scholarly journals La Doctrina de la Creación del Mundo en Algazel / The Doctrine of the Creation of the World in Algazel

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Idoia MAIZA OZCOIDI

Algazel considered dangerous the doctrine of the eternity of the world such as it was defended by the philosopheres, as well as harmfull for the islamic religion and even the drowning of the Islam. That is why he refuted it to a great extent in his book Tahâfut al-falâsifa. In his opinion the idea of an eternal creation is both absurd and contradictory.His Tahâfut gathers as many arguments as he could find to prove that God created the world along the time and that the philosophers denied in fact the divine creation. This proof does not take place in the Tahâfut, where the persian theologe just insists on the meakness of the proof of the philosophers and the inconsistency thereof. He does it in others works such as the Ihyâ, where he proves the existence of God by the creation of the world along the time. This is the endavour of the present article, which intends to bring us near his true doctrine about the origin of the world. At the same time, the persian theologue does not neglect the fierce criticisme to the statement of the philosophers about an eternal world.

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen E. Goodman

One achievement of the philosophy represented by Ghazâlî is disentangling the creation argument for the existence of God from rival forms of design argument which allow or assume the eternity of the world. From its earliest expressions as an isolated insight which might easily be explained away as myth, the notion that the universe had been brought to be out of what is not was gradually tranformed under pressure of severe Aristottelian criticism into a precise concept, and the argument implicit in such a notion metamorphosed into an elegant and sophisticated demonstration. Backed up by the closely reasoned philosophy of being into which it was now integrated, the argument from creation might confidently hope to be proof against attack.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Fatma Aygün

<p align="center"><strong>The Argument of “al-Fitrah” to Prove The Existence of God</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Accordingto al-Maturidi</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract  </strong></p><p>Al-Maturidi is one of the foremost and most important thinkers in the history of Islamic thought. So that Al-Maturidi (333/944) is the most powerful figure in Abu Khanife School and has the biggest share in the establishment of Followers of Sunnah kalam. The aim of this study is to interpret the concept of "al-fitrah", "fitratallah" (nature) and to investigate the possibility of rational knowing the existence of God with an intrinsic element of human (al-fitrah) according to the thinking of Al-Maturidi.</p><p>The whole characteristics of all creatures, especially human being, brought by the genesis called “nature”(al-fitrah). The concept of al-fitrah contains all of beings in the world; accordingly, al-fitrah symbolizes creation of human. Humans are endowed with many biological, mental and spiritual abilities by born, not a result of work. Man also has innate moral-religious abilities that one of them is “nature/fitrah”. As a common agreement among psychologists and psychologists of religion, human is a believer as well as a thinker. This feature of believing comes from his nature. In the same way, Al-Maturidi believed that human have some dispositions from the birth. According to Al-Maturidi, creation is the consciousness of existence and uniqueness of God that is temperamental in all human beings. This feature of believing is inherent but the framework of this ability has not been determined yet. According to Al-Maturidi, God provides human a several inner qualities such as reason/aql, senses and feelings. These inner supports are actually facilities for human. With reference to the idea that the human is a cognizant (rational) creature, Al-Maturidi argues that he has reasonable and fair reasons for believing in a Creator; and he also uses the evidences such as “disposition" (skills coming with creation) that he links with the term nature (Khilkah). Talkingabout the fitrah of human is talking to the meaning and purpose the existence of human. Meaningfulness and purposefulness is the first law of the creation. Nature and dispositions, skills of human would indicate that there is a meaning and purpose, and hence points to the existence of God. In short, this article explores arguments of Maturidi regarding his opinions on knowing the existence of God by the fitrat/nature. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Allah'ın Varlığı'nı Aklen Bilmeye İlişkin Mâtürîdî'nin Fıtrat Delili </strong></p><p><strong>                                    (Hilkât Delili)</strong></p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>İslâm düşünce tarihinde yer alan etkili düşünürlerden biri de Mâtürîdî'dir. Öyle ki Mâtürîdî (333/944), Ebû Hanîfe geleneğinin en güçlü simasıdır ve  Ehl-i Sünnet kelâmının kuruluşunda en büyük paya sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise Mâtürîdî'nin düşünce dünyasında göze çarpan fıtrat ve fıtratullah kavramlarını açıklamak ve insanın kendisine ait aslî bir özelliği yani fıtrat ile Allah'ın varlığını aklen bilmenin imkânını araştırmaktır.</p><p>Başta insan olmak üzere, tüm varlıkların yaratılıştan sahip oldukları özelliklerin tamamına “fıtrat” denmektedir. Fıtrat insanın yaratılış biçimini sembolize etmektedir, dünyadaki bütün canlılar fıtrî denilen bir yapıya göre yaratılmıştır. İnsan birçok biyolojik, aklî, ruhî donanım ve yeteneklere doğuştan sahip olduğu, onları sonradan kazanmadığı bilinir. Yani insanın doğuştan sahip olduğu ahlakî-dinî yetenekleri bulunmaktadır ki bunlardan biri de “fıtrat”tır. Psikolog ve din psikologlarının ortak kabulüne göre insan düşünen varlık olduğu kadar inanan da bir varlıktır; onda inanma özelliği yaratılış yani verili olan yapısal donanım/kâbiliyet gereğidir. İşte Mâtürîdî doğuştan getirilen yeti ve yeteneklerin varlığını kabul etmiş, Allah'ın insanı akıl, duyu ve duygular gibi gelişmeye müsait bir takım içsel özelliklerle donatarak yarattığını savunmuştur. Bu iç destekler aslında insana tanınan imkânlar şeklinde anlaşılabilir. Mâtürîdî, insanın bilen (rasyonel) bir varlık oluşundan hareketle Yaratıcı'nın varlığına inanmasının haklı ve mâkul sebeplere dayandığını belirtmiş, hilkât terimiyle ilişkilendirdiği "fıtrat" (yaratılıştan doğruyu bulmaya elverişli kâbiliyetler) delilini kullanmıştır. Esasen insanın fıtratından bahsetmek, insanın varlığının anlam ve amacından söz etmektir, anlamlılık ve amaçlılık yaratılışın ilk yasası değerindedir. İnsanın doğası, eğilimleri, kâbiliyetleri anlam ve amacın varlığına ve dolayısıyla Allah'ın varlığına işaret etmektedir. İşte bu makalede fıtrat delilini kullanan Mâtürîdî'nin Allah'ın varlığını bilmeye yönelik ortaya koymuş olduğu argümanlar ele alınmış ve tartışılmıştır.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
Rinat A. Nabiev ◽  
Rustam Sh. Bikiteev

The number of muslims in the world increases rapidly. The Islamic religion sees the Holy Qur’an and Sunna are major regulators of the individual’s life. The present article deals with the phenomenon of finances as seen through the regulations found in the Holy Scriptures of Islam.


Author(s):  
Roberto D. Hernández

This article addresses the meaning and significance of the “world revolution of 1968,” as well as the historiography of 1968. I critically interrogate how the production of a narrative about 1968 and the creation of ethnic studies, despite its world-historic significance, has tended to perpetuate a limiting, essentialized and static notion of “the student” as the primary actor and an inherent agent of change. Although students did play an enormous role in the events leading up to, through, and after 1968 in various parts of the world—and I in no way wish to diminish this fact—this article nonetheless argues that the now hegemonic narrative of a student-led revolt has also had a number of negative consequences, two of which will be the focus here. One problem is that the generation-driven models that situate 1968 as a revolt of the young students versus a presumably older generation, embodied by both their parents and the dominant institutions of the time, are in effect a sociosymbolic reproduction of modernity/coloniality’s logic or driving impulse and obsession with newness. Hence an a priori valuation is assigned to the new, embodied in this case by the student, at the expense of the presumably outmoded old. Secondly, this apparent essentializing of “the student” has entrapped ethnic studies scholars, and many of the period’s activists (some of whom had been students themselves), into said logic, thereby risking the foreclosure of a politics beyond (re)enchantment or even obsession with newness yet again.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ra`no Ergashova ◽  
◽  
Nilufar Yuldosheva

The creation, regulation, lexical and grammatical research and interpretation of the system of terms in the field of aviation in the world linguistics terminology system are one of the specific directions of terminology. Research on specific features is an important factor in ensuring the development of the industry. This article discusses morphological structure of aviation terms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of aviation terms in the morphology of the Uzbek language and its definition.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Khurshida Salimovna Safarova ◽  
Shakhnoza Islomovna Vosiyeva

Every great fiction book is a book that portrays the uniqueness of the universe and man, the difficulty of breaking that bond, or the weakening of its bond and the increase in human. The creation of such a book is beyond the reach of all creators, and not all works can illuminate the cultural, spiritual and moral status of any nation in the world by unraveling the underlying foundations of humanity. With the birth of Hoja Ahmad Yassawi's “Devoni Hikmat”, the Turkic nations were recognized as a nation with its own book of teaching, literally, the encyclopedia of enlightenment, truth and spirituality.


2013 ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Piotr Sadkowski

Throughout the centuries French and Francophone writers were relatively rarely inspired by the figure of Moses and the story of Exodus. However, since the second half of 20th c. the interest of the writers in this Old Testament story has been on the rise: by rewriting it they examine the question of identity dilemmas of contemporary men. One of the examples of this trend is Moïse Fiction, the 2001 novel by the French writer of Jewish origin, Gilles Rozier, analysed in the present article. The hypertextual techniques, which result in the proximisation of the figure of Moses to the reality of the contemporary reader, constitute literary profanation, but at the same time help place Rozier’s text in the Jewish tradition, in the spirit of talmudism understood as an exchange of views, commentaries, versions and additions related to the Torah. It is how the novel, a new “midrash”, avoids the simple antinomy of the concepts of the sacred and the profane. Rozier’s Moses, conscious of his complex identity, is simultaneously a Jew and an Egyptian, and faces, like many contemporary Jewish writers, language dilemmas, which constitute one of the major motifs analysed in the present article. Another key question is the ethics of the prophetism of the novelistic Moses, who seems to speak for contemporary people, doomed to in the world perceived as chaos unsupervised by an absolute being. Rozier’s agnostic Moses is a prophet not of God (who does not appear in the novel), but of humanism understood as the confrontation of a human being with the absurdity of his or her own finiteness, which produces compassion for the other, with whom the fate of a mortal is shared.


2019 ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Kamola Alimova
Keyword(s):  

This article is devoted to the study of English idioms with flora component, their meaning and use in speech. The aim of the work is to define the concept of "idioms", the history of idioms with the component of flora, centuries-old human observations of the world of flora and the attitude of people to this area of reality. The article also reveals the peculiarities of English idioms with flora component important for translation and considers the problem of adequacy and equivalence in translation, as well as the ways of translation of English idioms into Uzbek. The present article is devoted to investigation of idioms with the component of the flora, their importance and use in speech. The aim of the work is to define the concept of "idiom". The history of occurrence of idioms with flora component is considered. Identify the features of idioms that are important for translation and methods of translation of English idiom with the component flora. Ушбу мақола флора компонентига эга бўлган инглиз идиомаларининг мазмуни ва уларни нутқдаги аҳамиятини ўрганишга бағишланган. Мақоланиниг мақсади флора компонентига эга бўлган инглиз идомаларининг моҳияти ва келиб чиқиш тарихини ўрганиш ва флора дунёсининг кўп асрлик инсон томонида кузатилиши ва унга муносабатини кўриб чиқишдан иборат. Шунингдек, мақолада флора компонентига эга бўлган инглиз идиомаларининг ўзбек тилига таржима қилиш жараёнидаги муҳим жиҳатлари, айниқса, таржимада адекватлик ва эквалентлик муаммоси ҳамда таржима қилиш усуллари кўриб чиқилган. Cтатья посвящена изучению английских идиом с компонентом флора, их значению и употреблению в речи. Целью работы является определение понятия идиома, история идиом с компонентом флора, многовековые наблюдения человека за миром флоры и отношение людей к этой области действительности. В статье также раскрываются особенности перевода английских идиом с компонентом флора, рассматривается проблема адекватности и эквивалентности в переводе и способы перевода английских идиом на узбекский язык.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Alexandre Domingues Ribas ◽  
Antonio Carlos Vitte

Resumo: Há um relativo depauperamento no tocante ao nosso conhecimento a respeito da relação entre a filosofia kantiana e a constituição da geografia moderna e, conseqüentemente, científica. Esta relação, quando abordada, o é - vezes sem conta - de modo oblíquo ou tangencial, isto é, ela resta quase que exclusivamente confinada ao ato de noticiar que Kant ofereceu, por aproximadamente quatro décadas, cursos de Geografia Física em Königsberg, ou que ele foi o primeiro filósofo a inserir esta disciplina na Universidade, antes mesmo da criação da cátedra de Geografia em Berlim, em 1820, por Karl Ritter. Não ultrapassar a pueril divulgação deste ato em si mesma só nos faz jogar uma cortina sobre a ausência de um discernimento maior acerca do tributo de Kant àfundamentação epistêmica da geografia moderna e científica. Abrir umafrincha nesta cortina denota, necessariamente, elucidar o papel e o lugardo “Curso de Geografia Física” no corpus da filosofia transcendental kantiana. Assim sendo, partimos da conjectura de que a “Geografia Física” continuamente se mostrou, a Kant, como um conhecimento portador de um desmedido sentido filosófico, já que ela lhe denotava a própria possibilidade de empiricização de sua filosofia. Logo, a Geografia Física seria, para Kant, o embasamento empírico de suas reflexões filosóficas, pois ela lhe comunicava a empiricidade da invenção do mundo; ela lhe outorgava a construção metafísica da “superfície da Terra”. Destarte, da mesma maneira que a Geografia, em sua superfície geral, conferiu uma espécie de atributo científico à validação do empírico da Modernidade (desde os idos do século XVI), a Geografia Física apresentou-se como o sustentáculo empírico da reflexão filosófica kantiana acerca da “metafísica da natureza” e da “metafísica do mundo”.THE COURSE OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF IMMANUEL KANT(1724-1804): CONTRIBUTION FOR THE GEOGRAPHICALSCIENCE HISTORY AND EPISTEMOLOGYAbstract: There is a relative weakness about our knowledge concerningKant philosophy and the constitution of modern geography and,consequently, scientific geography. That relation, whenever studied,happens – several times – in an oblique or tangential way, what means thatit lies almost exclusively confined in the act of notifying that Kant offered,for approximately four decades, “Physical Geography” courses inKonigsberg, or that he was the first philosopher teaching the subject at anyCollege, even before the creation of Geography chair in Berlin, in 1820, byKarl Ritter. Not overcoming the early spread of that act itself only made usthrow a curtain over the absence of a major understanding about Kant’stribute to epistemic justification of modern and scientific geography. Toopen a breach in this curtain indicates, necessarily, to lighten the role andplace of Physical Geography Course inside Kantian transcendentalphilosophy. So, we began from the conjecture that Physical Geography hasalways shown, by Kant, as a knowledge carrier of an unmeasuredphilosophic sense, once it showed the possibility of empiricization of hisphilosophy. Therefore, a Physical Geography would be, for Kant, theempirics basis of his philosophic thoughts, because it communicates theempiria of the world invention; it has made him to build metaphysically the“Earth’s surface”. In the same way, Geography, in its general surface, hasgiven a particular tribute to the empiric validation of Modernity (since the16th century), Physical Geography introduced itself as an empiric basis toKantian philosophical reflection about “nature’s metaphysics” and the“world metaphysics” as well.Keywords: History and Epistemology of Geography, Physical Geography,Cosmology, Kantian Transcendental Philosophy, Nature.


Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Bhattacharya

The archives are generally sites where historians conduct research into our past. Seldom are they objects of research. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya traces the path that led to the creation of a central archive in India, from the setting up of the Imperial Record Department, the precursor of the National Archives of India, and the Indian Historical Records Commission, to the framing of archival policies and the change in those policies over the years. In the last two decades of colonial rule in India, there were anticipations of freedom in many areas of the public sphere. These were felt in the domain of archiving as well, chiefly in the form of reversal of earlier policies. From this perspective, Bhattacharya explores the relation between knowledge and power and discusses how the World Wars and the decline of Britain, among other factors, effected a transition from a Eurocentric and disparaging approach to India towards a more liberal and less ethnocentric one.


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