scholarly journals Collaborative Development of Green Infrastructure: Urban Flood Control Measures on Small-Scale Private Lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-468
Author(s):  
Fumiko Taura ◽  
Masaki Ohme ◽  
Yukihiro Shimatani ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Runoff Reduction

Focusing on green infrastructure (GI), which utilizes nature’s diverse resources, we developed urban flood control measures on three small-scale private tracts in Tokyo and Fukuoka in Japan, experiencing high rainfall. In addition, we implemented these measures and verified the possibility of introduction. Using a target rainfall of 100 mm/h and previous rainfall data, we set our goal of reducing runoff from each site below the capacity of a public sewage pipe. Implementation was conducted by assessing the soil infiltration rate and developing and installing rain gardens and storage layers using crushed stones. These measures satisfied the initially set goals, drastically reducing runoff at all three sites. The target installation cost was set at 100,000 yen per cubic meter of runoff reduction. The target costs were met in the two Fukuoka sites but not at the Tokyo site. The key reasons were the high costs of removing non-permeable surfaces or improving the soil of compacted surfaces, which called for a process to balance the runoff reduction and cost to determine the most effective plan for implementing GI in urban areas. The development and implementation processes were conducted in collaboration with the house owners and concerned parties; the workshops produced constructive ideas being unconstrained by conventional thinking. Visitors highly appreciated ideas related to using water because the techniques were derived from the Japanese culture of lifestyle. Thus, introducing attractive and effective GI may be possible through collaboration. Additionally, sharing experiences led to the formation of new community ties, supporting post-implementation site maintenance.

UAV-LiDAR observations increase the precision of urban flood modelling in Accra by detecting critical micro-topographic features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Trepekli ◽  
Thomas Friborg ◽  
Thomas Balstrøm ◽  
Bjarne Fog ◽  
Albert Allotey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Precise Identification ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

<p>Rapidly expanding cities are exposed to higher damage potential from floods, necessitating effective proactive management using technological developments in remote sensing observations and hydrological modelling.  In this study we tested whether high resolution topographic data derived by Light and Detection Ranging (LiDAR) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems can facilitate rapid and precise identification of high-risk urban areas, at the local scale. Three flood prone areas located within the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area in Ghana were surveyed by a UAV-LiDAR system. In order to simulate a realistic flow of precipitation runoff on terrains, Digital Terrain Models (DTM) including buildings and urban features that may have a substantial effect on water flow pathways (DTMb) were generated from the UAV-LiDAR datasets. The resulting DTMbs, which had a spatial resolution of 0.3 m supplemented a satellite-based DTM of 10 m resolution covering the full catchment area of Accra, and applied to a hydrologic screening model (Arc-Malstrøm) to compare the flood simulations. The precision of the location, extent and capacity of landscape sinks were substantially improved when the DTMbs were utilized for mapping the flood propagation. The semi-low resolution DTM projected unrealistically shallower sinks, with larger extents but smaller capacities that consequently led to an overestimation of the runoff volume by 15% for a sloping site, and up to 65 % for 1st order sinks in flat terrains. The observed differences were attributed to the potential of high resolution DTMbs to detect urban manmade features like archways, boundary walls and bridges which were found to be critical in predictions of runoff’s courses, but could not be captured by the coarser DTM. Discrepancies in the derived water volumes using the satellite-based DTM vs. the UAV-LiDAR DTMbs were also traced to dynamic alterations in the geometry of streams and rivers, due to construction activities occurring in the interval between the aerial campaign and the date of acquisition of the commercially available DTM. Precise identification of urban flood prone areas can be enhanced using UAV-LiDAR systems, facilitating the design of comprehensive early flood-control measures, especially in urban settlements exposed to the adverse effects of perennial flooding. This research is funded by a grant awarded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Danida).</p>

Study of Urban Flood Control Planning in Taiyuan

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 1709-1714
Author(s):  
Xiu Yong Yi ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
River System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Downstream Area ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

Considering topography, climate, river system, and existing problems in Taiyuan, the urban flood control planning in Taiyuan boils down to the following points: determine the flood control standard according to the size of city; study the flood alleviating measures in the upstream area; provide adequate water and soil conservation measures in the mountainous areas reduce flash floods; divert flood from mountainous areas to the downstream area instead of to the urban; improve the river channels in the urban area; provide flood detention and retarding area in the downstream area; study non-engineering flood control measures.

Flood Disaster in Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Inoue ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Development Accounting ◽  
New Type ◽  
Area Development

Progress against flood disasters since the end of Word War II has shown that although human casualties have sharply decreased, material damage has not, despite improvements in flood control facilities. This is partly due to the increased concentration of buildings, infrastructures, and other assets in urban areas. Both natural and social factors are listed, and the implementation of suitable flood control policies is indispensable to saving lives and mitigating disasters in the future. Urban flood disasters are focused as a new type disaster explained in detail, stressing a combination of structural and non-structural measures and wide-area development accounting for both rivers and their entire basins to distribute the load in terms of flood control policy.

Planning and Design of Urban Flood Control Measures: Assessing Effects Combination

2009 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Gomes Miguez ◽  
Flavio Cesar Borba Mascarenhas ◽  
Luiz Paulo Canedo de Magalhães ◽  
Carlos Fabiano Vellozo D’Alterio
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Planning And Design

scholarly journals A Methodology for Assessing the Implementation Potential for Retrofitted and Multifunctional Urban Green Infrastructure in Public Areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Fluhrer ◽  
Jochen Hack
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Global South ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Urban Green Infrastructure

Green Infrastructures (GI) are considered key to reconcile ecological and social benefits by providing multiple functions. The concept is increasingly promoted and guidelines for its implementation have been developed in many countries and regions of the Western Hemisphere. However, for other parts of the world, especially for countries with less developed infrastructures, promotion, guidance for decision-making and manuals for GI are often lacking. But the state of infrastructure development and often unplanned character of settlements in the Global South differ and result in specific constraints as well as demands to GI that need to be addressed explicitly. This study presents a methodological approach to explicitly address the specific conditions and physical limitations to GI development in urban areas of the Global South. A four step methodology was developed to assess the implementation potential for retrofitted and multifunctional urban green infrastructure in public areas. An initial site analysis (1) and the definition of design criteria as well as general strategies (2) to achieve the different dimensions of multi-functionality are the basis to derive spatial typologies (3) for GI elements and finally the spatial suitability assessment for potential placements (4). An application of the methodology to a study area in the metropolitan region of San José, Costa Rica, shows exemplarily that the potential to improve the hydrological conditions (up to 34% of surface runoff reduction), ecological conditions (increase of green space by 2,2 %, creation of 1500 m length of roadside greenery and two new habitat types), and social conditions (2.200 m of road type upgrading) of multi-functionality of the site through Green Infrastructures. These assessment results of different multi-functionality dimension can serve as a guidance for GI promotion and implementation in urban areas of the Global South.

scholarly journals Developing Green Infrastructure Strategies Based on the Analysis of Sewer System Critical Components

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2694
Author(s):  
Chen Shen ◽  
Haishan Xia ◽  
Xin Fu ◽  
Xinhao Wang ◽  
Weiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Topological Connectivity ◽  
Critical Components

Flooding has presented a significant risk for urban areas around the world. Road inundation is one of the severe consequences leading to traffic issues and congestion. Green infrastructure (GI) offers further potential for stormwater management as an environmentally friendly and sustainable solution. However, sewer system behaviour has been overlooked in GI implementation. This study investigates sewer performance by measuring topological connectivity and hydraulic characteristics, and critical components are identified under different design storms. Three retrofit scenarios, including enlarged pipes (grey infrastructure, Grey I), rain gardens (GI), and the combination of enlarged pipes and increased rain gardens (GI + Grey I), are proposed according to the distribution of critical components. The results show that it is feasible to locate the vulnerable parts of the sewer system and GI site allocations based on the critical components that significantly impact the performance of the entire system. While all three scenarios can mitigate inundation, GI and GI + Grey I perform better than pipe enlargement, especially for runoff reduction during long-duration rainfall. Furthermore, the sewer behaviour and retrofit effect are dynamic under different rainfall patterns, leading to diverse combined effects. The discoveries reveal that the adaptation measures should combine with sewer behaviour and local rainfall characteristics to enhance stormwater management.

scholarly journals Review on sponge city construction for flood management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femin Maria IX ◽  
Elba Helen George
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
City Construction

Due to the global climate change and the rapid progress of urbanization, the frequent occurrence of flooding disasters and severe pollution seriously threaten the sustainable development of modern cities. To solve these problems, China first started the construction of the ‘Sponge City’. Sponge city can improve city’s ability to adapt to the environment change and to cope with floods; it can also make them more sustainable. It was not only meant for urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, ecological restoration of urban land and water quality improvement. The rainfall received in 2020 in Hyderabad of India, has been the highest for the month October in a century. The risk is going to increase year after year in the whole nation. So India too needs a mission that mitigates flood risk and provides a pathway to water security. And the most promising solution across the world at this time can be the idea to adopt Sponge city construction. Improper research in this field will lead to huge maintenance difficulties and other related problems. This paper mainly focuses on presenting the concepts of sponge city construction along with its pathway. Not only does it focus on Sponge city’s benefits, but also its challenges are also stated, which leads to better understanding about its scope of continuing for future. Keywords: Flood control, sponge city, green infrastructure, urban floods.

scholarly journals Urban Flood Prevention and Early Warning System in Jinan City

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 03047
Author(s):  
Shiyuan Feng ◽  
Qingguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Jinan City ◽  
High Standards

The system construction of urban flood control and disaster reduction in China is facing pressure and challenge from new urban water disaster. Under the circumstances that it is difficult to build high standards of flood protection engineering measures in urban areas, it is particularly important to carry out urban flood early warning. In Jinan City, a representative inland area, based on the index system of early warning of flood in Jinan urban area, the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was adopted to evaluate the level of early warning. Based on the cumulative rainfall of 3 hours, the CAflood simulation results based on cellular automaton model of urban flooding were used as evaluation indexes to realize the accuracy and integration of urban flood control early warning.

scholarly journals Using High-Density LiDAR Data and 2D Streamflow Hydraulic Modeling to Improve Urban Flood Hazard Maps: A HEC-RAS Multi-Scenario Approach

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Mihu-Pintilie ◽  
Cătălin Ioan Cîmpianu ◽  
Cristian Constantin Stoleriu ◽  
Martín Núñez Pérez ◽  
Larisa Elena Paveluc
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard Maps

The ability to extract streamflow hydraulic settings using geoinformatic techniques, especially in high populated territories like urban and peri-urban areas, is an important aspect of any disaster management plan and flood mitigation effort. 1D and 2D hydraulic models, generated based on DEMs with high accuracy (e.g., Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)) and processed in geographic information systems (GIS) modeling software (e.g., HEC-RAS), can improve urban flood hazard maps. In this study, we present a small-scale conceptual approach using HEC-RAS multi-scenario methodology based on remote sensing (RS), LiDAR data, and 2D hydraulic modeling for the urban and peri-urban area of Bacău City (Bistriţa River, NE Romania). In order to test the flood mitigation capacity of Bacău 1 reservoir (rB1) and Bacău 2 reservoir (rB2), four 2D streamflow hydraulic scenarios (s1–s4) based on average discharge and calculated discharge (s1–s4) data for rB1 spillway gate (Sw1) and for its hydro-power plant (H-pp) were computed. Compared with the large-scale flood hazard data provided by regional authorities, the 2D HEC-RAS multi-scenario provided a more realistic perspective about the possible flood threats in the study area and has shown to be a valuable asset in the improvement process of the official flood hazard maps.

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