scholarly journals Efektivitas Kredibilitas Bank Sentral terhadap Inflasi bagi Produsen dan Konsumen di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-196
Author(s):  
Rakhmat Prabowo ◽  
Mohamad Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Core Inflation ◽  
Wholesale Price Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Bank Credibility

This study is intended to explain the impact of central bank credibility on inflation in Indonesia at the producer and consumer level. In this study, Central Bank Credibility is measured using an index with values between 0 (zero credibility) and 1 (perfect credibility). Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method is used to analyze the impact of central bank credibility on inflation. Based on the results, central bank credibility can reduce inflation on both producer and consumer price. Central bank credibility is more sensitive towards producer price index compared to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflator and wholesale price index while at the consumer level, central bank credibility is more sensitive towards core inflation compared to headline inflation. -------------------------------------- Penelitian ini menjelaskan dampak kredibilitas Bank Sentral terhadap inflasi di Indonesia. Dampak kredibilitas Bank Sentral dianalisis pada tingkat produsen maupun konsumen. Untuk mengukur kredibilitas Bank Sentral, penelitian ini menggunakan indeks kredibilitas bernilai 0 (zero credibility) hingga 1 (perfect credibility). Metode Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) digunakan untuk menganalisis dampak kredibilitas Bank Sentral terhadap inflasi. Berdasarkan hasil empiris, kredibilitas Bank Sentral cenderung lebih memengaruhi inflasi pada Indeks Harga Produsen (IHP) dibandingkan Indeks Harga Perdagangan Besar (IHPB) dan deflator Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Kredibilitas Bank Sentral lebih memengaruhi inflasi inti dibandingkan dengan inflasi umum. Dari hasil empiris diketahui bahwa kredibilitas Bank Sentral lebih memengaruhi inflasi pada sisi produsen dibandingkan konsumen.

Testing Stolper-Samuelson Theorem in the Indian Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K V Bhanu Murthy ◽  
Ekta Kharbanda
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Factor Price ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Wholesale Price Index ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem in the context of India which is one of the central results of Heckscher-Ohlin theory. This theorem provides a definite way of analysing the effect of change in the prices of goods on the prices of factors of production due to tariffs. Since the theorem has been couched in terms of increasing tariffs however, the paper attempts to look for obverse of this theorem by emphasising on a certain issue. Since tariffs are declining, then it is argued that import-substituting industries would suffer at the cost of export-promoting industries. The study deals with three variables-Factor Price Ratio (FPR), Terms of Trade (TOT) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI) covering period 1992-2010. Year has been taken as the exogenous variable. The methodology has been developed for the construction of semi-log and multiple regression models to analyse the impact of Terms of Trade on Factor Price Ratio. The paper shows that Stolper-Samuelson Theorem does not hold good in the case of India and it is the Wholesale Price Index which actually shows a favourable impact on FPR.

scholarly journals The dependency of the prices of farm estates on arable land and forest land areas in Finland in the years 1961, 1962 and 1966

1968 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Arvi Leponiemi
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
General Price Level ◽  
Wholesale Price Index ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Living Index

As general conclusions of the performed regression analysis it can be established that the increase of both agricultural and forest land areas increases the sales price less than proportionally (elasticity < 1) and that the area of arable land, the forest land and the dummy variables explain, in 1961, about 43 %, in 1962 29 % and in 1966 about 39 % of the changes of the sales prices of farm estates in the whole country. From the provincial models it can be observed that the variance of sales prices explained is highest in the field cultivation territory, i.e. the provinces Turun ja Porin lääni, Hämeen lääni and Kymen lääni, in which it varies from 42—58 %. On the other hand, in the ’’forest region” of Finland, i.e. in the provinces Keski-Suomen lääni and Pohjois-Karjalan lääni, the variance explained was also high, being 33—52 %. The lowest R2‘s were found in the provinces Mikkelin lääni, Vaasan lääni and Oulun lääni. Thus many other factors, such as the quality of the land, the location of the estate with regard to population centers, the buildings, roads and environmental factors, which could not be included in this research, are evidently important arguments of the sales price. It would thus be necessary to expand the research in suchwise that the explanatory efficiency of the mentioned variables would be tested, which would, again, mean a considerable decrease of the size of the sample, because it would be necessary to obtain the data by means of expensive field research and interviews (BRIGHAM 1965). As it is difficult to find out the movements of the price level of farm estates by means of the regression analysis, here will be given the sales prices of estates in the whole country by averages, according to size categories, which averages are compared with the development of the indicators of the general price level (the basic year being the same in all series, 1961 = 100). 1961, 1962, 1966; The wholesale price index: the general index of home market goods (1935 = 100) 100 102 122; The producer price index for agricultural products (1937—39 = 100) 100 102 132; The cost of living index (X 1951 = 100) 100 104 131; The sales prices of farm estates in the whole country according to the total area: area 2—5 hectares 100 116 144; „ 5—10 „ 100 113 157; „ 10—20 „ 100 110 138; „ 20—50 „ 100 104 151; „ 50— „ 100 127 148; The sales prices of farm estates in the whole country according to the area of arable land: area 2—5 hectares 100 110 136; „ 5—10 „ 100 106 149; „ 10-20 „ 100 101 156; „ 20—50 „ 100 135 160; The sales prices of farm estates in the whole country according to the forest land area: area 2—5 hectares 100 122 154; „ 5-10 „ 100 109 156; „ 10—20 „ 100 100 140; „ 20—50 „ 100 113 163; „ 50— „ 100 125 131. As can be observed from the above table and figure 1 the sales prices of farm estates have risen considerably more in the years 1961—1966 than the general price level as measured by the Wholesale Price Index or the Cost of Living Index. Relatively the greatest price increase has taken place in farm estates with 5–10 hectares, and thereafter in sequence farm estates with 20—50 hectares, more than 50 hectares, 2—5 hectares and 10—20 hectares. It is also to be observed that the sales prices of all farm estates have risen more than the Producer Price Index for Agricultural Products.

Does Bank Profitability Stimulate Economic Growth in the Arab Region?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Ghazy Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the impact of bank profitability, as a complementary measure of financial development, on growth in the Arab countries between 1985 and 2016. Using a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation to test the impact of the bank profitability on growth, this study utilises two variables in the econometric model which are return on assets and return on equity. This study reveals that both variables of bank profitability are positive and significant. This confirms that the bank profitability, beside other financial development variables, has positive impact on the growth. This study points out some important implications based on this result.

The impact of urbanization on energy consumption and efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Sheng ◽  
Yaping He ◽  
Xiaohui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimation ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

There is no consensus about the impact of urbanization on energy efficiency. We seek to fill this gap in literature using data from 78 countries for the period of 1995 through 2012. Extending the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology model, we identify the impact of urbanization on energy consumption and efficiency. Results of generalized method of moments estimation indicate that the process of urbanization leads to substantial increases in both the actual and the optimal energy consumption, but a decrease in efficiency of energy use. In addition, we find that the extent to which energy inefficiency correlates with urbanization is greater in countries with higher gross domestic product per capita.

scholarly journals A Crook is a Crook . . . But is He Still a Crook Abroad? On the Effect of Immigration on Destination-Country Corruption

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Dimant ◽  
Margarete Redlin ◽  
Tim Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of migration on destination-country corruption levels. Capitalizing on a comprehensive dataset consisting of annual immigration stocks of OECD countries from 207 countries of origin for the period 1984-2008, we explore different channels through which corruption might migrate. We employ different estimation methods using fixed effects and Tobit regressions in order to validate our findings. Moreover, we also address the issue of endogeneity by using the Difference- Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Independent of the econometric methodology, we consistently find that while general migration has an insignificant effect on the destination country’s corruption level, immigration from corruption-ridden origin countries boosts corruption in the destination country. Our findings provide a more profound understanding of the socioeconomic implications associated with migration flows.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of Technological Innovations on Unemployment in the European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Zigmas Lydeka ◽  
Akvile Karaliute
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact

Innovation and unemployment are two economic elements related to each other that have been constantly analyzed in the economic debates from the beginning of the 21st century. A classical question is whether innovation creates or destroys jobs. The conventional approach contemplates innovation as a transformation instrument of an economy, resulting in economic growth and jobs creation. Another approach points out to various mechanisms which can compensate the primary effect of innovations and cause an ultimate effect of innovations on labour demand to be unclear. In view of the fact that there are many different explanations about the impact of innovations on labour demand, this paper, after the analysis of theoretical and empirical scientific literature in this field, provides an empirical analysis with unemployment as the dependent variable. The authors use data from 28 European Union countries for the period of 1992–2016 and pursue to research how technological innovations affect unemployment rate. There are two core independent variables – expenditure on R&D (research and development) and number of patent applications – as the main proxies for technological innovations. Control variables that affect unemployment are included to the model as well. The model was estimated using a dynamic two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-SYS) of a panel data system. After the composition of 12 different estimations of the model, the results suggest that, in some cases, technological innovations affect unemployment.

scholarly journals Determinants of Basmati Exports from Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Munwar Hayat ◽  
Raheela Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to estimate the impact of different factors of basmati exports from Pakistan to its trading partner. Results are obtained by using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model and panel data methodology with a sample of 22 countries for the period of 2003-2019. To estimate the impact of different variables on basmati exports Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model is used on the panel dataset. The results revealed that the inflation rate of Pakistan has a negative and significant effect on the export competitiveness of Pakistani basmati. The exchange rate of Pakistan has a positive and significant impact on the basmati export, the population of Pakistan has a negative and significant impact on basmati export. Basmati production in Pakistan also has a significant and negative impact on basmati export. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan has a significant and positive impact on the basmati export while the GDP of the trading partner has a significant and negative impact on the basmati export. The dummy variable for joint border also has a positive and significant impact on basmati exports of Pakistan.

Impact of Foreign Ownership on Leverage: A Study of Indian Firms

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092092736
Author(s):  
Surbhi Gupta ◽  
Surendra S. Yadav ◽  
P. K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Continuous Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structure Choice

Capital structure choice is a corporate decision which provides a combination of securities used to finance the investment requirements ( Myers, 2001 ). That the ownership of a firm influences its decision-making process is a well-accepted economic proposition. Due to liberalization and continuous measures initiated by the Indian government to make India more business-friendly, foreign ownership has assumed a prominence in many Indian firms. In this regard, this article aims to examine the impact of foreign ownership on the financing mix, employing the data of non-financial firms constituting the Nifty 200 index, for the period 2007–2018; the data have been extracted from Bloomberg® and Ace Equity®. Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique for empirical analysis, the study observes that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between foreign ownership and leverage.

scholarly journals DOES REAL ESTATE TRANSPARENCY MATTER FOR FOREIGN REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Farzanegan ◽  
Hassan Gholipour Fereidouni
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Local Property ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Real Estate Investments ◽  
Free Flow Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Consistent Application

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of real estate transparency (RET) on foreign real estate investments (FREI). Most of the previous studies have argued that the free flow of information and the fair and consistent application of local property laws could attract greater amounts of FREI. Using observations from 32 countries covering 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010 and applying fixed-effect and the generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques, our empirical results reveal that RET is not a major determinant of FREI. However, we find that the effect of RET on FREI is dependent on its interaction with the level of income implying that the higher the level of income in the host country, the higher the effect of RET on FREI. Finally, the results show that foreign direct investment (FDI) in other sector, market size and property prices are important determinants of FREI.

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