Development of a Communication Aid App with iOS Devices to Support Children/Persons with Speech Disabilities Improvement in Obtaining Positioning Information with iBeacon as Near Field Radio Communication Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Tomonori Karita ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Communication Aid ◽  
Research Task ◽  
Speech Disabilities ◽  
Gps System

Communication has such a vital function as the foundation of human social life that speech disabilities can drastically deteriorate people’s quality of life. The author has developed a voice output communication aid (VOCA) to enable children/persons with speech disabilities to communicate with other people according to conversation situations with iOS devices with global positioning system (GPS), positional information acquiring technology (iBeacon), and a clock function installed. The developed technology is an application compatible with iOS (hereinafter, app) that displays a list of messages (hereinafter, VOCA interface) if any of them correspond to the information on the user’s location and time of use as acquired by users with a portable information device with a GPS function, iBeacon function, and clock function installed. Users can communicate by selecting the icons of required messages from VOCA interfaces to reproduce registered voice data instead of their own voices. We have named the developed technology “Friendly VOCA” because its intentions are that: (1) users can communicate with other people with as few operations involved as possible; (2) it should be easy for users to learn and to operate. This paper reports the development processes of the Friendly VOCA and defines the ratios of preregistered VOCA interfaces displayed (hereinafter, correct answer rates) in acquiring positional information with GPS and with iBeacon. In Research Task 1, we have conducted experiments to verify the correct answer rates of the GPS system in outdoor use of the Friendly VOCA and in Research Task 2 we have conducted experiments to verify the correct answer rates of the iBeacon system in indoor use of the Friendly VOCA. The research results show that both the GPS system and iBeacon system can specify user’s spatial information and display appropriate lists of messages. However, the experiments found that iBeacon signal transmitters can transmit signals over a distance of 50 m or more: to improve the correct answer rates of the iBeacon system, we may need to increase the distance between iBeacon signal transmitters or select devices with a shorter range of transmission.

scholarly journals Gradients of Rac1 nanoclusters support spatial patterns of Rac1 signaling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Remorino ◽  
Simon De Beco ◽  
Fanny Cayrac ◽  
Fahima Di Federico ◽  
Gaetan Cornilleau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Rac1 Activity

AbstractThe dynamics of the cytoskeleton and cell shape relies on the coordinated activation of RhoGTPase molecular switches. Among them, Rac1 participates to the orchestration in space and time of actin branching and protrusion/retraction cycles of the lamellipodia at the cell front during mesenchymal migration. Biosensor imaging has revealed a graded concentration of active GTP-loaded Rac1 in protruding regions of the cell. Here, using single molecule imaging and super-resolution microscopy, we reveal an additional supramolecular organization of Rac1. We find that, similarly to H-Ras, Rac1 partitions and is immobilized into nanoclusters of 50-100 molecules each. These nanoclusters assemble due to the interaction of the polybasic tail of Rac1 with the phosphoinositide lipids PIP2 and PIP3. The additional interactions with GEFs, GAPs, downstream effectors, and possibly other partners are responsible for an enrichment of Rac1 nanoclusters in protruding regions of the cell. Using optogenetics and micropatterning tools, we find that activation of Rac1 leads to its immobilization in nanoclusters and that the local level of Rac1 activity matches the local density of nanoclusters. Altogether, our results show that subcellular patterns of Rac1 activity are supported by gradients of signaling nanodomains of heterogeneous molecular composition, which presumably act as discrete signaling platforms. This finding implies that graded distributions of nanoclusters might encode spatial information.Significance statementThe plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is a highly organized surface where hundreds of incoming signals are transduced to the intracellular space. How cells encode faithfully this myriad of signals is a fundamental question. Here we show that Rac1, a critical membrane-bound protein involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, forms small aggregates together with other regulating proteins. These supramolecular assemblies, called nanoclusters, are the “quantal” units of signaling. By increasing the local concentration, nanoclusters set thresholds for downstream signaling and ensure the fidelity of information transduction. We found that Rac1 nanoclusters are distributed as spatial gradients matching the patterns of Rac1 activity. We propose that cells can encode positional information through distributed signaling quanta, hereby ensuring spatial fidelity.

scholarly journals Stable encoding of visual cues in the mouse retrosplenial cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Powell ◽  
William M. Connelly ◽  
Asta Vasalauskaite ◽  
Andrew Nelson ◽  
Seralynne D. Vann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements ◽  
Directional Preference ◽  
Evoked Activity

Abstract The rodent retrosplenial cortex functions as an integrative hub for sensory and motor signals, serving roles in both navigation and memory. While retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is reciprocally connected with the sensory cortex, the form in which sensory information is represented in the retrosplenial cortex and how it interacts with behavioural state is unclear. Here, we used 2-photon cellular imaging of neural activity of putative excitatory (CaMKII expressing) and inhibitory (parvalbumin expressing) neurons to measure visual and running evoked activity in RSC and compare it to primary visual cortex (V1). We found that stimulus position and orientation information was preserved between V1 and RSC, and additionally that positional information was organised topographically. Stimulus directional preference was biased towards nasal-temporal flow. Locomotion modulation of activity of single neurons, both in darkness and light, was also more pronounced in RSC than V1, and strongest in parvalbumin-positive neurons. Longitudinal measurements of single neurons showed that these response features were stably maintained over many weeks. These data provide evidence for stable representations of visual cues in retrosplenial cortex which are highly spatially selective. These may provide sensory data to contribute to the formation of memories of spatial information.

scholarly journals Demand Forecast of NFC Mobile Users – A Case Study of Serbian Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-524
Author(s):  
Bojan Stanivuković ◽  
Valentina Radojičić ◽  
Dejan Marković ◽  
Mladenka Blagojević
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Range Type ◽  
Bass Diffusion Model

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a very short-range type of radio communication that is compatible with other contactless communication technologies. It provides enormous possibilities, particularly given that it does not require any particular communication infrastructure. NFC technology has found possible application in contactless cards and mobile phone devices as a communication infrastructure which provides a platform for the development of NFC-based business services. This paper proposes a novel approach to forecasting the number of new users of NFC mobile phones based on fuzzy logic and the Norton-Bass diffusion model. The proposed approach is demonstrated through the case study.

scholarly journals Channel Characterisation and Link Budget of MIMO Configuration in Near Field Magnetic Communication

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Johnson I. Agbinya ◽  
John Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Lan ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Link Budget

Abstract Traditional radio communication has gained significantly from using multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) architecture in the system. Many wireless applications, such as wireless LAN and cellular network, have adopted this technology to improve their system performance. However, the effect of MIMO systems has not been investigated in the case of inductive near field short range communications. The purpose of this paper is to explore a new method for increasing the magnetic communication range using MIMO. Three system models includingMISO, SIMO and MIMO are proposed to characterize the number of transmitters and receivers to the link. These models have helped to extend not only the range but also the communication channel in NFMIC.

Novel Near Field Detector for Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (39) ◽  
pp. 2341-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Annett ◽  
Sergio Morelhao ◽  
Darren Dale ◽  
Stefan Kycia
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Large Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThree dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) microscopy is a powerful technique that provides crystallographic and spatial information of a large number, of the order of thousands, of crystalline grains in a sample simultaneously. A key component of every 3DXRD microscopy experiment is the near field detector that provides high resolution spatial information of the grains. In this work we present a novel design for a semi-transparent, 16 megapixel near field detector. As opposed to a typical single scintillator phosphor detector, this design, we call the Quad Near Field Detector, uses four quadrants. It has a total field of view is 5.3 mm x 5.3 mm with an effective pixel size of 1.3 µm x 1.3 µm. The detector’s relatively large field of view can be used to obtain higher order diffraction spots which we anticipate will lead to improved spatial resolution in grain reconstructions. The large field of view can also enable the detector to be positioned further from the sample, in this way increasing the working distance and enabling larger environmental cells for in-situ studies. Many alignment parameters can be resolved by careful mechanical design. For this reason a novel translation stage for focusing the microscopes was developed, tested, and implemented. The near field detector was calibrated and characterized at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source. The operational feasibility of such a multi-plate detector demonstrated in this work paves the way for new technologies in instrumentation of 3DXRD microscopy.

scholarly journals A design of fine particle concentration measurement system based on a near field wireless radio communication

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Andreini ◽  
Arinto Y. P. Wardoyo ◽  
Hari A. Dharmawan ◽  
Muhammad Nurhuda ◽  
Arif Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Radio Communication

scholarly journals Time and Space in Segmentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Clark
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Developmental Patterning ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Axial Variation ◽  
Oscillator Output

AbstractArthropod segmentation and vertebrate somitogenesis are leading fields in the experimental and theoretical interrogation of developmental patterning. However, despite the sophistication of current research, basic conceptual issues remain unresolved. These include (1) the mechanistic origins of spatial organisation within the segment addition zone (SAZ); (2) the mechanistic origins of segment polarisation; (3) the mechanistic origins of axial variation; and (4) the evolutionary origins of simultaneous patterning. Here, I explore these problems using coarse-grained models of cross-regulating dynamical processes. In the morphogenetic framework of a row of cells undergoing axial elongation, I simulate interactions between an “oscillator”, a “switch”, and up to three “timers”, successfully reproducing essential patterning behaviours of segmenting systems. By comparing the output of these largely cell-autonomous models to variants that incorporate positional information, I find that scaling relationships, wave patterns, and patterning dynamics all depend on whether the SAZ is regulated by temporal or spatial information. I also identify three mechanisms for polarising oscillator output, all of which functionally implicate the oscillator frequency profile. Finally, I demonstrate significant dynamical and regulatory continuity between sequential and simultaneous modes of segmentation. I discuss these results in the context of the experimental literature.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approaches Identify Genes Containing Spatial Information From Single-Cell Transcriptomics Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipe Loher ◽  
Nestoras Karathanasis
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Weak Supervision ◽  
Single Cell Sequencing

The development of single-cell sequencing technologies has allowed researchers to gain important new knowledge about the expression profile of genes in thousands of individual cells of a model organism or tissue. A common disadvantage of this technology is the loss of the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of the cells. Consequently, the Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods (DREAM) organized the Single-Cell Transcriptomics Challenge, in which we participated, with the aim to address the following two problems: (a) to identify the top 60, 40, and 20 genes of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo that contain the most spatial information and (b) to reconstruct the 3-D arrangement of the embryo using information from those genes. We developed two independent techniques, leveraging machine learning models from least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and deep neural networks (NNs), which are applied to high-dimensional single-cell sequencing data in order to accurately identify genes that contain spatial information. Our first technique, Lasso.TopX, utilizes the Lasso and ranking statistics and allows a user to define a specific number of features they are interested in. The NN approach utilizes weak supervision for linear regression to accommodate for uncertain or probabilistic training labels. We show, individually for both techniques, that we are able to identify important, stable, and a user-defined number of genes containing the most spatial information. The results from both techniques achieve high performance when reconstructing spatial information in D. melanogaster and also generalize to zebrafish (Danio rerio). Furthermore, we identified novel D. melanogaster genes that carry important positional information and were not previously suspected. We also show how the indirect use of the full datasets’ information can lead to data leakage and generate bias in overestimating the model’s performance. Lastly, we discuss the applicability of our approaches to other feature selection problems outside the realm of single-cell sequencing and the importance of being able to handle probabilistic training labels. Our source code and detailed documentation are available at https://github.com/TJU-CMC-Org/SingleCell-DREAM/.

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