scholarly journals Risk of Recurrent Miscarriage in India and the Effect of Paternal Age and Maternal Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamini Sharad Pokale ◽  
Prashant Khadke
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Paternal Age Effect

<div><p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> A risk of miscarriage increases with increase in parental age. However many studies investigate only the effect of maternal age. This study focused on both the maternal age and paternal age effect on miscarriage.</em></p><p><strong><em>Method:</em></strong><em> Couples with the pregnancy loss issue were studied with the age range 19 to 50 years. Maternal age and paternal age were analyzed together. The couples composed of a women and man both aged 20-29 years were used as reference group.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> Universally the risk of miscarriage was found to be higher if the women age was 35 years or more and man with age was 40 years or more. But due to small sample size this has not been proved in this study. </em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong><em> The risk of pregnancy loss increases if male and female partners are having advanced age.</em></p></div>

Stillbirth Rate and Weight at Birth of Quintuplets in Japan

1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
The Mean

AbstractNation-wide data in Japan on births and prenatal deaths of 16 sets of quintuplets during 1974-1985 were analysed. Among the 16 sets, 3 sets were liveborn, 8 were stillborn, and 5 were mixed, with a stillbirth rate of 0.64 (51/80). Effects of sex, maternal age and birth order on the stillbirth rate were not considered because of the small sample size. Effects of gestational age and birthweight on stillbirth rate were also examined. The mean weight of the 40 quintuplet individuals was 1,048 g.

scholarly journals Impact of Spirituality on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of Students Preparing for Competitive Exams

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Ola
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
College Ranking ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

Background: Gradually over the years trend towards education system in our country has changed, it has become highly competitive. On the basis of one’s grades admissions to various “top colleges” is provided, which further leads to “high packaged placements”. On the basis of one’s job status and college ranking their self worth is measured and all this puts lot of burden on students who have to continuously strive to achieve better than their batch mates, their siblings, relatives, neighbors etc. Aim: The aim of the study was to see whether spirituality would have any impact on depression, anxiety and stress in male and female students preparing for competitive exams. Methods: Participants were 60 students (30 males and 30 females) from areas of Rajasthan and Delhi, India, in the age range of 16-25 years, with no history of any psychiatric illness. They gave their consent to participate in the study. Spirituality was assessed using the daily spiritual experience scale by Underwood & Teresi, (2002), depression, anxiety, and stress levels through Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS by Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Sample was purposive and the data were collected in individual situations. Results: There was difference between male and female students with regard to spirituality, depression, anxiety and stress, however only on the dimension of anxiety the results were significant, where female students had significantly more anxiety than that of male students (t = 2.87, p = .01). With regard to correlation between spirituality, depression, anxiety and stress there was significant inverse correlation for male and female students. However only for anxiety scores in females, there was a significant inverse correlation (r=-.417, p= .01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that spirituality to some extent helps in reducing anxiety. At the same time it is essential for us to realize that spirituality is not the only way to help the young stressed students to cope with this life challenge, the family simultaneously needs to be supportive and not over pressurize the students and should stop comparing them to one or the other. However due to the small sample size the result findings cannot be generalized.

scholarly journals Association between preconception paternal health and pregnancy loss in the USA: an analysis of US claims data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex M Kasman ◽  
Chiyuan A Zhang ◽  
Shufeng Li ◽  
Ying Lu ◽  
Ruth B Lathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Insurance Claims ◽  
Claims Database ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
The Usa

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is preconception paternal health associated with pregnancy loss? SUMMARY ANSWER Poor preconception paternal health is associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss as confirmed in sensitivity analyses accounting for maternal age and health. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Preconception paternal health can negatively impact perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective cohort study of US insurance claims database from 2009 to 2016 covering 958 804 pregnancies. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS US insurance claims database including women, men and pregnancies within the USA between 2007 and 2016. Paternal preconception health status (e.g. metabolic syndrome diagnoses (MetS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and individual chronic disease diagnoses) was examined in relation to pregnancy loss (e.g. ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage and stillbirth). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In all, 958 804 pregnancies were analyzed. The average paternal age was 35.3 years (SD 5.3) and maternal age was 33.1 years (SD 4.4). Twenty-two percent of all pregnancies ended in a loss. After adjusting for maternal factors, the risk of pregnancy loss increased with increasing paternal comorbidity. For example, compared to men with no components of MetS, the risk of pregnancy loss increased for men with one (relative risk (RR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.09–1.12), two (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13–1.17) or three or more (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14–1.24) components. Specifically, less healthy men had a higher risk of siring a pregnancy ending in spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and ectopic pregnancies. Similar patterns remained with other measures of paternal health (e.g. CCI, chronic diseases, etc.). When stratifying by maternal age as well as maternal health, a similar pattern of increasing pregnancy loss risk for men with 1, 2 or 3+ MetS was observed. A statistically significant but weak association between timing of pregnancy loss and paternal health was found. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Retrospective study design covering only employer insured individuals may limit generalizability WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Optimization of a father’s health may improve pregnancy outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Science Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1 TR001085). M.L.E. is an advisor for Sandstone Diagnostics, Dadi, Hannah and Underdog. No other competing interests were declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A

P–003 Transposon insertion profiling by sequencing (TIPseq) identifies novel LINE–1 insertions in human sperm

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Berteli ◽  
F Wang ◽  
W McKerrow ◽  
P Navarro ◽  
D Fenyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Instability ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Study question Do human sperm contain novel LINE–1 insertions and are they affected by paternal age? Summary answer Human sperm contain novel LINE–1 insertions. Their location or number are not affected by paternal age. What is known already LINE–1 comprises 17% of the human genome and some LINE–1s are the only autonomous retrotransposons in humans. Retrotransposons influence genomic instability and/or regulation if new retrotransposition events disrupt coding or regulatory regions in the host genome. Demethylation during germ cell development de-represses retrotransposons. Advanced paternal age is associated with genomic instability. Previously we showed that sperm LINE–1 copy number decreases with paternal age. We hypothesize that human sperm exhibit de novo retrotransposition and that sperm from older men contain increased novel LINE–1 insertions. Study design, size, duration Cross-sectional case–control study with semen samples collected between February to July 2020. Participants/materials, setting, methods Normospermic sperm samples (n = 10; 5 &lt;35 years old and 5 ≥45 years old) obtained from consenting men undergoing IVF at NYU Fertility Center were submitted to a novel method, single cell Transposon Insertion Profiling by Sequencing (scTIPseq) to identify and map LINE–1 insertions in human sperm. TIPseqHunter, a custom bioinformatics pipeline, compared the architecture of sperm LINE–1 to known LINE–1 insertions from the European database of human specific LINE–1 (L1Hs) retrotransposon insertions in humans (euL1db). Main results and the role of chance TIPseq identified 17 novel insertions in sperm, 8 from older (≥ 45 years) and 9 in younger men (&lt;35 years). New insertions were mainly intergenic or intronic, including AC007402 (2/10), TMEM163 (2/7), CTTNBP2NL (3/5), AC107023 (3/3), TMC2 (2/19), MacroD2 (2/6), RAB3C (3/4), LINC02664 (1/1), AC079052 (2/3) and AC017091 (4/4). One novel insertion (&lt;35 years old) hits a known regulatory element. Only one sample (≥ 45 years old) did not exhibit any new insertion. The location or number of novel insertions did not differ by paternal age. Limitations, reasons for caution The small sample-size and use of normospermic specimens limit interpretation of paternal age effect on LINE–1. Besides, the novel insertions could be polymorphic sites that have low allele frequency and thus have not yet been described. Wider implications of the findings: This study for the first time reports novel LINE–1 insertions in human sperm, demonstrating that scTIPseq method is a feasible technique, and identifying new contributions to genetic diversity in the human germ line. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these insertions on sperm function. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Impact of Paternal Age at Conception on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Simard ◽  
Catherine Laprise ◽  
Simon L Girard
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
Paternal Age Effect

Abstract BACKGROUND The effect of maternal age at conception on various aspects of offspring health is well documented and often discussed. We seldom hear about the paternal age effect on offspring health, although the link is now almost as solid as with maternal age. The causes behind this, however, are drastically different between males and females. CONTENT In this review article, we will first examine documented physiological changes linked to paternal age effect. We will start with all morphological aspects of the testis that have been shown to be altered with aging. We will then move on to all the parameters of spermatogenesis that are linked with paternal age at conception. The biggest part of this review will focus on genetic changes associated with paternal age effects. Several studies that have established a strong link between paternal age at conception and the rate of de novo mutations will be reviewed. We will next discuss paternal age effects associated with telomere length and try to better understand the seemingly contradictory results. Finally, severe diseases that affect brain functions and normal development have been associated with older paternal age at conception. In this context, we will discuss the cases of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, as well as several childhood cancers. SUMMARY In many Western civilizations, the age at which parents have their first child has increased substantially in recent decades. It is important to summarize major health issues associated with an increased paternal age at conception to better model public health systems.

Influences Comparees de l'Age Maternel et de l'Age Paternel sur l'Apparition de la Trisomie G Libre

1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Y. Ros
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Age Range

SummaryIn order to study the influence of maternal and of paternal age on the incidence of standard trisomy G, two samples were compared, one of 335 trisomic and one of 330 normal children in the same age range.The results show an increasing incidence of the anomaly with maternal age, whereas nothing could be concluded concerning paternal age.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Norms Among Qatari Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Abdallah Hashim ◽  
Najah AL-Sayed ◽  
Ayah AL-Qaisi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Vertical Relationship ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeon ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Lower Incisors

Aims: The aims of this study were to introduce cephalometric norms for Qatari females and compare the result with previous published reports. Material and method: The sample consisted of 57 cephalographs with age range 18 to 25 years old. All subjects satisfied the criteria of selection. Cephalometric measurements of Qatari females were then compared with Eastman Standard norms and Arabs studies as well as reports conducted among Oriental and Black races. Results: The result indicates that Qatari females presented with higher mean values of sagittal and vertical relationship compared to Caucasian cephalometric norms. In terms of dental variables proclined upper and lower incisors in relation to their dental bases, and a reduction in inter-incisal angle. The soft tissue variables indicate that the lips were slightly protrusive in relation to Rickett’s esthetic line, and the nasolabial angle was less obtuse. The bimaxillary proclination and protrusion of the upper and lower incisors were existed in all Arab populations as well as in Black and Oriental races whereas the Caucasian had retrusive dentition. Conclusion: Due to limitation of the present study, it is difficult to draw a solid conclusion due to small sample size.  Hence, large sample size is recommended for both sexes in order to establish cephalometric norms which will be of great help not only to the orthodontist but also to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon as well as the pedodontist.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Yoga Experienced and Yoga Naïve Asian Indian Adults with Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shirley Telles ◽  
Sachin Kumar Sharma ◽  
Alok Singh ◽  
Niranjan Kala ◽  
Vikas Upadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
One Year ◽  
Age Range

Background. Obesity adversely affects quality of life which then acts as a barrier to weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Hence, those interventions which positively influence the quality of life along with weight reduction are considered useful for sustained weight loss in persons with obesity. An earlier study showed better quality of life in obese adults who had experience of yoga compared to yoga naïve obese adults. However, the main limitation of the study was the small sample size (n=20 in each group). Objective. The present study aimed to determine whether with larger sample sizes the quality of life would differ in yoga experienced compared to yoga naïve adults with obesity. Methods. There were 596 Asian Indian obese adults (age range 20 to 59 years; group mean age ± SD; 43.9 ± 9.9 years): of whom (i) 298 were yoga experienced (154 females; group mean age ± SD; 44.0 ± 9.8 years) with a minimum of 1 month of experience in yoga practice and (ii) 298 were yoga naïve (154 females; group mean age ± SD; 43.8 ± 10.0 years). All the participants were assessed for quality of life using the Moorehead–Ardelt quality of life questionnaire II. Data were drawn from a larger nationwide trial which assessed the effects of yoga compared to nutritional advice on obesity over a one-year follow-up period (CTRI/2018/05/014077). Results. There were higher participant-reported outcomes for four out of six aspects of quality of life in the yoga experienced compared to the yoga naïve (p<0.008, based on t values of the least squares linear regression analyses, Bonferroni adjusted, and adjusted for age, gender, and BMI as covariates). These were enjoyment in physical activities, ability to work, self-esteem, and social satisfaction. Conclusion. Obese adults with yoga experience appear to have better quality of life in specific aspects, compared to yoga naïve persons with a comparable degree of obesity.

scholarly journals The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in Ageing and Longevity: Focus on Sicilian Long-Living Individuals (LLIs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Patrizia Cancemi ◽  
Anna Aiello ◽  
Giulia Accardi ◽  
Rosalia Caldarella ◽  
Giuseppina Candore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Antioxidant Markers ◽  
Age Range

Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of proteins that activate substrates by enzymatic cleavage and, on the basis of their activities, have been demonstrated to play a role in ageing. Thus, in order to gain insight into the pathophysiology of ageing and to identify new markers of longevity, we analysed the activity levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in association with some relevant haematochemical parameters in a Sicilian population, including long-living individuals (LLIs, ≥95 years old). A cohort of 154 healthy subjects (72 men and 82 women) of different ages (age range 20-112) was recruited. The cohort was divided into five subgroups: the first group with subjects less than 40 years old, the second group ranging from 40 to 64 years old, the third group ranging from 65 to 89 years old, the fourth group ranging from 90 to 94 years old, and the fifth group with subjects more than 95 years old. A relationship was observed between LLIs and MMP-2, but not between LLIs and MMP-9. However, in the LLI group, MMP-2 and MMP-9 values were significantly correlated. Furthermore, in LLIs, we found a positive correlation of MMP-2 with the antioxidant catabolite uric acid and a negative correlation with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. Finally, in LLIs MMP-9 values correlated directly both with cholesterol and with low-density lipoproteins. On the whole, our data suggest that the observed increase of MMP-2 in LLIs might play a positive role in the attainment of longevity. This is the first study that shows that serum activity of MMP-2 is increased in LLIs as compared to younger subjects. As far as we are concerned, it is difficult to make wide-ranging conclusions/assumptions based on these observations in view of the relatively small sample size of LLIs. However, this is an important starting point. Larger-scale future studies will be required to clarify these findings including the link with other systemic inflammatory and antioxidant markers.

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