Influence of the Boriding Process on the Properties and the Structure of the Steel S265 and the Steel X6CrNiTi18-10

Boride layers are typically used to combat the wear and corrosion of metals. For this reason, to improve our knowledge of the boriding process, this research studied the effect of the size of the treated material on the kinetics of the growth of the boride layers obtained during a solid diffusion process. The purpose was to elucidate how the layers’ growth kinetics could be affected by the size of the samples since, as the amount of matter increases, the amount of energy necessary to make the process occur also increases. Furthermore, the level of activation energy seems to change as a function of the sample size, although it is considered an intrinsic parameter of each material. Six cylindrical samples with different diameters were exposed to the boriding process for three different exposure times (1.5, 3, and 5 h). The treatment temperatures used were 900, 950, and 1000 °C for each size and duration of treatment. The results show that the layer thickness increased not only as a function of the treatment conditions but also as a function of the sample diameter. The influence of the sample size on the growth kinetics of the boride layers is clear, because the growth rate increased even though the treatment conditions (time and temperature) remained constant.

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Wear Behavior of Borided Cold-Rolled High Manganese Steel

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11101207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1207

Author(s):

Fatih Hayat ◽

Cihangir Tevfik Sezgin

Keyword(s):

Wear Behavior ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Boride Layer ◽

Manganese Steel ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Low Alloy Steels ◽

Boron Diffusion ◽

High Manganese ◽

High Manganese Steel ◽

Boriding Process

In this study, a novel high-manganese steel (HMS) was borided at 850, 900 and 950 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h by the pack boriding process. Contrary to previous literature, borided HMS uncommonly exhibited saw-tooth morphology like low alloy steels, and manganese enhanced the boron diffusion. Another striking analysis is that the “egg-shell effect” did not occur. The present study demonstrated the silicon-rich zone for the first time in the literature by EDX mapping. Moreover, the formation mechanism of silicon-rich zones was explained and termed as “compact transfer of silicones (CTS)”. XRD analysis showed the existence of FeB, Fe2B, MnB and SiC phases. The boriding time and temperature increased the thickness of the boride layer from 31.41 μm to 117.65 µm. The hardness of the borided layer ranged from 1120 to 1915 HV0.05. The activation energy of borided HMS was found to be a very low result compared to high alloy steel investigated in the literature. The Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C adhesion test showed that adhesions of borided HMS surfaces are sufficient. The dry sliding wear tests showed that boriding treatment increased the wear resistance of untreated HMS by 5 times. The present study revealed that the boriding process extended the service life of HMS components.

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Formation of boride layers on a commercially pure Ti surface produced via powder metallurgy

International Journal of Materials Research (formerly Zeitschrift fuer Metallkunde) ◽

10.1515/ijmr-2020-8163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 303-307

Author(s):

Yavuz Kaplan ◽

Mehmet Gülsün ◽

Sinan Aksöz

Keyword(s):

Powder Metallurgy ◽

Substrate Surface ◽

High Hardness ◽

Titanium Boride ◽

Boride Layer ◽

Powder Metallurgy Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Boriding Process

Abstract In this study, powder metallurgy was applied in a furnace atmosphere to form titanium boride layers on a commercially pure Ti surface. Experiments were carried out using the solid-state boriding method at 900 °C and 1000°C for 12 h and 24 h. Samples were produced by pressing the commercially pure Ti powders under 870 MPa. The sintering process required by the powder metallurgy method was carried out simultaneously with the boriding process. Thus, the sintering and boriding were performed in one stage. The formation of the boride layer was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, optical-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental dispersion spectrometry analyses. In addition, microhardness measurements were performed to examine the effect of the boriding process on hardness. The Vickers microhardness of the boronized surface reached 1773 HV, which was much higher than the 150 HV hardness of the commercially pure Ti substrate. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the boriding process had enabled the formation of TiB and TiB2 on the powder metallurgy Ti substrate surface. Consequently, the production of Ti via powder metallurgy is a potentially cost-effective alternative to the conventional method, and the boriding process supplies TiB and TiB2 that provide super-high hardness and excellent wear and corrosion resistance.

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Characterization of Coatings Obtained by Dehydrated Paste-Pack Boriding Process Formed on AISI A36 Carbon and 304 Alloy Steels

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s143192761901273x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (S2) ◽

pp. 2400-2401 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Ortiz-Domínguez ◽

I. Morgado-González ◽

A. Cruz-Avilés ◽

A. Soto-García ◽

R. Trujillo-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alloy Steels ◽

Boriding Process

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Mechanical characterization of the AISI 316L alloy exposed to boriding process

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v87n213.82924 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (213) ◽

pp. 34-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ricardo Andrés García-León ◽

Jose Martinez-Trinidad ◽

Ivan Campos-Silva ◽

Wilbert Wong-Angel

Keyword(s):

Sliding Wear ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Indentation Test ◽

Boride Layer ◽

Aisi 316L ◽

Low Carbon ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Boriding Process ◽

Wear Tests

In this study, the powder-pack boriding process on low-carbon stainless steel was carried out at 1273 K for 4 h of exposure to obtain a layer around ~57 μm conformed by FeB, Fe2B, and others alloying elements. Firstly, the presence of iron borides formed on the surface of borided AISI 316L alloy was confirmed by optical microscopy combined with the X-ray diffraction analysis. After, the sensed Vickers indentation test was performed on the iron boride layer to estimate the behavior of hardness and Young’s modulus. Sliding wear tests on the borided AISI 316L alloy were performed according to the ASTM G133-05 standard procedure, with the following conditions: distances of 50 and 150 m, normal loads of 5 and 20 N, and a sliding speed of 30 mm/s. Finally, the results showed that the presence of FeB-Fe2B improves the resistance to wear around 41 times compared to the untreated material.

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Mechanical Behavior of Iron Boride Formed in the Surface of an AISI W2

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.365.142 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 365 ◽

pp. 142-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. de la Mora-Ramírez ◽

D. Sánchez Huerta ◽

N. López-Perrusquia ◽

M.A. Doñu Ruiz ◽

E.A. Cerrillo-Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

Boride Layer ◽

Test Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Iron Boride ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Steel Aisi ◽

Constant Distance ◽

Boriding Process

The present study reports the growth of layers formed in the surface of the boride steel AISI W2; by the application of the dehydrated paste-pack boriding process and using three different temperatures at 1173, 1223 and 1273 K, with 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of exposure. The substrate and the boride Fe2B were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The growth of the boride layer Fe2B was examined using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties were mechanically evaluated, using a Vickers indenter with loads of 0.5 and 1 N, with a constant distance of 15 μm and 30 μm. To determine the fracture toughness (Kc) and the adherence of the boride layer Fe2B, the Rockwell C test method (VDI 3198) was used. The morphology present in the boride Fe2B layer showed a smooth flat, whit ranged thickness from 13.96 ± 1.61 μm to 79.86 ± 4.13 μm. The presence of boride Fe2B layers of steel substrate was confirmed by XRD and the distribution of alloying elements by Energy Disperses for Spectroscopy (EDS). The hardness of the boride layers Fe2B ranged from 157 9± 17 to 1875 ± 25 HV. The fracture toughness of boride Fe2B layer observed ranged from 4.15 to 4.75 MPam1/2. The boride layer has a scale delamination H3 to H6. The boride layers formed in the surface have the function to increase the service life of W2 steels used in the industry.

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Fracture Indentation on AISI 1018 Borided Steels

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.449.9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 449 ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivan Campos-Silva ◽

M. Ortíz-Domínguez ◽

E. Hernández-Sánchez ◽

D. Bravo-Bárcenas ◽

O. Bravo-Bárcenas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Boride Layer ◽

Crack Model ◽

Iron Boride ◽

Fracture Testing ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

Two Temperatures ◽

Boriding Process ◽

Palmqvist Crack

Fracture indentation was applied to estimate the fracture toughness of AISI 1018 borided steels. The Fe2B hard layers were formed using the powder-pack boriding process for two temperatures with 4 and 8 h of exposure times. The fracture toughness of the iron boride layer of the AISI 1018 borided steels was estimated using a Vickers microindentation induced-fracture testing at distances of 15 and 30 m from the surface, applying four loads (0.49, 0.98, 1.96 and 2.9 N). The microcracks generated at the corners of the Vickers microindentation were considered as experimental parameters, which are introduced in a Palmqvist crack model to determine their corresponding fracture toughness KC. As a result, the experimental parameters, such as exposure time and boriding temperature are compared with the resulting fracture toughness of the borided phase.

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Study on Rare Earth Catalysis in the Boriding Process to Titanium Alloy

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.1177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48-49 ◽

pp. 1177-1181

Author(s):

Feng Hua Li ◽

Xiao Hong Yi ◽

Jing Lei Zhang ◽

Zhan Guo Fan

Keyword(s):

Titanium Alloy ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Phase Composition ◽

Diffusion Layer ◽

Alloy Surface ◽

Tc4 Titanium Alloy ◽

Boriding Process

Solid powder boriding experiment was carried out on TC4 titanium alloy surface with method of RE(rare earth)-boriding at the temperature of over 1000°C. By means of XRD, SEM and EDS, phase composition, microstructure and morphology of TC4 titanium alloy after RE-boriding were investigated. The effect of rare earth on phase composition was discussed. Results of the experiment showed that the diffusion layer was composed of top-layer TiB2 and sub-layer TiB whiskers with the highest thickness being 25μm. The XRD results revealed TiB-TiB2 biphasic B-Ti compounds layer formed on the surface of TC4 after RE-boriding. The high content of B and Ce in the surface layer showed rare earth increased the absorption and concentration of B atoms.

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