scholarly journals Interiority and Human Experience: Dominicus de Flandria on the Interior Senses

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Brian GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
De Anima ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sensus Communis ◽  
Scholastic Realism

This paper takes up the topic of the interior senses and sensible cognition as elaborated by Dominic of Flanders, a fifteenth-century Dominican thinker, in his short commentary, Expositio super libros De anima. At a time when Averroistic Aristotelianism was flourishing, and as nominalism spread across the Continent, Dominic’s account of the soul and the interior senses demonstrates a commitment to Thomas Aquinas and, more broadly, scholastic realism. Dominic adopts the fourfold model of the internal senses advanced by Thomas. He carries forth Thomas’s insistence that the sensus communis is both the root (radix) and end (terminus) of sensitivity as such and the individual senses; he follows Thomas in privileging the cogitativa, and posits a more perfect form of memoria in man. Our study concludes by looking briefly at his Quaestiones in XII libros Metaphysica, where we find an innovative account of experimentum, which reveals the thought of a capable philosopher.

Thomas Aquinas on Bodily Identity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Substantial Form ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mendicant Orders ◽  
Over Time

This is a study of the union of matter and the soul in human beings in the thought of the Dominican Thomas Aquinas. At first glance, this issue might appear arcane, but it was at the centre of Catholic polemic with heresy in the thirteenth century and of the development of medieval thought. The book argues that theological issues, especially the need for an identical body to be resurrected at the end of time, were vital to Aquinas’s account of how human beings are constituted. The book explores how theological questions shaped Aquinas’s thought on individuality and bodily identity over time, his embryology and understanding of heredity, his work on nutrition and bodily growth, and his fundamental conception of matter. It demonstrates how Aquinas used his peripatetic sources, Aristotle and Averroes, to further his own thinking. The book indicates how Aquinas’s thought on bodily identity became pivotal to university debates and relations between rival mendicant orders in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, and that quarrels surrounding these issues persisted into the fifteenth century. Not only is this a study of the interface between theology, biology, and physics in Aquinas’s thought; it also fundamentally revises the generally accepted view of Aquinas. Aquinas is famous for holding that the only substantial form in a human being is the soul; most scholars have therefore thought he located the identity of the individual in their soul. This book restores the body through a thorough examination of the range of Aquinas’s works.

scholarly journals In the Absence of the Rule of Law: Everyday Lawyering, Dignity and Resistance in Myanmar’s ‘Disciplined Democracy’

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-599
Author(s):  
Alex Batesmith ◽  
Jake Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
State Power ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Material Support ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Human

This article explores how ‘everyday’ lawyers undertaking routine criminal defence cases navigate an authoritarian legal system. Based on original fieldwork in the ‘disciplined democracy’ of Myanmar, the article examines how hegemonic state power and a functional absence of the rule of law have created a culture of passivity among ordinary practitioners. ‘Everyday’ lawyers are nevertheless able to uphold their clients’ dignity by practical and material support for the individual human experience – and in so doing, subtly resist, evade or disrupt state power. The article draws upon the literature on the sociology of lawyering and resistance, arguing for a multilayered understanding of dignity going beyond lawyers’ contributions to their clients’ legal autonomy. Focusing on dignity provides an alternative perspective to the otherwise often all-consuming rule of law discourse. In authoritarian legal systems, enhancing their clients’ dignity beyond legal autonomy may be the only meaningful contribution that ‘everyday’ lawyers can make.

Averroes, Thomas Aquinas and Giles of Rome on How is Man Understands

Vivarium ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Francis Conolly
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Individual

AbstractGiles of Rome, in his early treatise, De plurificatione possibilis intellectus, criticizes the arguments of Thomas Aquinas against the Averroist doctrine of the uniqueness of the possible intellect on the grounds that Aquinas does not fully appreciate the distinction between material and intentional forms and the differences in how these forms are generated. Nevertheless, like Aquinas, he argues that Averroes' doctrine still results in the apparently absurd consequence that homo non intelligit, i.e., the individual, particular man, this man, does not understand. Giles, however, attempts to respond to certain "radical" Averroists, who, in a bold and clever maneuver, affirm that homo non intelligit. While Giles does effectively argue that homo non intelligit is not the opinion of Averroes, he is unable to demonstrate the absurdity of homo non intelligit in a manner that would be convincing to the Averroists. This is because Giles, like Aquinas, maintains that the intellect is a power of the soul, and thus has a different conception of the relation between body and intellect than do the Averroists, who emphasize the separateness of the intellect.

scholarly journals Cordelia.’s Portrait in the Context of King Lear.’s Individuation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rodríguez gómez
Keyword(s):  
King Lear ◽  
The Self ◽  
Collective Unconscious ◽  
De Anima ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Jungian Analysis ◽  
Individuation Process ◽  
The Individual

Abstract: This analysis attempts to show the relations between the individual psyche and the contents of the collective unconscious. Following Von Franz’s analytical technique, the tragic action in King Lear will be read as an individuation process that will rescue archetypal contents and solve existential paradoxes that cause an imbalance between the ego and the self, leading to self-destruction. Once communication is eased and balance is restored, the transformation-seeking process that engaged the design of the play itself becomes resolved, and events can be led to a conventional tragic resolution. Jungian analysis will therefore provide a critical framework to unveil the subconscious contents that tear the character of the king between annihilation and survival, the anima complex that affects the king, responding thus for the action of the play and its centuries-old success.Resumen: Este análisis pretende sacar a la luz las relaciones entre la psyche individual y los contenidos del inconsciente colectivo. Siguiendo la técnica analítica de Von Franz, la acción trágica de King Lear será entendida a través del proceso de individuación que revierte sobre los contenidos arquetípicos y resuelve las paradojas existenciales que causan el desequilibrio entre ego y self. Una vez que la comunicación es facilitada y el equilibrio psíquico recuperado, el proceso transformativo que afecta la génesis de la trama se resuelve y el argumento alcanza una resolución convencional. El análisis junguiano ofrece el soporte crítico necesario para desvelar los contenidos del inconsciente que escinde el personaje central del monarca entre la supervivencia y la aniquilación. El complejo de ánima que afecta al rey responde de esta manera por la complejidad de la acción dramática y el éxito que ha hecho que esta obra perdure a través de los siglos.

Reimagining the Literature of the Modern Republic

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-758
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Adam Smith ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Liberal Philosophy ◽  
School Of Salamanca ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Usable Past

Raúl Coronado'S Ambitious and Beautifully Realized Book About The Literature Of Failed Republican Revolution in Late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Texas is a major contribution to the expanding field of scholarship that recovers, contextualizes, and interprets Tatino/a writing. This wide-ranging study traces the influence of scholastic thought in Spain and Spanish America, culminating in a discussion of the resonances of that intellectual tradition after 1848, as newly conquered Tejanos faced expropriation and violence by United States Americans. Coronado shows how the ideas of Thomas Aquinas and his Spanish interpreters—notably Francisco Suárez (1548-1617), a Jesuit and the leading member of the Thomist School of Salamanca, whose ideas were broadly influential in the Hispanic world—presented a durable alternative to the liberal philosophy of John Tocke and Adam Smith. In part through Suárez's influence, the Roman Catholic concept of the corpus mysticum fed into a distinctive vision of the modern republic that elevated the pueblo over the individual. That this alternative tradition failed initially to gain political and cultural ground explains the melancholy title of Coronado's study, while the possibility of recuperating this history as a usable past animates the project as a whole.

Selfhood, Schizophrenia, and the Interpersonal Regulation of Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Intentional State ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Minimal Self ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This paper addresses the view that schizophrenia involves disturbance of the minimal self, and that this distinguishes it from other psychiatric conditions. I challenge the distinction between a minimal and an interpersonally constituted sense of self, through a consideration of the relationship between psychosis and interpersonally induced trauma. First of all, I suggest that even minimal self-experience must include a pre-reflective sense of what kind of intentional state one is in. Then I address the extent to which human experience and thought are interpersonally regulated. I propose that traumatic events, in childhood and/or in adulthood, can erode a primitive form of “trust” in other people that the integrity of intentionality depends upon, thus disrupting the phenomenological boundaries between intentional state types. I conclude that a distinction between minimal and interpersonal self is untenable, and that schizophrenia should be thought of in relational terms rather than simply as a disorder of the individual.

Averroism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Ebbesen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

‘Averroism’, ‘radical Aristotelianism’ and ‘heterodox Aristotelianism’ are nineteenth- and twentieth-century labels for a late thirteenth-century movement among Parisian philosophers whose views were not easily reconcilable with Christian doctrine. The three most important points of difference were the individual immortality of human intellectual souls, the attainability of happiness in this life and the eternity of the world. An ‘Averroist’ or ‘Radical Aristotelian’ would hold that philosophy leads to the conclusions that there is only one intellect shared by all humans, that happiness is attainable in earthly life and that the world has no temporal beginning or end. Averroists have generally been credited with a ‘theory of double truth’, according to which there is an irreconcilable clash between truths of faith and truths arrived at by means of reason. Averroism has often been assigned the role of a dangerous line of thought, against which Thomas Aquinas opposed his synthesis of faith and reason. The term ‘Averroism’ is also used more broadly to characterize Western thought from the thirteenth through sixteenth centuries which was influenced by Averroes, and/or some philosophers’ self-proclaimed allegiance to Averroes.

Case Formulation in Clinical Neuropsychology

2012 ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
Greg J. Lamberty ◽  
Nathaniel W. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Effort Assessment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functioning Assessment

Chapter 4 discusses two epistemological trends have largely evolved over the twentieth century and which continue to underlie clinical neuropsychological case formulation today, the first of which incorporates and integrates idiographic knowledge and emphasizes how the individual is unique and distinct from the lives of others, and the second, which emphasizes nomothetic knowledge and focuses on aspects of the human experience that are ‘lawful’ or universal, regardless of the individual patient under study. It also covers case formulation by focusing on issues relevant to assessment of response validity and effort, assessment of cognitive functioning, assessment of personality and emotional functioning, and population-based case formulation.

scholarly journals 4160 Evaluating Student Team Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Celia Chao ◽  
Emma Tumilty ◽  
Celia Chao ◽  
Judith Aronson ◽  
Jonathan D. Hommel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Team Dynamics ◽  
Team Science ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Workload Distribution ◽  
The Individual

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We aimed to explore the students’ assessments of workload distribution by comparing personal reflective commentaries and team documents defining division of labor in a team science setting. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Interprofessional Research Design course models the team science experience by bringing together MD and PhD students to write a research grant. Four teams of 13 students were tasked with both individual and team-based assignments: 1) Each week, each student reported their perception of their own and their team members’ effort over the week (totalling 100%). 2) Iterative work contracts for each team were submitted at four time-points; assigned work toward project completion totalled 100%. 3) Lastly, each student submitted a short commentary reflecting on the prior week’s team dynamics and teamwork. We retrospectively performed a mixed-methods analysis of the workload data. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Group-reporting in the team contracts remained static throughout the course, often stating equal distribution of workload, whereas individual reporting was more dynamic. Of 13 students, 8 rated more than 50% of the weeks as balanced. Among some students, there was a discordance of workload distribution when comparing the group document to the individual perceptions of work performed by their teammates. Reflective writing mapped more closely to individual quantitative reports. The data also revealed within team variations, where one student may report a higher proportion of their contributions, while the rest of the team attributed that student a lower percentage of the total work. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: An important aspect of team function is workload distribution. Group-based workload discussions may be a useful framework, but does not provide insight into team dynamics, whereas individually reported workload distributions and short reflections seem to more accurately inform us on team function.

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