scholarly journals Effect planting dates and varieties on infestation of maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitamber Thakur ◽  
Ghanashyam Bhandari ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Buddhi Bahadur Achhami
Keyword(s):  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Weekly Interval ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Maize Varieties

Studies on the effect of different planting dates and varieties of maize on the infestation of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) were carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal in  2010/11 and 2011/12. Three maize varieties namely namely Arun-2, Rampur Composite and Gaurav (hybrid) were grown at weekly interval upto 52 weeks from January to December. The results revealed that the damage was higher in Arun-2 (38.9%) followed by Gaurav (35.4%) and Rampur Composite (30.8%) respectively. Higher damage was observed in April (58.2%) and the damage was gradually decreased toward the month of January/February (13.2 to 25.6%) and November/December (13.3 to 16.5%). Lower infestation was observed in winter season (22.5%) followed by spring (47.1%) and summer season (47.0%) respectively. This study suggests that the percent infestation of maize stem borer can be minimized by planting Rampur Composite variety in winter season.

Life cycle study of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) under laboratory condition at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-346
Author(s):  
Saraswati Neupane ◽  
Subash Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Entomological Research

Maize stem borer (Chilo partellus swinhoe) is one of the major threatening global pests of maize and considered as the national top priority entomological research problem in Nepal. The Life cycle of maize stem borer was studied under laboratory condition at National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during 2018. Development of stem borer undergoes following stages like egg, larvae, pupa and adult. Eggs and different instars of maize stem borer larvae were collected from maize fields were put with host materials (maize leaf and stem) to become different instars of larva, pupae and finally turned to adults. Eggs were harvested from adults and kept on blotting paper which was kept inside petriplates and reared for adults. Their life span in each stage (egg, larva and pupa) and the fecundity of adults recorded. Daily room temperature and relative humidity (RH) in laboratory conditions were recorded. The Egg incubation period ranged from 4-7 days and hatched generally in the early morning (6-8 AM). The complete larvae period ranged from 29 to 36 days while pupal period was ranged from 7 to 12 days. The average male pupal length was found 13 mm and female was 16 mm long. The fecundity of C. partellus Swinhoe was recorded 150-160 eggs per female. The Oviposition period was  4 days and adult male survived for 4-7 days while female for 4-9 days. The average life cycle of C. partellus completed in (44-48) days during summer whereas (60-64) days during winter at average room temperature of (26-27° C) and RH of (70-80%). These results have important implications to know the survival and development of pest including effective pest management strategy.

scholarly journals Management of stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) in maize using conventional pesticides in Chitwan, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Neupane ◽  
Ghanashyam Bhandari ◽  
Sheela Devi Sharma ◽  
Surendra Yadav ◽  
Subash Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Crop Research

The stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) is one of the most destructive pests of maize crop. Research experimentations were carried out on maize to control stem borer using conventional pesticides under field condition during summer season of two consecutive years from 2015 to 2016 at Rampur, Chitwan. All used pesticides had significant effect (P≤0.05) on percent damage and crop yield over control. In 2015, the lower percent damage (5.3%) with higher crop yield (4.52 t ha-1) and lowest insect score (1.00) was observed in plot sprayed with spinosad 45% EC at 0.5 ml L-1 of water followed by plot treated with chloropyriphos 50% EC+cypermethrin 5% EC @1.5ml L-1 of water with percent damage of 6.60%, crop yield (4.23 t ha-1) and insect score of 1.60. Almost similar trend of insect incidence along with damage percentage and yield data were observed in 2016. The higher percent damage control (79.06%) was observed at the plot sprayed after spinosad 45% EC at 0.5 ml L-1 of water with higher crop yield (4.58 t ha-1) and lowest insect score (1.00) followed by the plot treated with imidacloprid 17.8% @ 0.5 ml L-1 of water with percent damage control of 73.10 %, crop yield (3.38 t/ha) and insect sore 1.50. The highest percent damage (20.63%) was observed in the control plot with lower yield (0.95 t ha-1) and highest insect score (6.00). Over the years, spinosad 45% EC at 0.5 ml L-1 of water was effective bio-pesticide to control maize stem borer damage and also increase the yield.

scholarly journals Productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by varieties and sowing dates

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil Bahadur Gurung ◽  
Balram Bhandari ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Mahendra Prasad Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Maize Varieties

Genotypic yield potential of maize varieties is greatly affected by sowing dates. In order to investigate the effects of sowing dates and varieties on the grain yield of maize, the field experiment was carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from April 2009 to March 2010.  Three varieties namely Rampur Composite, Arun-2 and Gaurav were sown at every week. The results of experiment showed that interaction effect of variety and sowing date on grain yield of maize was significant. Rampur Composite produced highest grain yield (6.1 t/ha) in August and lowest yield (2.6 t/ha) in May. Similarly Arun-2 produced highest yield (4.6 t/ha) in August and lowest yield (2.1 t/ha) in May. Gaurav produced highest grain yield (5.1 t/ha) in September followed by 4.9, 4.8 and 4.6 t/ha in February, July and August respectively and lowest yield (1.5 t/ha) in November. The sowing date was highly significant on grain production. The highest grain production was 5.1 t/ha in August followed by in February (4.9 t/ha), September (4.6 t/ha) and March (4.4 t/ha) respectively. The lowest grain yield was produced in May (2.4 t/ha). Therefore it was concluded that August planting was best for higher grain production of maize varieties (Rampur Composite, Arun-2 and Gaurav) in terai region of Nepal.

scholarly journals Differential resistance reaction of maize genotypes to maize stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) at Chitwan, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Ghanashyam Bhandari ◽  
Bhuddhi Bahadur Achhami ◽  
Saraswati Neupane ◽  
Shila Devi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Tunnel Length ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Foliar Damage

Maize stem borer (MSB), Chilo partellus Swinhoe, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae is one of the most important insect pest of maize in Nepal. Host plant resistance is the cost-effective, ecologically sound and stable approach to reduce damage by stem borers. Forty four maize genotypes were screened for resistance to maize stem borer at the research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur during spring seasons (March to June) of two consecutive years 2013 and 2014. The maize genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications and data were collected on foliar damage rating, tunnel length and number of exit holes made by the borer. The foliar damage and tunnel length damage were significant for genotypes for both the years. The exit holes were not significant in 2013 but significant in 2014 ranging from 2-6 scale. The foliar rating ranged from 2 to 5.5 in 2013 and 1.1 to 4.5 in 2014 on a 1-9 rating scale. The highly resistant genotypes (<2.0 score) were R-POP-2 and RML-5/RML-8. The tunnel length ranged from 3.2 to 22.5 cm in 2013 and 4.2 to 20.4 cm in 2014 on 0- >10 cm scale. The least susceptible genotypes (<5 cm) were RampurSO3F8, RampurSO3FQ02 and RampurS10F18. The genotypes having least exit holes (2.0) in 2014 were RampurSO3F8, RampurSO3FQ02, RampurS10F18. Thus less damage parameters were observed in R-POP-2, RML-5/RML-8, RampurSO3F8, RampurSO3FQ02 and RampurS10F18 and therefore they can be used as parents or as sources of resistance in breeding program.

scholarly journals Accumulated heat unit and phenology of diverse maize varieties as affected by planting dates under Rampur condition, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
LP Amgain
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Stable Yield

Accumulated heat unit and phenology of a full season open pollinated and three specialty corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars (Hybrid, QPM and Pop) were studied by growing them on three different planting dates (September 1, October 1 and November 1) in RCB design at Rampur Chitwan, Nepal during the winter season of 2009-10. The results indicated that the number of days required to attain different phenological stages were short for the early winter and gradually long for late winter plantings. For all the phenological studies, plants of normal sowing condition (September 1) recorded comparatively higher heat units than the late planting (October 1 and November 1) for all cultivars. Both early and late plantings recorded the higher helio-thermal units at advanced growth phases than at the early stages. The pheno-thermal indices at the earlier growth stages were significantly higher for early planting than the late plantings. The heat use efficiency (HUE) was found to be higher under normal planting as compared to the late plantings. Popular maize variety Rampur Composite was found to be the most suitable to produce stable HUE than the other varieties tested. The specialty corn cultivars could not show stable yield in late planting conditions suggesting their planting could be better for September sowing during early winter seasons. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7526 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.111-120

PREVALENCE OF PSEUDOINVERTA ORAIENSIS IN FRESH WATER FISH, CLARIAS BATRACHUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADITYA NARAYAN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Water Fish

The present investigation deals with the prevalence of infection of cestode, Pseudoinverta oraiensis19 parasitizing Clarias batrachus from Bundelkhand Region (U.P.) India. The studies were recorded from different sampling stations of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. For this study 360 fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus were examined. The incidence of infection, monsoon season (17.50%) followed by winter season (20.00%) whereas high in summer season (30.00%).

APPLICATION OF SHIFTING ASSAY OF STANDARDIZED INDIRECT AGGLUTINATION (SSIA) FOR DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUSES IN CHICKEN FAECES

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phạm Hồng Sơn ◽  
Phạm Hồng Kỳ ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Lan Hương ◽  
Phạm Thị Hồng Hà
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

. Using the method of shifting assay of standardized indirect agglutination (SSIA), the prevalence of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) and infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) in chickens reared in several districts of Thua Thien Hue province in the Spring-Summer and Fall-Winter seasons was determined. In the Spring-Summer season of 2011, about 22.3% of the chickens were infected with NDV, in which A Luoi  accounted for the highest percentage of 25% of the infected chickens and Huong Thuy  the lowest  of 18.2%. Meanwhile, 36% of the same chickens were infected with IBDV, with the highest percentage (46.66%) also in A Luoi and the lowest (30.3%) also in Huong Thuy. The intensity of NDV infection in the Spring-Summer season in A Luoi and Phu Vang was highest (GMT = 1.45), and in Huong Thuy lowest (GMT = 1.31). In addition, in the Fall-Winter season, about 46% of the chickens were infected with NDV and 46.3% with IBDV in Huong Thuy and Phu Vang – two neighbouring districts of Hue City, in which NDV was detected in 54.4% of the chickens in Huong Thuy and 33.9% in Phu Vang. In contrast, IBDV was detected in 41.9% and 52.7% of the chickens respectively in the two districts. The infection was not inter-dependent. Methodically, although the differences in the infection rates were insignificant with the accuracy of 95%, faecal samples showed higher sensitivity in SSIA analyses for both cases of NDV and IBDV infection in comparision with mouth exudates. By SSIA method, results could be read clearly with unaided eyes for a long time after the performance, and it was also proven applicable for cases of haemagglutinating viruses if proper treatments for depletion of animal RBCs’ surface agglutinins could be applied.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis for Performance of Wind Turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Suaad danok ◽  
Kamal Twfek ◽  
Esraa Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Energy Rate ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Mechanic Energy ◽  
Power And Energy

This research depends on carrying out an applied and numerical analysis for capability to utilize winds turbines which considered as means of renewable and friendly energy to environment, and how to make use of this technology to generate electric energy in Kirkuk city. Where it was studied shifting kinetic energy of winds into mechanic energy and has been accomplishes install a horizontal-turbine in one of work sites in Kirkuk city of (16m) height of the ground level. It has tri-blades of (400W) power. It has been connected to an electric system supply designed and manufacture during the research period. In order to measure the voltage-difference and electric current consequently to measure the power and energy produced from the wind turbine and changed according to the wind speed alteration. Gauge records for two time seasons are taken by using the technology-programming of delicate controller in simultaneous work with meteorological system, so that it can set data-principle to be analyzed by using (MATLAB) program to find and check theoretical generated power compared with practical results and find the range of validity to generate the sufficient energy for domestic consumption. The results shows that summer season is better than winter season in using wind turbine in Kirkuk city. As the monthly energy rate produce during summer season has emerged to ten-time than monthly energy rate produced during winter season.

Establishment Stage Competition between Exotic Crimson Fountaingrass (Pennisetum setaceum, C4) and Native Purple Needlegrass (Stipa pulchra, C3)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn C. Sweet ◽  
Jodie S. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
California Grasslands ◽  
Pennisetum Setaceum

Southern California grasslands have largely been type-converted to dominance by exotic annual grasses, leading to displacement of many native grass and forb species. Crimson fountaingrass, Pennisetum setaceum, an exotic perennial C4 species and a relatively new invader to California, is expanding to areas currently occupied by purple needlegrass, Stipa pulchra, a C3 native. We predicted that fountaingrass seedlings might withstand cool season competition in California's Mediterranean-type climate and establish in Stipa pulchra grasslands due to less competition during the warm, dry summer season, and that interactions might be influenced by density. A field experiment was conducted to examine competitive interactions of the two species from the cool winter season to the warm summer season. As predicted, Stipa produced greater aboveground biomass in the cool season and showed strong intraspecific competition, as well as interspecific suppression of Pennisetum growth, whereas Pennisetum showed no suppression of Stipa. In the warm season, Stipa showed relatively less suppression of Pennisetum, erasing significant differences, and Pennisetum showed increased growth. Results of this study show that C3Stipa can suppress initial growth of C4Pennisetum in the cool season, but in warmer months, Pennisetum can overcome this initial suppression at both low and high densities, even within a Mediterranean-type climate with little to no summer rainfall. Thus, in southern California, temporal niche partitioning due to photosynthetic pathway in these two species can allow Pennisetum invasion. Given the similarity in life history and growth form of Stipa and Pennisetum, few options exist for controlling Pennisetum in habitats where Stipa occurs. In these cases, restoration plantings of desirable species are essential in order to reestablish competitive vegetation that will be more resistant to invasion.

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