Tashkent, Bukhara and Khorezm republics, epidemics, and fight against them

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karomov G’. Kh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Malaria Epidemic ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
First World

The article concludes that the outbreak of epidemics is a major factor in the poor living conditions of the population. In human history, epidemics are a real catastrophe for the population, which is based on the fact that wars, natural conditions, coastal and famine-stricken factors are its companions. History tells about the "Justinianova chuma" spread throughout the Eastern Roman Empire, the "Black Death" epidemic in Europe, and the Spanish flu after the First World War. The population of Central Asia has been suffering from epidemics since ancient times due to hot climatic conditions and other factors. Turkistan is one of the main sources of the cholera and malaria epidemic, and in 1881 it was mentioned in New Marghilan and in 1898 in Tashkent. Health care in Turkestan, Bukhara and Khorezm is accompanied by sanitary and epidemic work, but the difficult historical conditions, particularly political, socioeconomic problems, poor living conditions and civil war. It is also noted that droughts caused by natural disasters and, as a consequence, famine have spread epidemics. Frequent medical and sanitary measures to fight epidemics sociation units. The Turkestan ASSR Public Health Commission operated the Department of Medical Education and Sanitation, and the staff of the department was propagandizing the fight against the epidemic. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that in each state, the most important factor in preventing epidemics is to improve living conditions and to increase public health education.

scholarly journals Pandemic Avant-Garde Urban Coexistence in Mário de Andrade’s Pauliceia Desvairada (1922) after the Spanish Flu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Klengel
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
First World

The radical aesthetic of the historical avant-garde movements has often been explained as a reaction to the catastrophic experience of the First World War and a denouncement of the bourgeoisie’s responsibility for its horrors. This article explores a blind spot in these familiar interpretations of the international avant-garde. Not only the violence of the World War but also the experience of a worldwide deadly pandemic, the Spanish flu, have moulded the literary and artistic production of the 1920s. In this paper, I explore this hypothesis through the example of Mário de Andrade’s famous book of poetry Pauliceia desvairada (1922), which I reinterpret in the light of historical studies on the Spanish flu in São Paulo. An in-depth examination of all parts of this important early opus of the Brazilian Modernism shows that Mário de Andrade’s poetic images of urban coexistence simultaneously aim at a radical renewal of language and at a melancholic coming to terms with a traumatic pandemic past.

Controlling Norwegian natural ice imports into the fishing port of Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1870-1910

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
Effie Dorovitsa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
First World

From the 1870s until roughly the outbreak of the First World War, cargoes of Norwegian ice were shipped to numerous French ports. The ice was crucial for the smooth operation of many industries, especially those in the alimentation sector. The Northern French port of Boulogne-sur-Mer, with its thriving fishing industry, became one of the main entry points for imported Norwegian natural ice blocks. This Research Note is based on the holdings of Boulogne Municipal Archives and the Departmental Archives of the Pas de Calais region. It highlights the significant role that Norwegian ice imports could play in a port whose economy was largely based on the fisheries. It further reveals how concerns about the hygienic quality of natural ice dictated a series of regulations aimed at safeguarding public health in nineteenth-century France, and how these measures were introduced and tackled in Boulogne-sur-Mer. With a regulatory framework that strictly controlled inflows of Norwegian ice into French ports, a few Boulonnaise hygiene officials had to step in to protect the interests of the local fishing industry.

scholarly journals Spanish Flu and the End of World War I in Southern Iranfrom 1917–1920

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Seyyed Alireza Golshani ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Zohalinezhad ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Taghrir ◽  
Sedigheh Ghasempoor ◽  
Alireza Salehi
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
First World

The Spanish Flu was one of the disasters in the history of Iran, especially Southern Iran, which led to the death of a significant number of people in Iran. It started on October 29, 1917, and lasted till 1920 – a disaster that we can claim changed the history. In one of the First World War battlefields in southern Iran in 1918, there was nothing left until the end of World War I and when the battle between Iranian warriors (especially people of Dashtestan and Tangestan in Bushehr, Arabs, and people of Bakhtiari in Khuzestan and people of Kazerun and Qashqai in Fars) and British forces had reached its peak. As each second encouraged the triumph for the Iranians, a flu outbreak among Iranian warriors led to many deaths and, as a result, military withdrawal. The flu outbreak in Kazerun, Firoozabad, Farshband, Abadeh, and even in Shiraz changed the end of the war. In this article, we attempt to discuss the role of the Spanish flu outbreak at the end of one of the forefronts of World War I.

scholarly journals ”Tusinder af vingeskudte Trækfugle”. Soldatergrave og dansk-franske erindringssteder 1915-1925 ca.

Kulturstudier ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning De Coninck-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
First World

<p>Thousands of Wing-Shot Migratory Birds. Soldier Graves and Danish-French Places of Remembrance Approx. 1915-1925</p><p><br />During the months following the end of the First World War in November 1918, some 100,000 prisoners of war passed through Denmark on their way home from the camps on the Eastern Front. Some did not make it all the way, but died from exhaustion and the Spanish flu during their stay in Denmark. The present article deals with the part that these dead soldiers came to play in the formation of a remembrance culture in a country which had not itself taken part in the war. More specifically, it deals with the monuments which a small group of nationally-conservative men and women with ties to the armed forces and the social elite erected between 1919 and 1925 in remembrance of the dead French soldiers. To their minds, France had been the sole serious ally in the struggle for the return of North Schleswig to Denmark. For that reason, they were also behind two monuments in France to commemorate the fallen Danish-minded Schleswigers and the fallen Danes of the French Foreign Legion. Their national-conservative engagement<br />and criticism of the policy of neutrality pursued during the war by the Danish government largely determined the creation and the form of the cemeteries.</p>

scholarly journals A War Against Disease and Despair: Immigrants, Nurses, Soldiers, and the Transformation of Patient Care on Ellis Island During World War I

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-208
Author(s):  
Ryan Radice
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World War I ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ellis Island ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Military Members ◽  
First World

Located on what is today New Jersey soil, the hospital facilities on Ellis Island, run by the Public Health Service (PHS) to treat immigrant patients, were a medical marvel of their time. While known primarily for its use as an immigration facility, Ellis Island went through several major changes from the time war was declared in Europe in 1914, to the time that the last military members left the Island in 1919. During the First World War, Ellis Island and its associated hospital facilities would be the victims of German terrorism, a mobilization point for thousands of Red Cross nurses bound for the frontlines, and a debarkation hospital that was the first stop home for countless sick and wounded soldiers returning from the battlefield. This paper examines how the PHS, the Red Cross, and the Army Medical Corps tried to protect public health, screen immigrants for disease, and care for our military casualties, all under the tension and strain of a world war and a global pandemic.

Das Projektionsplanetarium als hyperreales Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Hans-Christian von Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Fand Sich ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World ◽  
The Universe

"In den Jahren nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurde im Jenaer Zeiss-Werk im Auftrag des Deutschen Museums in München das Projektionsplanetarium als immersives Modell des Universums entwickelt. In ihm hallte eine lange Geschichte von Himmelsgloben, Armillarsphären, Astrolabien und mechanischen Planetarien nach, die seit der Antike als astronomische Demonstrationsobjekte gedient hatten. Erstmals aber fand sich diese Aufgabe nun mit einer Simulation des raum-zeitlichen In-der-Welt-Seins des Menschen verbunden. In the years following the First World War, commissioned by the German Museum in Munich, the projection planetarium was developed as an immersive model of the universe at the Zeiss plant in Jena. In it, a long history of celestial globes, armillary spheres, astrolabes, and mechanical planetaria resonated, which had served as astronomical demonstration objects since ancient times. For the first time, however, this task was associated with a simulation of man’s spaciotemporal being-in-the-world. "

Death of Miss Lucie Odier

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (244) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Visiting Nurses ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
First World

On 6 December the ICRC was grieved to lose one of its longestserving members, Miss Lucie Odier, in her 99th year.Born in Geneva, Miss Odier obtained her nursing diploma in 1914; she thereafter unceasingly did credit to her profession, particularly by devoting herself to the care of military internees and civilian refugees in Switzerland during the First World War (1914–1918) and later to victims of the pandemic Spanish flu. In 1920 she was assigned to direct the Geneva Red Cross social hygiene dispensary and its visiting nurses service. Her exceptional work and modesty were recognized by all.

From model factory to modern factory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Chance
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
World War ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Chocolate Factory ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
First World

Initiatives to make gardens and parks at factories were a part of the wider public health and urban planning reforms taking place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In landscaping their factories and providing recreation space, industrialists contributed significantly to driving forward and funding environmental reform, although being privately owned and managed, they were subject to specific design considerations and rules of use. The First World War and its aftermath catalysed the importance of healthy and high-quality environments to industrial stability and progress, and the ‘Factory Garden Movement’ accelerated in the 1920s, inspired by a need to attract and to satisfy a more independent and demanding workforce. The key case studies are the Cadbury Chocolate factory in Bournville, UK; the National Cash Register Company factory, ‘The Cash’, in Dayton, Ohio, USA and Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets, companies that had factories in both nations.

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