Main Characteristics of Vietnam–China Trade Relations, 2000–15

China Report ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Ngo Xuan Binh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Relationship

Entering the 21st century, trade relations between Vietnam and China have grown strongly, making positive contributions to the economic development of the two countries. However, the relationship in the period 2000–15 also witnessed a number of thorny issues such as a serious trade imbalance against Vietnam, the ‘North to South’ nature in the import and export structure of the two countries, Vietnam’s growing dependence on bilateral trade with China, and so on. These issues have affected negatively Vietnam’s economy. Based on data analysis, the author identifies the key characteristics of trade relations between Vietnam and China and highlights possible solutions for Vietnam to move its trade relations with China in a more balanced direction.

scholarly journals Bilateral Trades between Egypt and Malaysia: Issues and Opportunities for Further Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Muda ◽  
Siti Nurazira Daud ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim Eldeeb
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phenomenological Case Study ◽  
Further Development

Egypt and Malaysia are both belong to the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), have similar historical background that both have been under the British colony and have enjoyed independence at almost within the same period. However, trades between the two countries are relatively small and if based on the socio-economic background the magnitude of trades between the two countries can be further improved. This paper traces the historical development of bilateral trade relationship between Egypt and Malaysia in order to understand the strength and weaknesses. The aim is to develop possible proposals for further enhancement of the relationship. The main objective of this paper is to investigate factors that may enhance integration and cooperation between Egypt and Malaysia. The research used qualitative analysis approach by looking at the trade sectors and volumes over the period of 2000-2012, based on the phenomenological case study method. It is found that Egypt and Malaysia enjoyed significant bilateral trade relations since independence of Malaysia in 1957, especially in the fields of culture and education. Because of the appreciation of the Malaysian citizens to the Islamic-based education such as Islamic studies, medicine and pharmacy particularly the world renowned institution of Al-Azhar University, thousands of Malaysians have enrolled and graduated from this university and other related institutions. On the other hand Malaysia is falling behind Argentina, Brazil and India in terms of export to Egypt. However recently, Malaysia has been becoming a popular for the Egyptian tourists. The paper explores a proposal for further improvement in terms of bilateral trades based on Islamic approach.

scholarly journals An Ancient Mosque In Ningbo, China “Historical And Architectural Study”

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamada Muhammed Hagras
Keyword(s):  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Northern Song ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

<p>With the rise of Tang dynasty (618–907), Ningbo was an important commercial city on the Chinese eastern coast. Arab merchants had an important role in trade relations between China and the West. Ningbo mosque was initially built in 1003 during Northern Song period by Muslims traders who had migrated from Arab lands to settle in China. Through ongoing research of representative Muslim architecture, such as Chinese Mosques, this paper seeks to shed light on the artistic features of this mosque. Many of the key characteristics of this distinctive ethnic heritage are based on commonly held religious beliefs and on the relationship between culture and religion. This paper aims to study the characteristics of Chinese mosques architecture, through studying one of the most important planning patterns of the traditional courtyards plan Known as <em>Siheyuan</em>, and it will also make a practical study on Ningbo Yuehu Mosque. The result of this study shows that the Ningbo Yuehu mosque is like Chinese mosques which follows essentially the norms of Chinese planning, layout design, and wooden structures.</p>

scholarly journals History of Ukraine-China Bilateral Trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Lev Vlasenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Current Stage

Annotation. Introduction. During the years of Ukrainian independence, China has risen from a relatively insignificant country in Asia to the biggest trade partner of Ukraine surpassing even Russia and other post-Soviet republics both in amount and the importance of bilateral trade. To fully understand the current dynamics of bilateral trade between Ukraine and China, it is necessary to explore the history of these relations from ancient times to the current stage to improve the strategy for cooperation between Ukraine and China. Purpose. To study the history of bilateral trade relations of Ukraine and China from first diplomatic contacts to contemporary relations, to identify patterns and trends that affect the dynamics of trade, to outline mistakes and shortcomings of Ukrainian diplomacy, and to provide recommendations for improvement. Result. The revealed pattern of diplomatic and trade relations between Ukraine and China may be considered as an indicator s that China has been viewing Ukraine as a political entity even before the declaration of independence in 1991. International relations between Ukraine and China have a deep and strong historical tradition with a wide range of forms and methods of cooperation in the fields of politics, economics, and culture. Conclusions. The revealed dynamics of bilateral trade prove that the negative trends in trade between Ukraine and China are not always related to the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy or global market conditions and may have resulted from the mistakes and failures of Ukrainian diplomacy. To prevent these mistakes in the future, it is necessary to have qualified specialists trained to work with China and conduct effective negotiations at the highest level and monitor their correct coverage in the official documents and press. Keywords: international trade; bilateral trade; Ukraine-China trade; Soviet-China trade.

scholarly journals NIGERIA-CHINA: AN EXAMINATION OF RECENT BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabiru Hannafi Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
High Possibility

This study examines the trends, composition, and intensity of Nigeria-China bilateral trade for the period, 1992-2016. Tables, graphs, and trade intensity formula were used. The results show that Nigeria’s trade with China has considerably recorded remarkable growth. With the exception of mineral fuels and products of their distillation, the share of major products exported to China over the period remained insignificant. More importantly, the results reveal that the share of major products imported from China remained significant, indicating that Chinese exports supply to Nigeria is more diversified than that of Nigeria's exports supply to China. Nigeria’s trade intensity index shows a low possibility of increasing export to China and a high possibility of increasing import from China. In the case of China, there is exists a high possibility of increasing its export and decreasing its import to and from Nigeria. Based on the study’s findings, the study recommends an urgent need for Nigeria's government to encourage the export of various products in order to promote bilateral trade and mitigate the existing trade imbalance. The study further recommends the need for government, researchers, and export promotion agencies to identify new market opportunities for Nigeria's exports in the Chinese market.

scholarly journals The dynamics of China-Ethiopia trade relations: economic capacity, balance of trade & trade regimes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manickam Venkataraman ◽  
Solomon M Gofie
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Trade Regimes ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
Economic Capacity

China’s trade with Ethiopia currently at 1.3 billion USD annually is expected to rise to US$3 billion by 2015. This not only informs the level of bilateral trade ties that Ethiopia has had with China as compared to any other country in the region but also signifies the highest and the closest level of bilateral relations that Ethiopia has built upwith China over the past decade since the new government under Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) took over power in 1991. There have been extensive debates on China’s role in Africa - whether it could be viewed as a constructive partner or otherwise. This essay puts forward the argument that while trade ties as one important channel of bilateral relations that China has embarked with the outside world and particularly with Africa is uneven and lop-sided. This is true of the Ethiopian context as well particularly when we look at the economic capacity, balance of trade and at the two countries relations with international trade regimes. While China is a full member of WTO for over a decade Ethiopia on the other hand has been aspiring to become a member for some time now and hence one of the important aspect of Ethio-China trade relations is the heavy reliance on bilateral/international trade regimes. Therefore, this research is aimed at unraveling the dynamics in Sino-Ethiopia trade relations with emphasis on the economic capacity of the two countries, balance of trade and explore whether Ethiopia’s attempts to join WTO would lead to a more predictable trade relations between the two countries. In this attempt the research would largely rely on the analysis of relevant archival resources and literatures directly relating to the themes in this paper.

scholarly journals Development of Trade Relations of Bosnia and Hercegovina with Slovenia: Different Aspects and Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Snježana Brkić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Industry Specialization ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trade Analysis

AbstractThe paper is aimed at identifying characteristics of trade relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with the Republic of Slovenia (Slovenia) in order to contribute to determining the position of BiH in its bilateral trade. The foreign trade analysis has been performed in the context of the changing trade regime between the two countries, thereby including both institutional and functional aspects of bilateral trade relations development. Different trade indicators have been calculated and interpreted for the period of 2003-2017 and/or for selected years which were identified by a change in the institutional regulations of mutual trade flows. The research results indicate increasing trade intensity between the two countries, with almost balanced export and import flows and with prevailing inter-industry trade. The trade performance of BiH has significantly improved, with increasing intra-industry specialization and trade. However, the export structure and comparative advantage pattern are not favourable toward BiH, which points to the need for improving the country’s position in its trade with Slovenia.

scholarly journals Vietnam-China Trade Relations and the Effects of the US-China Trade War

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quang Hiep
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Trade Partners

By calculating the trade indexes (TII, RCA and IIT), mainly in the period 2001-2017, the article analyzes current situation of the dependent relationship and ability to complement each other on trade between Vietnam and China. The results show that Vietnam and China are increasingly becoming important trade partners of each other; Vietnam and China have a particular advantage in the export structure of its exports, showing the trade relations between the two countries are complementary to each other; and the level of intra-industry trade between Vietnam and China is quite high. The US - China trade war broke out will cause the  reversal of the global trade environment. However, in short term, the trade context of the Vietnam - China less affected by this tension. But in the long term, the sanctions are expanded to different sectors will can have unpredictable effects.

scholarly journals ASEAN- Australia Trade Relations by Stages of Processing: Comparative Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Phuong Ha Nguyen ◽  
Long Mong Hoang ◽  
Dung Duy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Comparative Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Ideal

ASEAN and Australia became the dialogue partner in 1974. Over 46 years of cooperation and development, ASEAN- Australia relations have achieved many good results, especially in recent years when two sides participate in several free trade agreements (FTAs) at bilateral levels and multilateral levels. In 2014, Australia and ASEAN formally became strategic partners, recognizing the importance of the relationship in building mutual benefits. Participation in FTAs and relationship upgrading has helped bilateral trade growth. In 2018-2019, Australia was the seventh-largest trading partner of ASEAN and ASEAN was one of Australia's top three trading partner, however, the two sides face many challenges such as the difficulties after the global crisis since 2009, the "spaghetti bowl" phenomenon of joining many agreements at the same time. Thus, to solve these problems, the production and exporting of comparative advantage goods by the stages of processing to participate in an ideal regional supply chain are very important. Based on the comparative theory and supply chain perspectives The paper compared revealed comparative advantage indexes of ASEAN countries and Australia from 2009 through 2018 to find which country in ASEAN is Australia's suitable partner from which provided the ideal effective supply chain distribution. After that, through trade value comparison, the paper examed if ASEAN countries and Australia specialized in production by stages of processing. From the results, appropriate recommendations were provided to enhance the trade relations between ASEAN and Australia.

ÖRGÜTLERDE ÖRGÜTSEL BOLLUĞUN GİRİŞİMSEL ORYANTASYON ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdan Gürkan ◽  
Ahmet Ferda Çakmak
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Organizational Slack ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of entrepreneurial orientation, which emerges with the development of strategic management, refers to entrepreneurship orientations of businesses. The businesses need resources in other words organizational slack in order to develop their entrepreneurial trends. The organizational slack consists of three slack type. These slack types are available slack, recoverable slack and potential slack. The purpose of this study is to examine whether organizational slack in the businesses has an effect on entrepreneurial orientation. The relationship between organizational slack and entrepreneurial orientation was investigated through 20 companies that were traded in Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index for 2010-2014 period using panel data analysis method. The results of the study indicate the existence of a statistically significant relationship between and the available slack and the recoverable slack with the entrepreneurial orientation in the businesses. According to findings; there was no statistically significant relationship between potential slack and entrepreneurial orientation.

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