scholarly journals Impact of Spirituality on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of Students Preparing for Competitive Exams

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Ola
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
College Ranking ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

Background: Gradually over the years trend towards education system in our country has changed, it has become highly competitive. On the basis of one’s grades admissions to various “top colleges” is provided, which further leads to “high packaged placements”. On the basis of one’s job status and college ranking their self worth is measured and all this puts lot of burden on students who have to continuously strive to achieve better than their batch mates, their siblings, relatives, neighbors etc. Aim: The aim of the study was to see whether spirituality would have any impact on depression, anxiety and stress in male and female students preparing for competitive exams. Methods: Participants were 60 students (30 males and 30 females) from areas of Rajasthan and Delhi, India, in the age range of 16-25 years, with no history of any psychiatric illness. They gave their consent to participate in the study. Spirituality was assessed using the daily spiritual experience scale by Underwood & Teresi, (2002), depression, anxiety, and stress levels through Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS by Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Sample was purposive and the data were collected in individual situations. Results: There was difference between male and female students with regard to spirituality, depression, anxiety and stress, however only on the dimension of anxiety the results were significant, where female students had significantly more anxiety than that of male students (t = 2.87, p = .01). With regard to correlation between spirituality, depression, anxiety and stress there was significant inverse correlation for male and female students. However only for anxiety scores in females, there was a significant inverse correlation (r=-.417, p= .01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that spirituality to some extent helps in reducing anxiety. At the same time it is essential for us to realize that spirituality is not the only way to help the young stressed students to cope with this life challenge, the family simultaneously needs to be supportive and not over pressurize the students and should stop comparing them to one or the other. However due to the small sample size the result findings cannot be generalized.

Investigating the Dynamics of Suicidal Ideation

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hallensleben ◽  
Lena Spangenberg ◽  
Thomas Forkmann ◽  
Dajana Rath ◽  
Ulrich Hegerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Ema Method ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Background: Although the fluctuating nature of suicidal ideation (SI) has been described previously, longitudinal studies investigating the dynamics of SI are scarce. Aim: To demonstrate the fluctuation of SI across 6 days and up to 60 measurement points using smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMA). Method: Twenty inpatients with unipolar depression and current and/or lifetime suicidal ideation rated their momentary SI 10 times per day over a 6-day period. Mean squared successive difference (MSSD) was calculated as a measure of variability. Correlations of MSSD with severity of depression, number of previous depressive episodes, and history of suicidal behavior were examined. Results: Individual trajectories of SI are shown to illustrate fluctuation. MSSD values ranged from 0.2 to 21.7. No significant correlations of MSSD with several clinical parameters were found, but there are hints of associations between fluctuation of SI and severity of depression and suicidality. Limitations: Main limitation of this study is the small sample size leading to low power and probably missing potential effects. Further research with larger samples is necessary to shed light on the dynamics of SI. Conclusion: The results illustrate the dynamic nature and the diversity of trajectories of SI across 6 days in psychiatric inpatients with unipolar depression. Prediction of the fluctuation of SI might be of high clinical relevance. Further research using EMA and sophisticated analyses with larger samples is necessary to shed light on the dynamics of SI.

Case series: COVID-19 infection causing new-onset diabetes mellitus?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujuta Katkar ◽  
Narasa Raju Madam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Onset Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
New Onset

Objectives: This paper seeks to explore the hypothesis of the potential diabetogenic effect of SARS-COV-2 (Severe Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus). Case series presentation: We present a case series of observation among 8 patients of age group ranging from 34 to 74 years with a BMI range of 26.61 to 53.21 Kilogram/square meters that developed new-onset diabetes after COVID-19 infection. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2), commonly known as Coronavirus or COVID-19(Coronavirus infectious disease), gains entry into the cells by binding to the Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2(ACE-2) receptors located in essential metabolic tissues including the pancreas, adipose tissue, small intestine, and kidneys. The evidence reviewed from the scientific literature describes how ACE 2 receptors play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the plausible interaction of SARS-COV-2 with ACE 2 receptors in metabolic organs and tissues. Conclusion: The 8 patients without a past medical history of diabetes admitted with COVID-19 infection developed new-onset diabetes mellitus due to plausible interaction of SARS-COV-2 with ACE 2 receptors. The resulting downregulation of ACE-2 and ACE-2 receptors expression caused islet-cell damage resulting into diabetes. The resulting observation has the potential to adversely impact significant number of the globally affected population. Screening patients with COVID-19 for diabetes routinely can help in early detection, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Due to limitations of observational study with a small sample size will require further investigation in the form of Clinical trial.

scholarly journals OUTCOME OF CEREBRAL CONTUSIONS DUE TO TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed Khan ◽  
Habib sultan ◽  
Amir Aziz ◽  
Shahrukh Rizvi ◽  
Tauqeer Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of surgically operated vs conservatively treated patients of cerebral contusions due to traumatic brain injury. METHODOLOGY: This comparative study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014 at the department of Neurosurgery, PGMI Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. A total of 50 patients were included in this study of both gender (male and female) and in the age range of 15-65 years. In our study 20 patients were managed conservatively while other 30 patients were operated for cerebral contusions. The mode of injury in our study was road traffic accidents and history of falls. RESULTS: Out of 50 patients, there were 41 (82%) males and 09 (18%) female patients. Their age ranged from 15 - 65 years. In this study the overall mean age is 38.36 years. The maximum numbers of patients were in their third and fourth decades of life. In our study the duration of hospital stay in conservatively managed patients was longer as compared to surgically treated patients who were discharged earlier. Mortality rate in surgically managed patients having a GCS ranged between 09 to 12 was very low contrary to the conservatively managed group, similarly the rate of delayed contusion formation and edema was also low in surgically managed patients as compared to those who were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Surgically managed patients of cerebral contusions in traumatic brain injury has better outcome and decreased hospital stay as compared to conservatively managed patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Blood Groups in Eastern UP Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Vandana Rai
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Allele Frequency Distribution ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Different Types

Approximately 300 different types of blood groups are identified so far, the ABO and Rh antigens are still the clinically most significant and genetically most polymorphic of all human blood group systems to date. A total of 200 unrelated individuals from Uttar Pradesh were studied for the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups. In total 200 samples analyzed, phenotype B blood type has the highest frequency 36.5% (n=73), followed by O (34.5%; n=69), A (20.5%; n=41) and AB (8.5%; n=17). The O, A and B frequencies were 0.5849, 0.1571 and 0.2580 respectively. The overall phenotypic frequencies of ABO blood groups were B>O>A>AB. The variation in phenotypic frequencies between male and female might be due to small sample size of male sample. The allelic frequency of Rh-negative was 0.2.

Impact of race on biomarker testing among HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients (pts) in the United States: Results from a real-world study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10598-10598
Author(s):  
Reshma L. Mahtani ◽  
Alexander Niyazov ◽  
Katie Lewis ◽  
Lucy Massey ◽  
Alex Rider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
The Impact

10598 Background: African Americans (AA) have the highest breast cancer (BC) mortality rate. Access to treatment is a known contributing factor. In the past 4 years, several targeted therapies for HER2- BC have become available which require testing for specific biomarkers. This study assessed the impact of race on biomarker testing rates in HER2- ABC pts receiving treatment in the US. Methods: Oncologists were recruited to abstract data from medical charts for the next 8-10 pts receiving treatment with HER2- ABC during Sept 2019-Apr 2020. Pts records were stratified by race and categorized into 3 mutually exclusive cohorts [White/Caucasian (White), AA, Other]. The other race cohort was excluded from this analysis due to small sample size. Differences in pt demographics/clinical characteristics were analyzed via Fisher’s exact tests. Testing rates for actionable biomarkers (i.e. BRCA1/2, PIK3CA, PD-L1) were compared between White and AA pts utilizing logistic regressions controlling for age, known family history of a BRCA-related cancer, hormone receptor (HR) status and practice setting (academic vs. community). Further analyses by age will be presented. Results: This analysis included 378 pts records, provided by 40 oncologists. Mean age was 64 years; 77% had HR+/HER2- ABC; 20% had advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), 3% had ABC with an unknown HR status. Compared to White pts, AA pts were significantly more likely to have advanced TNBC (27% vs. 18%, p<0.05). Compared to White pts, AA pts had significantly lower BRCA1/2 mutation (mut) testing rates (Table). Numerically lower rates of PIK3CAmut and PD-L1 testing were observed among AA pts (Table). BRCA1/2mut positivity rate (germline [g] and/or somatic [s]) was higher among AA vs. White pts (30% vs. 22%). Positivity rate for PIK3CAmut was lower for AA vs. White pts (8% vs. 11%). Conclusions: A higher than expected BRCA1/2mut positivity rate was observed than previously reported in the literature. This is likely because this analysis included s BRCA1/2mut and represented a high risk pt population. Across all biomarkers assessed, AA pts had lower testing rates than White pts. This suggests racial disparities in testing rates of actionable biomarkers. Consistent with guidelines, and with the increased availability of targeted therapies, focused efforts should be developed to increase biomarker testing in AA pts. Funding: Pfizer Biomarker Testing Rates by Race.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Risk of Recurrent Miscarriage in India and the Effect of Paternal Age and Maternal Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamini Sharad Pokale ◽  
Prashant Khadke
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Paternal Age Effect

<div><p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> A risk of miscarriage increases with increase in parental age. However many studies investigate only the effect of maternal age. This study focused on both the maternal age and paternal age effect on miscarriage.</em></p><p><strong><em>Method:</em></strong><em> Couples with the pregnancy loss issue were studied with the age range 19 to 50 years. Maternal age and paternal age were analyzed together. The couples composed of a women and man both aged 20-29 years were used as reference group.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> Universally the risk of miscarriage was found to be higher if the women age was 35 years or more and man with age was 40 years or more. But due to small sample size this has not been proved in this study. </em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong><em> The risk of pregnancy loss increases if male and female partners are having advanced age.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Religiosity and Addiction Among Medical Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Salma Rehman ◽  
Madiha Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was aimed at exploring the relationship between the role of religiosity and drug addiction among medical students. In the present study the drug addicted medical students were compared to non-addicts on measures of adolescent alcohol and drug use and demographic information. Participants of the study consisted of two hundred (N=200) male and female students with the age range of 18-29, including one hundred addicts (n=100) and one hundred (n=100) non addict medical students. Convenient sampling and snowball technique was used for collecting the data from medical students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Responses from the different medical students were analyzed. The finding of the research indicated that those students who offered their prayers on regular basis were less likely to be prone to drug addiction as compared to those who did not offer prayers regularly.

scholarly journals The nature of language problem in Bangladeshi children with cerebral palsy: an observation using neurolinguistic approach

Mediscope ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
F Ferdous ◽  
MF Alam ◽  
MMR Chisty ◽  
JI Ali ◽  
NMW Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children Development ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of childhood disability affecting function and development. The objective of the study was to look into the language problems in Bangladeshi children with CP on the basis of neurolinguistic approach and was conducted during the period of April 2014 to December 2014 at the Department of Linguistics, University of Dhaka among children aged between 3 to 18 years. In the study, a total of 10 children with CP were enrolled purposively from two tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka (Children Development Centre of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital and National Institute of Mental Health). The mean±SD age was 8.9±4.8 years. Male was predominant (60.0%). History of prolonged labour was 100%, and home attended by untrained birth attendants in 70.0%. The 90.0% of the children understood simple meaningful sentences using two words. The children were unable to understand complex sentences. The 80.0% children did not want to play or make friendship with other children; 40.0% did not understand others’ speech, 50.0% did not express their own speech, and 10.0% did not understand & express their own speech. All the children had deep thong articulation changed to mono thong in case of semi vowel articulation. In case of history of delayed crying at birth, phoneme omission occurred when the children tried to articulate any word. To the best of knowledge, this was the first study done on the neurolinguistic approach in Bengali children, but the limitation of the study were that it was with small sample size, city based and short duration. Therefore, generalization of the results would be difficult. Further studies using larger sample would be better to visualize the extent of the issue in order to insert the children with CP in their social context and to give them quality of life.Mediscope Vol. 5, No. 1: Jan 2018, Page 22-27

MO136RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UPCR AND EGFR IN C3 GLOMERULOPATHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Nester ◽  
Patrick Breheny ◽  
Monica Hall ◽  
Alan Charney ◽  
Martin Lefkowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
C3 Glomerulopathy ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and Aims Considerable knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of the natural history of C3 glomerulopathy (C3G). Disease rarity, multiple nomenclature changes, and the inclusion of dissimilar cases in historical cohorts have precluded retrospective studies to define the natural course of C3G and identify risks for progression to kidney failure (end stage renal disease/ESRD). In the present analysis, we focus on C3G patients with native kidneys and examine the relationship between reductions in UPCR and disease progression as indicated by changes in eGFR. Method Patients included in this study were consented and enrolled in the University of Iowa C3G ReCom Registry, which was created in 2013. Beginning in 2017, complement activity and renal function data were collected prospectively at approximately 6-month intervals to define the natural history of C3G. Analyses were performed across 1-year periods of time (“spans”). To be included in a span, a patient had to meet the following criteria at the start of the 1-year period: native C3G, eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2, UPCR ≥1 g/g and ≥12 years of age. An individual patient could be included in more than one span. Results Analyses were performed using 34 one-year spans for 24 patients who met inclusion criteria at the beginning of the 1-year span. Baseline characteristics for the 34 spans were: male, 59%; mean age, 22.7 years; mean eGFR, 83.1 ml/min/1.73m2; mean UPCR, 2.86 g/g; mean plasma C3, 75.1 mg/dL. Similar analyses using only the first 1-year span for each of the 24 patients produced results that were consistent with those generated using all 1-year spans. Limitations of this study include its small sample size and data variability due to its observational nature. Conclusion The findings of this observational study support the premise that reductions in proteinuria are associated with a more stable eGFR in native kidney C3G. Regression analyses using UPCR as a continuous variable demonstrate the relationship between reduction in UPCR and preservation of eGFR. This association was also observed using both change in eGFR by UPCR reduction subgroup and UPCR-eGFR categorical analyses.

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