PENGARUH LAJU ALIR LPG (SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR BURNER) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK NANOKOMPOSIT ZnO/Fe2O3 YANG DIBUAT MENGGUNAKAN FLAME SPRAY PYROLISIS

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Purwanto ◽  
Arif Jumari ◽  
Sperisa Distantina
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Side Product ◽  
Flame Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Flame Spray

<p><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>b</em></strong><strong><em>stract</em></strong>: <em>Biodiesel is produced through catalytic esterification process of vegetable oil and alcohol. Producing of biodiesel was much carried out using homogeneous catalyst (acid/base). These process had many disanvantages: high energy consumption, side product formed and complicated separation among side product and catalyst. ZnO as transesterification catalyst has given high yield. To improve the catalytic performance, surface area per mas of catalyst must be increased by decreasing size of particle. To ease separation between product and catalyst, magnetic behaviour should be added to the catalyst. Aims of research were to obtain nanocomposite ZnO/Fe</em><em>2</em><em>O</em><em>3   </em><em>and  determine  physical characteristic as  well  as  catalytic  and separation performance of nanocomposite ZnO/Fe</em><em>2</em><em>O</em><em>3</em><em>. Nanocomposite ZnO/Fe</em><em>2</em><em>O</em><em>3  </em><em>w</em><em>a</em><em>s synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis method. Assisted by carrier air precursor solution of Zn(NO</em><em>3</em><em>)</em><em>2  </em><em>and Fe(NO</em><em>3</em><em>)</em><em>3  </em><em>w</em><em>a</em><em>s nebulized and flowed to inner tube of burner. Nebulasation was carried out by varying carrier gas flow rate but at constant rate of nebulization. LPG gas dan oxidant air were flowed to the inner annulus and outer annulus, respectively. The solid produced was separated from gas by particle filter. Solid particle obtained was then examined by X Ray Defraction (XRD), FE-SEM and BET as wel as catalytic performance. The result of the research showed that crystalinity of particles increased by increasing LPG flow rate. Particle size of ZnO/Fe</em><em>2</em><em>O</em><em>3  </em><em>nanocomposite decreased by increasing LPG flow rate and size were dominantly between  50-100  nm.  A  part  of  particle was  flowerlike particle.  Specific  surface area    of ZnO/Fe</em><em>2</em><em>O</em><em>3 </em><em>nanocomposite increased by increasing LPG flow rate and its value were between </em><em>45-55 m</em><em>2</em><em>/gram.</em></p><p> <strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong>: <em>Tran-esterification, nanocomposite </em>ZnO/Fe2O3<em>,  flame spray pyrolysis,   carrier gas</em>, <em>particle size, morphology of particle, specific surface area</em></p>

KARAKTERISTIK FISIK NANOKOMPOSIT ZNO/Fe2O3 YANG DIBUAT MENGGUNAKAN FLAME SPRAY PYROLISIS DENGAN VARIASI LAJU ALIR GAS PEMBAWA

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Jumari ◽  
Agus Purwanto ◽  
Sperisa Distantina
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Flame Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Flame Spray ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>Biodiesel is a very potential alternative energy resources. Producing of Biodiesel was much carried out using homogeneous catalytic esterification of vegetable oil and alcohol. These proces had many disanvantages. ZnO as a transesterification catalyst has given high yield. To improve the catalytic performance, the surface area per mas of catalyst must be increased by decreasing the size of particle. To ease the separation between product and catalyst, the magnetic  behaviour should be added to the catalyst. The aim of the research were to obtain nanocomposite ZnO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and determine physical characteristic as well as catalytic and separation performance. Nanocomposite ZnO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis method. Assisted by carrier air precursor solution of Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was nebulized and flowed to the inner tube of the burner. Nebulasation was carried out by varying carrier gas flow rate but  at constant rateof nebulization. LPG gas dan oxidant air  were flowed to the inner annulus  and outer annulus, respectively. The solid produced was separated from gas by particle filter. The solid particle was then examined by XRD , FE-SEM and BET as wel as catalytic performance. The result showed that the crystalinity of samples decreased by increasing the carrier gas flow rate. The particle size was not influenced by carrier gas flow rate and the size were dominantly between 50-100 nm. A part of particle was flowerlike particle.  The specific surface area  of particle was not inflenced by carrier gas flow rate and its value was 50.5 m<sup>2</sup>/gram.</em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : Tran-esterification,  nanocomposite ZnO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>,  flame spray pyrolysis,   carrier gas, particle size,  particle morphology, specific surface area </em></p>

Physical Properties Variability of Zinc Powders Obtained by Electrochemical Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 689-693
Author(s):  
K.D. Naumov ◽  
V.G. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Zinc Powders

The aim of this paper is to establish a regulatory change of zinc powders key physicochemical properties with varying electroextraction conditions. It was studied influence zinc concentration, alkali concentration and current density. Quantitative dependencies of zinc powders particle size and specific surface area from mentioned electroextraction parameters are shown. At increasing of zinc concentration, decreasing of NaOH concentration and decreasing of current density of powders particle size growth, correspondingly specific surface area is declined. It is indicated, that electrolytic zinc powders bulk density varies from 0.61 g/cm3 to 0.75 g/cm3 with a decrease of average particle size from 121 μm to 68 μm. In comparison, spherical powders bulk density used in various industries is currently 2.45-2.6 g/cm3. In all experiments, metal zinc content varied in the range of 91.1-92.5%, the rest - ZnO. To a greater extent, this indicator depends on powder washing quality from alkali and storage conditions.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Spherical Silica by Sol-Gel Method and Its Application as Catalyst Support

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Anirut Leksomboon ◽  
Bunjerd Jongsomjit
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Spherical Silica

In this present study, the spherical silica support was synthesized from tetraethyloxysilane (TEOS), water, sodium hydroxide, ethylene glycol and n-dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (C12TMABr). The particle size was controlled by variation of the ethylene glycol co-solvent weight ratio of a sol-gel method preparation in the range of 0.10 to 0.50. In addition, the particle size apparently increases with high weight ratio of co-solvent, but the particle size distribution was broader. The standard deviation of particle diameter is large when the co-solvent weight ratio is more than 0.35 and less than 0.15. However, the specific surface area was similar for all weight ratios ranging from 1000 to 1300 m2/g. The synthesized silica was spherical and has high specific surface area. The cobalt was impregnated onto the obtained silica to produce the cobalt catalyst used for CO2 hydrogenation.</

scholarly journals Effects of CO2 Bubble Size, CO2 Flow Rate and Calcium Source on the Size and Specific Surface Area of CaCO3 Particles

Energies ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 12304-12313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Hwan Bang ◽  
Kyungsun Song ◽  
Sangwon Park ◽  
Chi Jeon ◽  
Seung-Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Co2 Flow

Influence of Powder Particle Size of Slurries on Mechanical Properties of Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yokogawa ◽  
Tetsuya Kameyama
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Median Particle Size ◽  
Powder Characteristics ◽  
Median Particle

The effect of different particle sizes on the flexural strength and microstructure of three different types of hydroxyapatite (HAp) powders was studied. The powder characteristics of laboratory synthesized HAp powder (Lab1 and Lab2) were obtained through a wet milling method, and the median particle size and the specific surface area of powders are different with the dryness period. The median particle sizes of Lab1 and Lab2 are 0.34 µm and 0.74 µm, and the specific surface areas of Lab1 and Lab2 are 38.01 m2/g and 19.77 m2/g. The commercial HAp had median particle size of 1.13 µm and specific surface area of 11.62m2/g. The different powder characteristics affected the slip characteristics, and the flexural strength and microstructure of the sintered porous HAp bodies are also different. The optimum value for the minimum viscosity in these present HAp slip with respect to its solid loading and the optimum amount of the deflocculant were investigated. The flexural strengths of the porous HAp ceramics prepared by heating at 1200°C for 3 hrs in air were 17.59 MPa for Lab1 with a porosity of 60.48％, 10.51 MPa for Lab2 with a porosity of 57.75％, and 3.92 MPa for commercial HAp with a porosity of 79.37％.

Direct molecular hydrogen sulphide scrubbing with hollow fibre membranes

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boucil ◽  
B. Jefferson ◽  
S.A. Parsons ◽  
S.J. Judd ◽  
R.M. Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Flow Rate

The emission of hydrogen sulphide is a major problem associated with anaerobic treatment of sulphate and sulphite containing wastewaters. Conventional absorbing processes, such as packed towers, spray towers or bubble columns, are all constrained by factors such as flooding and foaming. Membrane systems, on the other hand, enable independent control of the liquid and gas flow rate and a step change order of magnitude increase in the specific surface area of the contact process. The membrane acts as a gas absorber with a design similar to a shell and tube heat exchanger. On the other hand, they are limited by facets of the membrane such as its resistance to mass transfer and permselectivity, as well as its cost. The work presented in this paper refers to an absorption process based on a non-wetted hollow fibre membrane for the scrubbing of hydrogen sulphide from air, with water as the contact solvent. Results presented describe the performance of the unit in terms of overall transfer and outlet liquid concentration as a function of circulation regime, gas flow rate, liquid flow rate and specific surface area. In particular, results are presented using traditional plots of Sherwood number (Sh) against Graetz (Gr) number for the liquid flowing in the lumens, such that experimental and available empirical descriptions of the process performance are directly compared. Results suggest that, as expected, very efficient mass transfer is obtained. However, the mass transfer was found to reach a maximum value against Gr, contrary to available empirical models.

Study on Comparison among Papermaking Powder Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2434-2438
Author(s):  
Quan Xiao Liu ◽  
Wen Cai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Powder Properties

In this paper the comparison among some papermaking powder properties are studied. It shows that the properties of different powders are different because of different chemical composition and different preparation method and their particle size is different for different purpose such as filler and pigment. The particle size of powder for pigment powder is smaller than that for filler. The specific surface area of papermaking filler is lower than 20m2/g, the absorption value of DBP is about 45cm3/100g, the whiteness is up to 90%, and the particle size is about 3µm. The specific surface area of papermaking pigment is lower than 25m2/g, the absorption value of DBP is from 40 cm3/100g to100cm3/100g, the whiteness of clay is up to 50%, the whiteness of GCC and PCC is up to 90%, and the particle size is lower than 2µm. The specific surface area of silica is up to 100m2/g, the absorption value of DBP is up to 100cm3/100g, the whiteness is up to 97%, and the particle size is around 5µm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document