Inventarisasi Liken di Kawasan Kebun Raya Bogor

Zahra Nur Ramadhanti;  Inggit Amellia Harnum;  Nadia Riza Pratiwi;  Zahra Wihanifa Putri;  Mieke Miarsyah;  Annisa Wulan Agus Utami

doi:10.21009/pbe.4-1.11

Inventarisasi Liken di Kawasan Kebun Raya Bogor

Proceeding of Biology Education ◽

10.21009/pbe.4-1.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 120-129

Author(s):

Zahra Nur Ramadhanti ◽

Inggit Amellia Harnum ◽

Nadia Riza Pratiwi ◽

Zahra Wihanifa Putri ◽

Mieke Miarsyah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ ◽

Purposive Sampling

Kebun Raya Bogor merupakan salah satu ruang terbuka hijau utama di tengah Kota Bogor yang padat dan sudah ada sejak zaman pemerintahan kolonial Belanda. Kebun Raya Bogor memiliki peran sebagai bank plasma ex-situ. Kebun Raya Bogor menyimpan banyak plasma nutfah dari berbagai cagar alam serta memiliki koleksi tumbuhan hidup sebanyak 3.423 spesies, 1.257 genus dan 222 famili. Namun, liken yang berada di berbagai pohon Kebun Raya Bogor masih kurang diperhatikan dan belum banyak diteliti serta diketahui spesiesnya. Nyatanya terdapat beberapa manfaat yang mungkin diperoleh dalam meneliti liken di Kebun Raya Bogor ini, salah satunya yaitu dapat mengetahui kualitas udara di sekitar kawasan Kebun Raya Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui spesies liken yang sering dijumpai di kawasan Kebun Raya Bogor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi pengamatan ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, ditentukan tiga stasiun sebagai perwakilan populasi liken di Kebun Raya Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa liken dengan jenis talus crustose mendominasi dibanding jenis talus lainnya. Diperoleh 17 spesies liken dengan tipe talus crustose sebanyak 10 spesies, foliose sebanyak 6 spesies, dan fructicose sebanyak 1 spesies. Tujuh belas spesies tersebut tergolong kedalam sepuluh famili, yaitu Arthoniaceae, Caliciaceae, Candelariaceae, Cladonia, Graphidaceae, Lecanoraceae, Parmeliaceae, Phlyctidaceae, Crocyniaceae, Stereocaulaceae. Famili Arthoniaceae merupakan famili yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan nilai persentase sebesar 27%. Spesies dari famili tersebut, Cryptothecia scripta merupakan spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan presentase sebesar 21%. Jenis talus liken sangat erat kaitannya dengan kemampuan liken tersebut bertahan pada kondisi lingkungan yang ada.

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STUDI KUALITAS AIR TANAH KOTA MAGELANG AKIBAT DAMPAK LIMBAH DOMESTIK DAN INDUSTRI

Journal of Aquaculture Science ◽

10.31093/joas.v5i2.122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Muhammad Tri Aji ◽

Abdul Qadir Jailani

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Suspended Solid ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Total Dissolved Solid

Era milenial ini permasalahan air sebagai sumber kehidupan semakin terasa. Terutama pada air tanah yang menjadi salah satu sumber kehidupan sehari – hari mulai dari aktifitas rumah tangga sampai aktifitas industri. Permasalahan air tanah semakin terasa apabila diiringi dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin tinggi. Kota Magelang merupakan salah satu kota yang perkembangannya tergolong pesat di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari pembangunan serta pertumbuhan ekonomi yang dicapai oleh kota ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terkini mengenai kualitas air tanah di wilayah kota magelang akibat pembuangan limbah domestik dan industri dengan menganalisis parameter fisika (Suhu), parameter kimia (pH, Nitrat, BOD, COD, dan TSS), dan parameter biologi (Total Coliform). Penetapan lokasi penelitian guna pengambilan sampling air dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisa parameter kualitas air dapat dilakukan secara in situ dan ex-situ serta nantinya akan di bandingkan dengan baku mutu air PP No.82 tahun 2001 dan Permenkes No. 32 tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk parameter fisika masih dalam kondisi yang baik dengan nilai suhu rata-rata 26,1°C, sedangkan untuk nilai TSS (Total Suspended Solid) dan TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) 3,7 mg/L dan 227,95 mg/L. sedangkan untuk parameter kimia pH menunjukkan nilai yang cukup fluktuatif dan pada beberapa stasiun air tanah bersifat asam dengan nilai dibawah 7. Nilai nitrat pada stasiun penelitian 1,6,7 dan 9 memiliki nilai melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan yaitu 10 mg/L. Kemudian untuk nilai BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) memiliki nilai lebih dari 2 mg/L sebagai syarat masuk kelas 1 mutu air tanah yang aman untuk higine, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) mempunyai nilai yang melebihi syarat maksimal yaitu 10 mg/L di semua stasiun penelitian, oleh sebab itu dikatagorikan sebagai pencemaran berat. Nilai total coliform yang melebihi baku mutu air untuk keperluan higiene sanitasi menurut Permenkes No. 32 tahun 2017 sebesar 50 MPN/100ml.kualitas air tanah Kota Magelang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan air minum dengan catatan penggunannya harus melalui proses pemasakan terlebih dahulu.

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An in situ and ex situ TEM study of the formation of thin cobalt silicide films by molecular beam epitaxy on the silicon (100) surface

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010010648x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 884-885

Author(s):

D. Loretto ◽

J. M. Gibson ◽

S. M. Yalisove ◽

R. T. Tung

Keyword(s):

Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽

Molecular Beam ◽

Defect Density ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Ultra High Vacuum ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Metal Base ◽

In Situ Experiments ◽

Potential Applications

The cobalt disilicide/silicon system has potential applications as a metal-base and as a permeable-base transistor. Although thin, low defect density, films of CoSi2 on Si(111) have been successfully grown, there are reasons to believe that Si(100)/CoSi2 may be better suited to the transmission of electrons at the silicon/silicide interface than Si(111)/CoSi2. A TEM study of the formation of CoSi2 on Si(100) is therefore being conducted. We have previously reported TEM observations on Si(111)/CoSi2 grown both in situ, in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) TEM and ex situ, in a conventional Molecular Beam Epitaxy system.The procedures used for the MBE growth have been described elsewhere. In situ experiments were performed in a JEOL 200CX electron microscope, extensively modified to give a vacuum of better than 10-9 T in the specimen region and the capacity to do in situ sample heating and deposition. Cobalt was deposited onto clean Si(100) samples by thermal evaporation from cobalt-coated Ta filaments.

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The use of transmission and analytical electron microscopy in studying reactions and phase transformations in thin film

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100150046 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 842-843

Author(s):

K. Barmak

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Thin Films ◽

Phase Transformations ◽

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Multilayer Thin Films ◽

Absolute Concentration ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Deposition Step

Generally, processing of thin films involves several annealing steps in addition to the deposition step. During the annealing steps, diffusion, transformations and reactions take place. In this paper, examples of the use of TEM and AEM for ex situ and in situ studies of reactions and phase transformations in thin films will be presented.The ex situ studies were carried out on Nb/Al multilayer thin films annealed to different stages of reaction. Figure 1 shows a multilayer with dNb = 383 and dAl = 117 nm annealed at 750°C for 4 hours. As can be seen in the micrograph, there are four phases, Nb/Nb3-xAl/Nb2-xAl/NbAl3, present in the film at this stage of the reaction. The composition of each of the four regions marked 1-4 was obtained by EDX analysis. The absolute concentration in each region could not be determined due to the lack of thickness and geometry parameters that were required to make the necessary absorption and fluorescence corrections.

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Transmission Electron Microscopy of Epitaxial silicides grown by ultra high vacuum deposition

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100154287 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 462-463

Author(s):

D. Loretto ◽

J. M. Gibson ◽

S. M. Yalisove

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

High Vacuum ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Electron ◽

Ultra High Vacuum ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Transmission Electron

The silicides CoSi2 and NiSi2 are both metallic with the fee flourite structure and lattice constants which are close to silicon (1.2% and 0.6% smaller at room temperature respectively) Consequently epitaxial cobalt and nickel disilicide can be grown on silicon. If these layers are formed by ultra high vacuum (UHV) deposition (also known as molecular beam epitaxy or MBE) their thickness can be controlled to within a few monolayers. Such ultrathin metal/silicon systems have many potential applications: for example electronic devices based on ballistic transport. They also provide a model system to study the properties of heterointerfaces. In this work we will discuss results obtained using in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM).In situ TEM is suited to the study of MBE growth for several reasons. It offers high spatial resolution and the ability to penetrate many monolayers of material. This is in contrast to the techniques which are usually employed for in situ measurements in MBE, for example low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), which are both sensitive to only a few monolayers at the surface.

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Interfacial properties of GaSb/InAs superlattices

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100149969 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 826-827

Author(s):

M. E. Twigg ◽

B. R. Bennett ◽

J. R. Waterman ◽

J. L. Davis ◽

B. V. Shanabrook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gaas Substrate ◽

Molecular Beam ◽

Infrared Detector ◽

Interfacial Properties ◽

Ex Situ ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Absorption Coefficients ◽

X Ray ◽

Short Period ◽

High Optical Absorption

Recently, the GaSb/InAs superlattice system has received renewed attention. The interest stems from a model demonstrating that short period Ga1-xInxSb/InAs superlattices will have both a band gap less than 100 meV and high optical absorption coefficients, principal requirements for infrared detector applications. Because this superlattice system contains two species of cations and anions, it is possible to prepare either InSb-like or GaAs-like interfaces. As such, the system presents a unique opportunity to examine interfacial properties.We used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to prepare an extensive set of GaSb/InAs superlattices grown on an GaSb buffer, which, in turn had been grown on a (100) GaAs substrate. Through appropriate shutter sequences, the interfaces were directed to assume either an InSb-like or GaAs-like character. These superlattices were then studied with a variety of ex-situ probes such as x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. These probes confirmed that, indeed, predominantly InSb-like and GaAs-like interfaces had been achieved.

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