Minimal self y las teorías de la identidad personal en fenomenología

Este artículo investiga la relevancia quepuede tener la noción de minimal self, defendidapor ejemplo por Zahavi, para unateoría fenomenológica de la identidad queaquí se analiza al hilo del fenómeno de la vejez.Primero, analizo la noción de minimalself tal y como se plasma en los escritos deZahavi para analizar los presupuestos y argumentosen los que se sostiene. No obstante,segundo, este planteamiento puede resultarproblemático para la descripción de los fenómenosvitales cuyo sentido se constituyeintersubjetivamente. Así, fenómenos comola enfermedad, la vejez o el género no solose asientan en la experiencia solitaria e individual,sino que solo pueden ser comprendidospor el propio sujeto en interacción conlos demás. El argumento que se aporta, entercer lugar, para defender este aspecto de lanoción de minimal self es una descripción delfenómeno de la vejez en términos del descubrimientode una misma como anciana, apartir de los escritos de Simone de Beauvoir.

Building and Understanding the Minimal Self

Within the methodologically diverse interdisciplinary research on the minimal self, we identify two movements with seemingly disparate research agendas – cognitive science and cognitive (developmental) robotics. Cognitive science, on the one hand, devises rather abstract models which can predict and explain human experimental data related to the minimal self. Incorporating the established models of cognitive science and ideas from artificial intelligence, cognitive robotics, on the other hand, aims to build embodied learning machines capable of developing a self “from scratch” similar to human infants. The epistemic promise of the latter approach is that, at some point, robotic models can serve as a testbed for directly investigating the mechanisms that lead to the emergence of the minimal self. While both approaches can be productive for creating causal mechanistic models of the minimal self, we argue that building a minimal self is different from understanding the human minimal self. Thus, one should be cautious when drawing conclusions about the human minimal self based on robotic model implementations and vice versa. We further point out that incorporating constraints arising from different levels of analysis will be crucial for creating models that can predict, generate, and causally explain behavior in the real world.

Environment-Related and Body-Related Components of the Minimal Self

Perceptual changes that an agent produces by efferent activity can become part of the agent’s minimal self. Yet, in human agents, efferent activities produce perceptual changes in various sensory modalities and in various temporal and spatial proximities. Some of these changes occur at the “biological” body, and they are to some extent conveyed by “private” sensory signals, whereas other changes occur in the environment of that biological body and are conveyed by “public” sensory signals. We discuss commonalties and differences of these signals for generating selfhood. We argue that despite considerable functional overlap of these sensory signals in generating self-experience, there are reasons to tell them apart in theorizing and empirical research about development of the self.

An Embodied Cognition Perspective on the Role of Interoception in the Development of the Minimal Self

Interoception is an often neglected but crucial aspect of the human minimal self. In this perspective, we extend the embodiment account of interoceptive inference to explain the development of the minimal self in humans. To do so, we first provide a comparative overview of the central accounts addressing the link between interoception and the minimal self. Grounding our arguments on the embodiment framework, we propose a bidirectional relationship between motor and interoceptive states, which jointly contribute to the development of the minimal self. We present empirical findings on interoception in development and discuss the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self. Moreover, we make theoretical predictions that can be tested in future experiments. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view on the mechanisms underlying the minimal self by explaining the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self.

Modeling sensory-motor experience during object manipulation in Augmented Reality (AR)

What does it feel like when one controls a tool? Would it feel like it is being extended from one’s own body? This thesis is a cornerstone for the PALMS study. Plasticity of the minimal self can be defined as the ability to shape or extend Body Image and Body Action. The PALMS project studies the plasticity of the minimal self in healthy aging in tool-use dependent tasks. In our current study, we developed an object manipulation experiment in AR. Whereby having one’s hand tracked, one could then move their hand to control a tool(gripper) in AR. The aim of the task is for one to touch the gripper’s middle part with the front side of the target cube. Moreover, one should avoid touching the sides of the target cube. One would then put on a tactile glove, which would then generate tactile feedback once the tool comes in contact with a target. The primary question we had for our current experiment was, Would a task with haptic feedback have a better performance than a task without haptic feedback?For our experiment, we divided the participants into two groups, Group A (without Feedback first) and Group B (With Haptic feedback first). In Group A, in the first two blocks (first half of the trials), one will not get haptic feedback as the tool comes in contact with the target. Then in the second two blocks (second half of the trials), haptic feedback would be present. Such that participants will get haptic feedback as the tool comes in contact with the target. Conversely, in Group B, in the first half of the trials, haptic feedback would be present. Then in the second half of the trials, haptic feedback would be absent.Results show that Haptic Feedback helped participants to perform the task better. No differences in the average workloads between the two groups or the two conditions were observed. Each participant had their own threshold level, a level of difficulty that a participant fluctuates within. No learning effects in any of the two groups in blocks with the same condition were observed. No sequence effects were observed. The order of the chunk of blocks between the two groups did not appear to show any differences.

Non-minimal (self-)running inflation: metric vs. Palatini formulation

We consider a model of quartic inflation where the inflaton is coupled non-minimally to gravity and the self-induced radiative corrections to its effective potential are dominant. We perform a comparative analysis considering two different formulations of gravity, metric or Palatini, and two different choices for the renormalization scale, widely known as prescription I and II. Moreover we comment on the eventual compatibility of the results with the final data release of the Planck mission.

PEMBAGIAN FACE SHIELD SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN CORONA

ABSTRAKKeterbatasan APD (Alat Pelindung Diri) semakin memprihatinkan, sehingga perlunya pemasokan APD pada fasilitas kesehatan guna untuk mencegah pemaparan peyebaran covid-19 pada tenaga kesehatan. Dengan adanya kelangkaan alat pelindung diri, alternatif lain dalam perlindungan diri minimal untuk mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 ini adalah dengan menggunakan Face shield. Tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan yang secara langsung memberikan pelayanan masyarakat memiliki resiko tinggi terkena penyebaran covid-19. Oleh karena itu, perlunya melakukan kegiatan dalam membantu penyediaan APD di fasilitas kesahatan salah satu nya adalah Face shield. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk membantu tenaga kesehatan dalam pencegahan penyebaran covid-19. Pada pengabdian masyarakat ini pembagian face shield dilakukan pada sejumlah puskesmas dan klinik antara lain Puskesmas Labuapi, Puskesmas Banyumulek, Puskesmas Perampuan dan Klinik An Nur. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan secara langsung dengan jumlah total 50 buah face shield. Kata kunci: face shield; pencegahan covid-19; Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram ABSTRACTThe limitation of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) is increasingly alarming, so the need for PPE supply in health facilities in order to prevent exposure to covid-19 distribution to health workers. Due to the scarcity of personal protective equipment, another alternative to minimal self-protection to prevent the spread of Covid-19 is to use a Face Shield. Health workers in health facilities that directly provide community services have a high risk of contracting co-19. Therefore, the need to carry out activities to help provide PPE in health facilities, one of which is Face Shield. The purpose of this community service is to help health workers in preventing the spread of covid-19. In this community service, the division of face shields was carried out in a number of puskesmas and clinics including Labuapi Puskesmas, Banyumulek Puskesmas, Perampu Puskesmas and An Nur Clinic. The method of implementation is carried out directly with a total of 50 face shields. Keywords: face shield; Covid-19 prevention; University of Muhammadiyah Mataram