scholarly journals Taboos of the Ao-Nagas: Change and Continuity

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Resenmenla Longchar ◽  
Imchasenla .
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Group Form ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
The Many

The Ao-Naga is also one of the many tribes from Nagaland, North-east of India. The Ao-Naga tribe itself is not homogenous and is divided into six major clans, followed by many sub-clans. The following clans such as <em>Pongen</em>, <em>Longkumer</em> and <em>Jamir</em> of the Chungli group; <em>Imchen</em>, <em>Walling</em> and <em>Longchar</em> of the Mongsen group form the six major clans<strong>. </strong>The Ao-Naga tribe form major populace of Mokokchung district. The geographical distribution of the Ao region is bounded by the <em>Tzula</em> River; <em>Sangtam</em>, <em>Chang</em> and <em>Phom</em> tribes on the East; the <em>Lotha</em> tribes, the Assam plains on the west; <em>Konyak</em> tribe in the north and the <em>Sema</em> tribe in the south. The entire Ao territory is divided into six ranges (<em>Tsükong</em>), each having a name comprising of several villages. The ranges run parallel to one another and are called: the <em>Ongpangkong</em>, the <em>Langpangkong</em>, the <em>Asetkong</em>, the <em>Changkikong</em>, the <em>Japukong</em>, the <em>Tsurangkong</em>. The Ao-Naga consists of many villages and many sub-clans where they have their own rules and customary laws. The Aos fall under four language groups representing <em>Mongsen, Chungli, Changki and Sangpur</em>. However the major languages of the Ao-Naga are <em>Mongsen</em> and <em>Chungli</em>.

On the Chloride Waters of Great Britain

1945 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The South ◽  
Very Old ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Village ◽  
Made In

Formerly there were several surface brine springs in the North-East Coalfield; to-day there are none. From the many accounts of their occurrence nothing has been learned of their exact position, and very little of the composition of their waters. The earliest record, made in 1684, described the Butterby spring (Todd, 1684), and then at various times during the next two centuries brine springs at Framwellgate, Lumley, Birtley, Walker, Wallsend, Hebburn, and Jarrow were noted. In particular the Birtley salt spring is often mentioned, and on the 6-in. Ordnance map, Durham No. 13, 1862 edition, it is sited to the south-east of the village. Although no record has been found there must have been either a brine spring or well at Gateshead, for the name of the present-day suburb, Saltwell, is very old, and brine springs are still active in the coal workings of that area.

House I 10,1

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Glass Vessel ◽  
Unknown Type ◽  
West Wall ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Volcanic Deposit

In November 1926 the excavators recorded moving lapilli from in front of this house and from the entrance but no finds were reported in these areas. On 8 July 1932 they recorded removing disturbed volcanic deposit from the middle levels in the northeast area of this insula. A breach (min. h.: 2 m), now patched, in the south end of the west wall of room 2 and 1.05 m above the floor, presumably penetrated into this space and documents disturbance after ad 79. Elia observed that the room had been covered and had been divided for all or part of its length by a ‘tramezzo ligneo’ which Ling interprets as a wooden partition to screen the stairway. In the north-east corner, are three masonry steps from a stairway which Ling argued ascended along the east wall. Ling argues that the installation of this stairway would have put out of commission the recess and lararium painting (dimensions: 0.55 m × 0.4 m) behind it. The remains of a late Third Style decoration are found on the walls. The loose finds from near the north entrance of this space and from near the entrance to room 3 were predominantly door-fittings, with the possible exception of a small marble base. A small key reported in the latter location may originally have been from storage furniture but was unlikely to have been in use as no other remains of such furnishings were recorded. The only other find in this area was a glass vessel of unknown type. Elia called this room an ‘atrium’. The finds are not particularly diagnostic but, even if this area was disturbed, they hint that it had been relatively unencumbered with furnishings, probably serving predominantly as a reception and access area for the rest of the house. The breach in the south end of the west wall of this room implies that it may have been disturbed after ad 79. The walls had a simple painted decoration but this room had no evident fixtures. According to Elia it was an ‘oecus’. The limited ceramic finds (a jug, a terra sigillata dish, and a lamp) are associated with lighting and probably with the serving or storage of foodstuffs.

The West Court at Perachora

1967 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
J. J. Coulton
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
East And West

About 10 metres south-west of the sixth-century temple of Hera Akraia at Perachora, and nearly due west of the little harbour lies the small courtyard previously known as the ‘Agora’. Since its purpose is not known, it will here be non-committally referred to as the West Court. It was first excavated in 1932, and more fully, under the supervision of J. K. Brock, in 1933, but it was not entirely cleared until 1939, and it was at that time that the Roman house which stood in the middle of the court was demolished. The West Court is discussed briefly (under the name of ‘Agora’) in Perachora 1 and in the preliminary reports of the Perachora excavations. Short supplementary excavations were carried out in 1964 and 1966 to examine certain points of the structure.In shape the West Court is an irregular pentagon, about 24 metres from north to south and the same from east to west (Fig. 1; Plate 91 a, b). It is enclosed on the west, north, and on part, at least, of the east side by a wall of orthostates on an ashlar foundation. For a short distance on either side of the south corner, the court is bounded by a vertically dressed rock face which is extended to the north-east and west by walls of polygonal masonry. At the south-west corner the west orthostate wall butts against the polygonal wall, which continues for about 0·80 m. beyond it and then returns north for about 8 metres behind it.

New Neolithic Sites in Dorset and Bedfordshire, with a Note on the Distribution of Neolithic Storage-Pits in Britain

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 352-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Field ◽  
C. L. Matthews ◽  
I. F. Smith ◽  
Jane M. Ewbank
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
County Council ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Trunk Road

This discovery was made as a result of rescue excavation in advance of road improvements by the Dorset County Council in the autumn of 1962. The site (NGR SY/99789918) now lies in the north verge of the A31 trunk road, 500 feet towards Wimborne Minster from the new Lake junction to Corfe Mullen, but in 1962 it was still included in field No. 7924, belonging to Lake Farm. Here the land, which forms part of the flood-plain of the Stour, is crossed by a spur of slightly more elevated ground extending north from Willetts Lane. There is a gentle slope westwards from the site towards the Chillwater Stream, which flows north to the Stour after descending from higher ground. The lowlying terrain to the west of this low spur used to be marshland until its reclamation, accounting for the name ‘lake’ given to the locality. The subsoil of the valley-bottom is composed variously of gravel, shingly stones and brown alluvial loam. The original vegetational cover would have been woodland of deciduous type, extending from the floor of the valley up the slope to the south and thinning out to scrub and heath on the gravel plateau 150 feet above the Stour. Today, pasture dominates the scene, with oak prominent only in hedgerow or isolated clumps.The pit to be described below lay just over half a mile to the north-east of the site of one similar in shape and contents that was discovered in a quarry in Corfe Mullen parish some twenty-five years ago.

Chinese Communist Treatment of the Origins and the Foundation of the Chinese Empire

1965 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 78-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. P. Hulsewé
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Warring States ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Chinese Empire

In antiquity, China was far from being the China we know today, neither in extent, nor in political and social organisation. To the south it did not extend beyond the Yangtze River, to the north it stopped short of the Mongolian steppe, to the north-east, only a small part of the south Manchurian plain was included, whereas in the west it merely went up to the easternmost part of what is now Kansu Province; the Szechwan plain was only included at the end of the fourth century B.C. Politically, the King of Chou was theoretically the overlord of most of this area, but in actual practice, independent rulers reigned over a congeries of larger and smaller states. As a result of wars of conquest, seven large states had come to be formed by the middle of the fifth century B.C. and these were engaged in a ceaseless struggle for supremacy. The time between the middle of the fifth century and 221 B.C., when the western state of Ch'in finally conquered all its rivals, is known as the period of the Warring States.

scholarly journals An ultrabasic pipe in the eastern Sukkertoppen region, southern West Greenland

1980 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
R.P Hall
Keyword(s):  
Granulite Facies ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Unusual Occurrence ◽  
Anorthosite Complex

An unusual occurrence of ultrabasic material was located in the eastern Sukkertoppen region during the reconnaissance mapping programme of 1977, the findings of which were described by Allaart et al. (1978). It occurs on a small exposure on the west side of a north-pointing peninsula in the middle of the large nunatak Majorqap alangua (65°53'N, 50°40'W), to the north-east of the Majorqaq valley (Hall, 1978, fig. 21). The area is composed predominantly of a suite of granulite facies granitic gneisses which contain numerous enclaves of pyroxene-bearing amphibolites, and locally anorthositic and gabbroic rocks similar to those seen in the Fiskenæsset anorthosite complex (Myers, 1975). The gneisses in the centre af the nunatak are highly irregular in orient at ion, occupying the complex interseclion af closures af at least two major fold phases. A belt af amphibolitcs forms the cliff at the south-west tip af Majorqap alangua. Related rocks occur in arnphibolite facies in the acea around the lakc Qardlit taserssuat immediately to the soulh (Hall, 1978).

The Bantu Expansion and the SOAS Network

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 261-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Flight
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Line ◽  
The South ◽  
Irregular Boundary ◽  
African Languages ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Independent Families ◽  
The Many

One difference between linguists and other Africanists seemed to be that others were prepared to jettison one part of their training to help other disciplines, but linguists apparently would not. Was this so, and if so, why?The Bantu expansion has been a problem for historians ever since the recognition by linguists of a single startling fact. During the nineteenth century, the descriptions of African languages available to scholars in Europe grew steadily in number; they also tended to gain in detail, and in accuracy. It thus became increasingly clear that a sinuous line could be traced across the map distinguishing a zone of extremely high diversity in the north from a zone of low diversity in the south. By the 1880s a popularizing writer could claim that this contrast was generally recognized “by students of African languages.” The situation as he described it was that in the northern half of the continent there are bewildering multitudes of diverse tongues belonging to many independent families, and apparently irreducible to a common origin. Yet cross the irregular boundary-line which runs over the continent from 6° N. on the west coast to the Equator on the east coast … and what do we find? Why that the whole of the southern half of Africa, with the exception of the Masai and Galla intrusion in the north-east and the Hottentot enclave in the south-west, is the domain of a single homogeneous family of languages, … differing perhaps less among themselves than do the many offshoots of the Aryan stock.

Part II. The Grave Circle

1954 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace ◽  
F. H. Stubbings
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South Side ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Half ◽  
Made In

In 1950 and 1952, in view of recent discussions about the date of the Grave Circle, we decided to make some fresh soundings in its supporting wall to see if any fresh evidence could be obtained. In the first year the work was confined to soundings in the battered supporting wall on the south side opposite the north-east corner of the House of the Warrior Vase, and was undertaken by Mr. Kenneth Rowe. In 1952 further soundings were made in the battered supporting wall, the wall at its base on the west was further examined, and a sectional cut was made across the double ring of standing slabs on the north-east side about midway between the entrance and the then surviving cover slabs. The work was then directed by Dr. F. H. Stubbings.At the time of Schliemann's excavations the western part of the double ring of vertical poros slabs of the Grave Circle, which rests on the battered supporting wall, was in a very ruinous condition. This can be seen clearly in Schliemann's illustration and in the photographs published later. After the close of Schliemann's and Stamatakes' excavations the supporting wall was restored both on the west and on the south, and the western half of the double ring of standing slabs was reconstructed. When Keramopoullos excavated the fallen rock in the centre of the circle the Greek Archaeological Service undertook some further work of conservation.

The Shaugh Moor Project: First Report

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Wainwright ◽  
A. Fleming ◽  
K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
The South ◽  
Molten Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Mass ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
River Valleys

Viewed from the south Devon littoral with its series of good harbours the dark bulk of Dartmoor is clearly visible across the flat coastal plain. It is the largest of the five granite masses that provide a spine to the south-west English peninsula (Dartmoor, Bodmin Moor, Hensbarrow, Carnmenellis and Penwith) that were formed by the consolidation of molten material. The 500 square kilometres of the Moor form an undulating upland up to 600 m OD on the north-east side, where the greatest elevations occur. In the southern parts of the Moor the rolling tableland is 300 m to 420 m high—modern cultivation tends to cease at the 300 m contour, that is broken by numerous upland valleys and the eroded remains of tors. Today this expanse of moorland is bleak and treeless except in river valleys at the rim of the granite escarpment, although patches of contorted oak woodland survive at Piles' Wood on the River Erme, Wistman's Wood on the West Dart and Black Tor Beare on the West Okement. Pollen analyses have shown, however, that up to a height of about 360 m Dartmoor was probably covered by a deciduous forest dominated by oak that was gradually eroded by climatic trends and human activity (e.g. Simmons, 1969). It is from this central mass that the rivers of south Devon diverge. The wide upland valleys of the Tavy, Plym, Yealm, Erme, Avon and Dart plunge through characteristic deep wooded gorges near the southern granite escarpment into the South Hams and around this border modern settlement—numerous villages and a few towns are situated.

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