ti

Keyword(s):

Export Trade ◽

Trade Imbalance

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Declining Physical Activity and the Socio-Cultural Context of the Geography of Industrial Restructuring: A Novel Conceptual Framework

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2012-0173 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 683-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Esther Rind ◽

Andy Jones

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Population Level ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Industrial Restructuring ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Industrial Change ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Sociocultural Processes ◽

Employment Decline

Background:At the population level, the prevalence of physical activity has declined considerably in many developed countries in recent decades. There is some evidence that areas exhibiting the lowest activity levels are those which have undergone a particularly strong transition away from employment in physically demanding occupations. We propose that processes of deindustrialization may be causally linked to unexplained geographical disparities in levels of physical activity. While the sociocultural correlates of physical activity have been well studied, and prior conceptual frameworks have been developed to explain more general patterns of activity, none have explicitly attempted to identify the components of industrial change that may impact physical activity.Methods:In this work we review the current literature on sociocultural correlates of health behaviors before using a case study centered on the United Kingdom to present a novel framework that links industrial change to declining levels of physical activity.Results:We developed a comprehensive model linking sociocultural correlates of physical activity to processes associated with industrial restructuring and discuss implication for policy and practice.Conclusions:A better understanding of sociocultural processes may help to ameliorate adverse health consequences of employment decline in communities that have experienced substantial losses of manual employment.

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Main Characteristics of Vietnam–China Trade Relations, 2000–15

China Report ◽

10.1177/0009445517711510 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 355-366

Author(s):

Ngo Xuan Binh

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Trade Imbalance ◽

Trade Relations ◽

Export Structure ◽

The North ◽

China Trade ◽

Key Characteristics ◽

Import And Export ◽

The Relationship

Entering the 21st century, trade relations between Vietnam and China have grown strongly, making positive contributions to the economic development of the two countries. However, the relationship in the period 2000–15 also witnessed a number of thorny issues such as a serious trade imbalance against Vietnam, the ‘North to South’ nature in the import and export structure of the two countries, Vietnam’s growing dependence on bilateral trade with China, and so on. These issues have affected negatively Vietnam’s economy. Based on data analysis, the author identifies the key characteristics of trade relations between Vietnam and China and highlights possible solutions for Vietnam to move its trade relations with China in a more balanced direction.

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