Verification of Daily Rainfall Forecasts over Various Parts of Kenya during the October - December 2015 and October - December 2014 Seasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Muita ◽  
Stella Aura ◽  
D. Mburu ◽  
J. Kagenyi ◽  
J. Muhindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall

Penentuan Metode Intensitas Hujan Berdasarkan Karakteristik Hujan dari Stasiun Pengamat Hujan Disekitar Kecamatan Karawang Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Permatasari ◽  
M. Candra Nugraha ◽  
Etih Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Discharge Plan ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall ◽  
Method Approach

<p>The rain intensity is the high rainfall in unit of time. The length of rain will be reversed by the amount rain intensity. The shorter time the rain lasts, the greater of the intensity and re-period of its rain. The value of rain intensity is required to calculate the flood discharge plan on the drainage system planning area in East Karawang district. Determining the value rain intensity is required the maximum daily rainfall data obtained from the main observer stations in the Plawad station planning area. The method of determination rain intensity analysis can be done with three methods: Van Breen, Bell Tanimoto and Hasper der Weduwen. Selected method is based on the smallest deviation value. Determination deviation value is determined by comparing rain intensity value of Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen. By comparing rain intensity value of the Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen with the results of calculating three methods through the method approach Talbot, Sherman and Ishiguro. Calculation results show that the method of rain has smallest deviation standard is method Van Breen with Talbot approach for rainy period (PUH) 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years.</p>

The Influence of Geographical Factors on Extreme Rainfalls in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
M Welly
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Ungauged Basin ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Geographical Factors

Many people in Indonesia calculate design rainfall before calculating the design flooddischarge. The design rainfall with a certain return period will eventually be convertedinto a design flood discharge by combining it with the characteristics of the watershed.However, the lack of a network of rainfall recording stations makes many areas that arenot hydrologically measured (ungauged basin), so it is quite difficult to know thecharacteristics of rain in the area concerned. This study aims to analyze thecharacteristics of design rainfall in Lampung Province. The focus of the analysis is toinvestigate whether geographical factors influence the design rainfall that occurs in theparticular area. The data used in this study is daily rainfall data from 15 rainfallrecording stations spread in Lampung Province. The method of frequency analysis usedin this study is the Gumbel method. The research shows that the geographical location ofan area does not have significant effect on extreme rainfall events. The effect of risingearth temperatures due to natural exploitation by humans tends to be stronger as a causeof extreme events such as extreme rainfall.Keywords: Influence, geographical, factors, extreme, rainfall.

scholarly journals Seasonal Climate Impacts on Vocal Activity in Two Neotropical Nonpasserines

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Cristian Pérez-Granados ◽  
Karl-L. Schuchmann
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Focal Species ◽  
Calling Activity ◽  
Vocal Activity

Climatic conditions represent one of the main constraints that influence avian calling behavior. Here, we monitored the daily calling activity of the Undulated Tinamou (Crypturellus undulatus) and the Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) during the dry and wet seasons in the Brazilian Pantanal. We aimed to assess the effects of climate predictors on the vocal activity of these focal species and evaluate whether these effects may vary among seasons. Air temperature was positively associated with the daily calling activity of both species during the dry season. However, the vocal activity of both species was unrelated to air temperature during the wet season, when higher temperatures occur. Daily rainfall was positively related to the daily calling activity of both species during the dry season, when rainfall events are scarce and seem to act as a trigger for breeding phenology of the focal species. Nonetheless, air temperature was negatively associated with the daily calling activity of the Undulated Tinamou during the wet season, when rainfall was abundant. This study improves our understanding of the vocal behavior of tropical birds and their relationships with climate, but further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the associations found in our study.

scholarly journals Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using the HEC-HMS Model for the Al-Adhaim River Catchment, Northern Iraq

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan ◽  
Suhad Almuktar ◽  
Miklas Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Time Step ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Northern Iraq

It has become necessary to estimate the quantities of runoff by knowing the amount of rainfall to calculate the required quantities of water storage in reservoirs and to determine the likelihood of flooding. The present study deals with the development of a hydrological model named Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-HMS), which uses Digital Elevation Models (DEM). This hydrological model was used by means of the Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension (HEC-GeoHMS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to identify the discharge of the Al-Adhaim River catchment and embankment dam in Iraq by simulated rainfall-runoff processes. The meteorological models were developed within the HEC-HMS from the recorded daily rainfall data for the hydrological years 2015 to 2018. The control specifications were defined for the specified period and one day time step. The Soil Conservation Service-Curve number (SCS-CN), SCS Unit Hydrograph and Muskingum methods were used for loss, transformation and routing calculations, respectively. The model was simulated for two years for calibration and one year for verification of the daily rainfall values. The results showed that both observed and simulated hydrographs were highly correlated. The model’s performance was evaluated by using a coefficient of determination of 90% for calibration and verification. The dam’s discharge for the considered period was successfully simulated but slightly overestimated. The results indicated that the model is suitable for hydrological simulations in the Al-Adhaim river catchment.

Estimation of Regional Sub-Daily Rainfall Ratios Using SKATER Algorithm and Logistic Regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Fathi ◽  
Ayman G. Awadallah ◽  
Nabil A. Awadallah
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Daily Rainfall

scholarly journals Mechanisms Associated with Large Daily Rainfall Events in Northeast Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brant Liebmann ◽  
George N. Kiladis ◽  
Dave Allured ◽  
Carolina S. Vera ◽  
Charles Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract The mechanisms resulting in large daily rainfall events in Northeast Brazil are analyzed using data filtering to exclude periods longer than 30 days. Composites of circulation fields that include all independent events do not reveal any obvious forcing mechanisms as multiple patterns contribute to Northeast Brazil precipitation variability. To isolate coherent patterns, subsets of events are selected based on anomalies that precede the Northeast Brazil precipitation events at different locations. The results indicate that at 10°S, 40°W, the area of lowest annual rainfall in Brazil, precipitation occurs mainly in association with trailing midlatitude synoptic wave trains originating in either hemisphere. Closer to the equator at 5°S, 37.5°W, an additional convection precursor is found to the west, with a spatial structure consistent with that of a Kelvin wave. Although these two sites are located within only several hundred kilometers of each other and the midlatitude patterns that induce precipitation appear to be quite similar, the dates on which large precipitation anomalies occur at each location are almost entirely independent, pointing to separate forcing mechanisms.

Future Extreme Climates Projection over Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3887-3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang He Gu ◽  
Zhong Bo Yu ◽  
Ji Gan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Huai River ◽  
The Future

This study projects the future extreme climate changes over Huang-Huai-Hai (3H) region in China using a regional climate model (RegCM4). The RegCM4 performs well in “current” climate (1970-1999) simulations by compared with the available surface station data, focusing on near-surface air temperature and precipitation. Future climate changes are evaluated based on experiments driven by European-Hamburg general climate model (ECHAM5) in A1B future scenario (2070-2099). The results show that the annual temperature increase about 3.4 °C-4.2 °C and the annual precipitation increase about 5-15% in most of 3H region at the end of 21st century. The model predicts a generally less frost days, longer growing season, more hot days, no obvious change in heat wave duration index, larger maximum five-day rainfall, more heavy rain days, and larger daily rainfall intensity. The results indicate a higher risk of floods in the future warmer climate. In addition, the consecutive dry days in Huai River Basin will increase, indicating more serve drought and floods conditions in this region.

scholarly journals The Wet and Dry Spells across India during 1951–2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nityanand Singh ◽  
Ashwini Ranade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Northwestern India ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Dry Spells

Abstract Characteristics of wet spells (WSs) and intervening dry spells (DSs) are extremely useful for water-related sectors. The information takes on greater significance in the wake of global climate change and climate-change scenario projections. The features of 40 parameters of the rainfall time distribution as well as their extremes have been studied for two wet and dry spells for 19 subregions across India using gridded daily rainfall available on 1° latitude × 1° longitude spatial resolution for the period 1951–2007. In a low-frequency-mode, intra-annual rainfall variation, WS (DS) is identified as a “continuous period with daily rainfall equal to or greater than (less than) daily mean rainfall (DMR) of climatological monsoon period over the area of interest.” The DMR shows significant spatial variation from 2.6 mm day−1 over the extreme southeast peninsula (ESEP) to 20.2 mm day−1 over the southern-central west coast (SCWC). Climatologically, the number of WSs (DSs) decreases from 11 (10) over the extreme south peninsula to 4 (3) over northwestern India as a result of a decrease in tropical and oceanic influences. The total duration of WSs (DSs) decreases from 101 (173) to 45 (29) days, and the duration of individual WS (DS) from 12 (18) to 7 (11) days following similar spatial patterns. Broadly, the total rainfall of wet and dry spells, and rainfall amount and rainfall intensity of actual and extreme wet and dry spells, are high over orographic regions and low over the peninsula, Indo-Gangetic plains, and northwest dry province. The rainfall due to WSs (DSs) contributes ∼68% (∼17%) to the respective annual total. The start of the first wet spell is earlier (19 March) over ESEP and later (22 June) over northwestern India, and the end of the last wet spell occurs in reverse, that is, earlier (12 September) from northwestern India and later (16 December) from ESEP. In recent years/decades, actual and extreme WSs are slightly shorter and their rainfall intensity higher over a majority of the subregions, whereas actual and extreme DSs are slightly (not significantly) longer and their rainfall intensity weaker. There is a tendency for the first WS to start approximately six days earlier across the country and the last WS to end approximately two days earlier, giving rise to longer duration of rainfall activities by approximately four days. However, a spatially coherent, robust, long-term trend (1951–2007) is not seen in any of the 40 WS/DS parameters examined in the present study.

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