Mechanical Behavior of Iron Boride Formed in the Surface of an AISI W2

2015 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. de la Mora-Ramírez ◽  
D. Sánchez Huerta ◽  
N. López-Perrusquia ◽  
M.A. Doñu Ruiz ◽  
E.A. Cerrillo-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Test Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Boride ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
Boriding Process

The present study reports the growth of layers formed in the surface of the boride steel AISI W2; by the application of the dehydrated paste-pack boriding process and using three different temperatures at 1173, 1223 and 1273 K, with 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of exposure. The substrate and the boride Fe2B were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The growth of the boride layer Fe2B was examined using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties were mechanically evaluated, using a Vickers indenter with loads of 0.5 and 1 N, with a constant distance of 15 μm and 30 μm. To determine the fracture toughness (Kc) and the adherence of the boride layer Fe2B, the Rockwell C test method (VDI 3198) was used. The morphology present in the boride Fe2B layer showed a smooth flat, whit ranged thickness from 13.96 ± 1.61 μm to 79.86 ± 4.13 μm. The presence of boride Fe2B layers of steel substrate was confirmed by XRD and the distribution of alloying elements by Energy Disperses for Spectroscopy (EDS). The hardness of the boride layers Fe2B ranged from 157 9± 17 to 1875 ± 25 HV. The fracture toughness of boride Fe2B layer observed ranged from 4.15 to 4.75 MPam1/2. The boride layer has a scale delamination H3 to H6. The boride layers formed in the surface have the function to increase the service life of W2 steels used in the industry.

Fracture Indentation on AISI 1018 Borided Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 449 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Campos-Silva ◽  
M. Ortíz-Domínguez ◽  
E. Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
D. Bravo-Bárcenas ◽  
O. Bravo-Bárcenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Iron Boride ◽  
Fracture Testing ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
Palmqvist Crack

Fracture indentation was applied to estimate the fracture toughness of AISI 1018 borided steels. The Fe2B hard layers were formed using the powder-pack boriding process for two temperatures with 4 and 8 h of exposure times. The fracture toughness of the iron boride layer of the AISI 1018 borided steels was estimated using a Vickers microindentation induced-fracture testing at distances of 15 and 30 m from the surface, applying four loads (0.49, 0.98, 1.96 and 2.9 N). The microcracks generated at the corners of the Vickers microindentation were considered as experimental parameters, which are introduced in a Palmqvist crack model to determine their corresponding fracture toughness KC. As a result, the experimental parameters, such as exposure time and boriding temperature are compared with the resulting fracture toughness of the borided phase.

Effect of Hard Coatings on Surface Gray Iron on Fracture Toughness

2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.D. Rosado Cruz ◽  
Marco Antonio Doñu-Ruíz ◽  
N. López Perrusquia ◽  
V.J. Cortés Suárez ◽  
C.R. Torres San Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
Gray Cast Irons

The characterization and fracture toughness with hard coatings formed at the surface of gray cast irons class 30 is evaluated in the present study. The formation of hard coatings was obtained out means of the pack boriding process; the treatment was carried out at temperatures of 1173 and 1223 K during 6 hours. The layers were evaluated by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and microindentation across the thickness of the iron boride layer. Three-point bending tests are carried out to examine the fracture toughness of gray cast irons boriding according to the ASTM 399 standard. Consequently, the stress intensity factor was evaluated by means of the finite element method (FEM) using the package ANSYS 11. 0 creating a two-dimensional model with elements of singularity around the tip crack. The results were compared with the experiments and have been found to be in good correlation.

Fracture Toughness of Iron Boride Layers Obtained by Paste Boriding Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ramírez ◽  
Ivan Campos-Silva ◽  
Alexander S. Balankin
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Critical Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Iron Boride ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
Fe2b Phase ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
1045 Steel

The fracture toughness of the Fe2B phase was evaluated in this study. Formation of the Fe2B boride is carried out though paste boriding process applied on AISI 1045 steel surface. The treatment was carried out at temperatures of 1193, 1223 and 1273 K for 6 h using a 5 mm thick boron paste. A Vickers microhardness tester was used to generate microcracks at a load of 200g. The indentations were made across the thickness of the iron boride layer at four different distances from the substrate. The experimental results show that the critical stress intensity factor KIC for the Fe2B phase shows a potential law dependence on crack length; this contradicts the concepts of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, which establish that the fracture toughness value is a constant of the material.

Formation of Hard Layers in Tool Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2059-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lopez-Perrusquia ◽  
M. A. Doñu-Ruiz ◽  
S. Rodríguez-González ◽  
D. L. Rosado Cruz ◽  
Frumencio Vasquez-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
Palmqvist Crack

In the present study, identify the fracture toughness and strength adhesion of borided layers on grade tools steels by Boronizing, two commonly used steel AISI 4140 and AISI 9840 are considered, the steels contain 1.0 - 0.8 wt% Cr and 0.20 - 0.25 wt% Mo, respectively. The formation of the borided layers was carried out by the powder pack boriding process at a temperature range of 1273 K for 4, 6 and 8 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed peak of FeB, Fe2B and CrB, the Fracture toughness of the layers is estimated at 15 and 30 um from surface using four different Vickers indentation loads, using Palmqvist crack model, the adherence of the layer/substrate was evaluate in qualitative form though the Rockwell C. The fracture toughness of the borides depends strongly on temperature and time bronzing. Also, good adhesion is obtained around the Rockwell C indentation prints on the borided layer-substrate-interface.

Formation of boride layers on a commercially pure Ti surface produced via powder metallurgy

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Yavuz Kaplan ◽  
Mehmet Gülsün ◽  
Sinan Aksöz
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Titanium Boride ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Boriding Process

Abstract In this study, powder metallurgy was applied in a furnace atmosphere to form titanium boride layers on a commercially pure Ti surface. Experiments were carried out using the solid-state boriding method at 900 °C and 1000°C for 12 h and 24 h. Samples were produced by pressing the commercially pure Ti powders under 870 MPa. The sintering process required by the powder metallurgy method was carried out simultaneously with the boriding process. Thus, the sintering and boriding were performed in one stage. The formation of the boride layer was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, optical-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental dispersion spectrometry analyses. In addition, microhardness measurements were performed to examine the effect of the boriding process on hardness. The Vickers microhardness of the boronized surface reached 1773 HV, which was much higher than the 150 HV hardness of the commercially pure Ti substrate. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the boriding process had enabled the formation of TiB and TiB2 on the powder metallurgy Ti substrate surface. Consequently, the production of Ti via powder metallurgy is a potentially cost-effective alternative to the conventional method, and the boriding process supplies TiB and TiB2 that provide super-high hardness and excellent wear and corrosion resistance.

scholarly journals Mechanical characterization of the AISI 316L alloy exposed to boriding process

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (213) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andrés García-León ◽  
Jose Martinez-Trinidad ◽  
Ivan Campos-Silva ◽  
Wilbert Wong-Angel
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
Wear Tests

In this study, the powder-pack boriding process on low-carbon stainless steel was carried out at 1273 K for 4 h of exposure to obtain a layer around ~57 μm conformed by FeB, Fe2B, and others alloying elements. Firstly, the presence of iron borides formed on the surface of borided AISI 316L alloy was confirmed by optical microscopy combined with the X-ray diffraction analysis. After, the sensed Vickers indentation test was performed on the iron boride layer to estimate the behavior of hardness and Young’s modulus. Sliding wear tests on the borided AISI 316L alloy were performed according to the ASTM G133-05 standard procedure, with the following conditions: distances of 50 and 150 m, normal loads of 5 and 20 N, and a sliding speed of 30 mm/s. Finally, the results showed that the presence of FeB-Fe2B improves the resistance to wear around 41 times compared to the untreated material.

Properties of Boride Layer on Boridesae 1035 Steel by Molten Salt

2013 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaeddine Kaouka ◽  
Omar Allaoui ◽  
Mourad Keddam
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Process Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Parabolic Relationship ◽  
Borided Steel

Properties of borided SAE 1035 steel have been investigated during boriding treatment, which was carried out in slurry salt bath at temperature range from1073 to 1273K for 2, 4 and 8 h. The presence of both FeB and Fe2B phases formed on the surface of steel substrate was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy examinations showed that boride layers have saw-tooth and columnar morphology. It has been shown that the thickness of boride layers increased when the time and temperature process increased, its value ranged from 20 to 387 μm. The hardness value of the boride layer was about 1760±200 HV0.1, while the hardness of un-borided steel was about 225±20 HV0.1. The kinetic studies showed a parabolic relationship between layer thickness and process time. Depending on temperature and layer thickness.

scholarly journals Modeling of the Growth Kinetics of Boride Layers in Powder-Pack Borided ASTM A36 Steel Based on Two Different Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ortiz-Domínguez ◽  
O. A. Gómez-Vargas ◽  
G. Ares de Parga ◽  
G. Torres-Santiago ◽  
R. Velázquez-Mancilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
A36 Steel ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Indispensable Tool

An indispensable tool to choose the suitable process parameters for obtaining boride layer of an adequate thickness is the modeling of the boriding kinetics. In this work, two mathematical approaches were used in order to determine the value of activation energy in the Fe2B layers on ASTM A36 steel during the iron powder-pack boriding in the temperature range of 1123–1273 K for treatment times between 2 and 8 h. The first approach was based on the mass balance equation at the interface (Fe2B/substrate) and the solution of Fick’s second law under steady state (without time dependent). The second approach was based on the same mathematical principles as the first approach for one-dimensional analysis under non-steady-state condition. The measurements of the thickness (Fe2B), for different temperatures of boriding, were used for calculations. As a result, the boron activation energy for the ASTM A36 steel was estimated as 161 kJ·mol−1. This value of energy was compared between both models and with other literature data. The Fe2B layers grown on ASTM A36 steel were characterized by use of the following experimental techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, the experimental value of Fe2B layer’s thickness obtained at 1123 K with an exposure time of 2.5 h was compared with the predicted thicknesses by using these two approaches. A good concordance was achieved between the experimental data and the simulated results.

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Ni Films on 430 Stainless Steel Substrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-861
Author(s):  
Yong Pan ◽  
Junwei Cui ◽  
Weixin Lei ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Zengsheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Texture Orientation

AbstractEffects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ni films on 430 stainless steel substrate were investigated. The Ni films were annealed at heat treatment temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 800 °C for 2 h. The surface morphology, composition, and texture orientation of Ni films were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The load–indentation depth curves of Ni films before and after heat treatment were measured by using nanoindentation method. In conjunction with finite element modeling and dimensional analysis, the stress–strain relationships of Ni films on 430 stainless steel substrate at different temperatures are successfully obtained by using a power-law hardening model.

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