scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL PRACTICE ON POPULATION OF PEA LEAFMINER (Liriomyza huidobrensis) AND ITS PARASITOIDS IN POTATO

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Gde Suryawan ◽  
Stephen G. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Parasitoid Population ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Parasitism Level ◽  
Raised Bed

Pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) is the major pest of potato crop in Indonesia. The use of insecticides to control the pest is ineffective and harmful to the natural enemies. The study aimed to find out a promising cultural practice for leafminer management on potato crop. The study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Bali in 2004. Potato plants (Granola variety) were grown in a raised-bed plot of 10 m x 1 m. The treatments evaluated were standard cultural practice (C), C plus reflective plastic mulch (RPM) (CM), farmer’s practice (F), vermicompost (V), and V plus RPM (VM). All treatments were arranged in RCBD with five replications. From each plot, 10 plant samples were randomly taken to observe the presence of larvae, mines, and adults. Larvae and adults of leafminer and mines were separately counted from the top, middle, and bottom parts of the plant samples. Parasitoids were collected from the infested leaves of the plant samples. Emerged parasitoids were counted and put into vials with 70% ethyl alcohol and then identified. The results showed that the population of adults, larvae of L. huidobrensis, and mines were less in C, CM, V, and VM treatments compared to farmer's practice (F). However, RPM (CM and VM) treatments significantly reduced population of leafminer and mines. The highest population of adults, larvae, and mines on RPM treatment were less than 1.5, 8.5, and 10 per plant, respectively compared to other treatments which were greater than 3.2 for adults, 12.4 for larvae, and 12.7 for mines. Parasitoid population and parasitism level were more in vermicompost treatments (V and VM) compared to other treatments (C, CM, and F). The results showed that application of pesticides was ineffective against leafminer and reduced parasitoid population; in the other hand RPM was effective to control leafminer although the effect on parasitoids was not clear. Parasitoid species that were found associated with potato crop were Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Neochrysocharis sp., and Opius sp. Combination of RPM with standard practice and vermicompost are prospective for leafminer management in potato crop, however, VM is friendlier to environment regarding sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL PRACTICE ON POPULATION OF PEA LEAFMINER (Liriomyza huidobrensis) AND ITS PARASITOIDS IN POTATO

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Gde Suryawan ◽  
Stephen G. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Parasitoid Population ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Parasitism Level ◽  
Raised Bed

Pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) is the major pest of potato crop in Indonesia. The use of insecticides to control the pest is ineffective and harmful to the natural enemies. The study aimed to find out a promising cultural practice for leafminer management on potato crop. The study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Bali in 2004. Potato plants (Granola variety) were grown in a raised-bed plot of 10 m x 1 m. The treatments evaluated were standard cultural practice (C), C plus reflective plastic mulch (RPM) (CM), farmer’s practice (F), vermicompost (V), and V plus RPM (VM). All treatments were arranged in RCBD with five replications. From each plot, 10 plant samples were randomly taken to observe the presence of larvae, mines, and adults. Larvae and adults of leafminer and mines were separately counted from the top, middle, and bottom parts of the plant samples. Parasitoids were collected from the infested leaves of the plant samples. Emerged parasitoids were counted and put into vials with 70% ethyl alcohol and then identified. The results showed that the population of adults, larvae of L. huidobrensis, and mines were less in C, CM, V, and VM treatments compared to farmer's practice (F). However, RPM (CM and VM) treatments significantly reduced population of leafminer and mines. The highest population of adults, larvae, and mines on RPM treatment were less than 1.5, 8.5, and 10 per plant, respectively compared to other treatments which were greater than 3.2 for adults, 12.4 for larvae, and 12.7 for mines. Parasitoid population and parasitism level were more in vermicompost treatments (V and VM) compared to other treatments (C, CM, and F). The results showed that application of pesticides was ineffective against leafminer and reduced parasitoid population; in the other hand RPM was effective to control leafminer although the effect on parasitoids was not clear. Parasitoid species that were found associated with potato crop were Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Neochrysocharis sp., and Opius sp. Combination of RPM with standard practice and vermicompost are prospective for leafminer management in potato crop, however, VM is friendlier to environment regarding sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Possibility of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) production in Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takácsné Hájos ◽  
T. Rubóczki ◽  
A. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plastic Sheet ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Black Plastic

Artificial sweeteners have harmful effect on human health, so it is great interested in stevia extract. Our experiment was aimed to show the possibility of inland production of stevia. Different plastic mulches were used (black and white) on raised bed and were compared to uncovered (control) plots for yield and state of health of plants. Furthermore we evaluated the depth of cuttings (low cutting until the 6th double leaf; normal cutting until the upper ⅓ of the plant) on the yield depending on the covering method. The plants were  transplanted on 9 of May, 2014 on raised bed, 3 rows on it, with 33x25 cm spacing. According to our results, the black plastic mulch produced the highest yield, which can be explained by suppressing effect on weeds, furthermore it kept the soil warm, moist and protected the lower leaves from soil wetness. But, the white sheet mulch could not eliminate weeds around the plants. The total biomass on the black plastic sheet covered plots was the highest, nearly 1000 g pro plant by low cutting. On the control plots the fungi infection reached about 25-30%, which caused leaf falling of plants, decreasing of yield by the end of vegetation period. To summarise, stevia production is possible in Hungary, but it is important to pay attention to the balanced soil moisture and low humidity in the leaf area. It is suggested to cover the soil with plastic sheet or organic materials, such as bark and chippings.

scholarly journals Impact of potato psyllid density and timing of infestation on Zebra chip disease expression in potato plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Feng ◽  
Zhao Zi-Hua ◽  
Jifon John ◽  
Liu Tong-Xian
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The impact of vector density and timing of infestation on potato were investigated. Healthy potato plants at different growth stages (4, 5, and 7 weeks after germination) were exposed separately to four different B. cockerelli densities (0, 5, 20, and 40 psyllids per cage) in field cages and Zebra chip (ZC) symptoms, leaf photosynthetic rates, tuber yield, and total nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and tubers of healthy and B. cockerelli-infested plants were monitored. Potato psyllid nymph and egg populations reached a seasonal peak at 6 weeks after the exposure to insect. Younger plants at 4-week growth stage after germination were more susceptible to B. cockerelli infestation and ZC expression than older plants. As few as five B. cockerelli adults were enough to transmit the ZC pathogen and cause ZC expression both in foliage and tuber. At the density of 20 psyllids per cage, more than 50% of plants showed ZC symptoms in tubers. Furthermore, B. cockerelli infestation reduced leaf photosynthesis rates (P<sub>n</sub>), resulting in less starch and more reducing sugars in tubers, and hence reduced tuber weight and yield, especially when psyllid infestation occurred at the early growth stages. The results indicate that early B. cockerelli infestation of younger plants was associated with more severe ZC expression in both foliage and tubers, leading to earlier dead plants. The data suggest that strategies for controlling B. cockerelli during early potato crop development could thus lessen the severity of ZC development.

scholarly journals Abamectin Efficacy on the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Nicola Sasanelli ◽  
Ion Toderas ◽  
Pasqua Veronico ◽  
Elena Iurcu-Straistaru ◽  
Stefan Rusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Biological Pesticide ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Potato Crops

The potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida is a major pest of the potato crop. Abamectin is a biological pesticide showing high nematicide activity, but its efficacy to control G. pallida has not been investigated to date. In this study, combination of different abamectin concentrations ranging from 1.125 to 36 µg/mL x exposure times from 24 to 384 h were tested on the nematode in a hatching test. Abamectin induced mortality with LD50 value in the range of 13.23 (after 24 h) to 2.90 µg/mL (after 384 h). A glasshouse experiment was also performed in pots filled with soil infected with G. pallida in the presence of sprouted potato tubers cultivar “Spunta”. Abamectin at 4.5, 9.0, 18.0 and 36.0 µg/mL was used in comparison with nematicide fosthiazate. The doses of 18 and 36 µg/mL significantly reduced number of eggs, juveniles, cyst/g soil and reproduction rate in comparison to both untreated control and fosthiazate treatment. Soil applications of abamectin provided significant G. pallida control with LD50 and LD99.9 of 14.4 and 131.3 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate the efficacy of abamectin to control G. pallida on potato crops and its potential use in organic agriculture or in an integrated pest management program.

scholarly journals Design of expression cassettes using the Cry1Ba1 gene for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Natalyth Erira ◽  
Alejandro Chaparro-Giraldo ◽  
Silvio López-Pazos
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Tecia Solanivora ◽  
Transgenic Potato Plants ◽  
Polyadenylation Signals

The most serious insect pest problem in the potato crop in Colombia is the lepidopteran Tecia solanivora that causessignificant economic losses. In this research, we designedexpression cassettes based on the cry1Ba1 gene of Bacillusthuringiensis that could confer resistance to T. solanivora via the variety Pastusa Suprema. We selected the elements of thedesigned expression cassettes through an analysis of scientificliterature and patent databases; the considered factors were theproteolytic activation of the Cry1Ba1 protoxin, modification ofcodonic use, polyadenylation signals, and cryptic splicing sites. We used a tissue-specific patatine promoter to reduce potentialbiosafety risks, because it is expressed only in the tuber. Thefreedom to operate analysis suggests that the commercial use of the designed expression cassettes in transgenic potato plants does not affect the rights of third parties in Colombia.

scholarly journals Incremental Effects of Plasticulture System Components on the Growth and Yield of Three Echinacea Species

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 529E-529
Author(s):  
Pat A. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
System Component ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
System Components ◽  
Ground System ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Flat Ground

The incremental effects of adding plasticulture system components in Echinacea production were determined after one growing season. E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida, were grown in four cultural systems: flat ground, raised bed, raised bed with plastic mulch, and raised bed with plastic mulch and a polyethylene mini-tunnel. Trickle irrigation was used in all systems, with fertilizers injected monthly into the irrigation water. Plant spacing was 0.22 m in rows spaced 0.25 m apart, with 1.30 m between each set of three rows, giving a density of 75,758 plants/ha. In all systems, root dry weight was highest for E. pallida, followed by E. purpurea, then E. angustifolia. Each system component increased the root dry weight, but the percent increase differed among species. The mean root dry weights from the flat ground system were 35.8, 17.1, and 12.0 g/plant for E. pallida, E. purpurea, and E. angustifolia, respectively; whereas from the system including all components they were 51.1, 27.2 and 21.7 g/plant, respectively. The leaf dry weight of E. purpurea also increased with each system component added, but the stem dry weight was reduced by the mini-tunnel. All species produced more flowers when grown on raised beds than when grown on flat ground. The effects of the plastic mulch and mini-tunnel on flower production differed among species.

scholarly journals Use of plant extracts from healthy soybean and potato plants for treatments of plants of the same species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e225101220351
Author(s):  
Andre May ◽  
Luciana Fontes Coelho ◽  
Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura da Silva ◽  
Nilson Aparecido Vieira Junior ◽  
Ronaldo da Silva Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Farmer Management ◽  
Tuber Defects ◽  
Absolute Control

The present study proposes to evaluate extracts from shoots of healthy soybean and potato plants for the treatment of plants of the same species cultivated subsequently. Two experiments were thus conducted separately after the soybean and potato inoculum production phases. For soybean, the experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with five treatments and four replications, in which the following treatments were tested: 1. absolute control without inoculum or pesticides; 2. farmer management with pesticides, without inoculum; 3. use of inoculum, without insecticides; 4. use of inoculum, without fungicides; and 5. use of inoculum, without pesticides. In the soybean crop, the tested inoculum improved plant development and, increased the potassium content of the plant tissue as well as yield. For the potato crop, a randomized-block statistical design was adopted with two treatments and ten replications, using varieties Ágata and Atlantic. The following treatments were tested: 1. absolute control without inoculum, with pesticides; and 2. use of inoculum (foliar spraying), with pesticides. With the use of inoculum, varieties Ágata and Atlantic showed distinct responses regarding disease incidence and yield. Late blight was the disease that most affected both varieties, but only Atlantic showed a reduction in its incidence when the inoculum was applied. Variety Atlantic also exhibited an increase in the most valued commercial calibers, besides an increase in yield, with the use of the tested inoculum. Cultivar Ágata showed a marked reduction in tuber defects with the use of the inoculum on the plants.

scholarly journals Application of Guano Fertilizer and Types of Mulch on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Adinda Wahyuni ◽  
Netti Herawati ◽  
Warnita Warnita
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Range Test

Aims: The purpose of this study was to obtain the best interaction between guano doses and mulch on the growth and yield of potato plants. Study Design: The experimental design used was factorial 2 factors in a completely randomized design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was carried out in Alahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra from March to June 2018. Methodology: Factorial design 2 factors was use in research. The first factor consisted of 4 levels of guano fertilizer doses of 0, 3, 6 and 9 t ha-1. The second factor consisted of black silver plastic mulch and black plastic mulch. Data were analyzed statistically with the Fisher test and if significantly different then continued with the Duncan’s New Multiple Range test (p≤0.05) Results: No interaction between guano fertilizer and the two types of mulch tested with respect to plant height, number of leaves, and smallest tuber diameter were observed. Guano fertilizer at 9 t ha-1 gave the best influence on the number of tubers and the diameter of tuber. Black plastic mulch had the best influence on the number of tubers, the diameter of tuber, the weight of tubers per plant and the weight of tubers per hectare. Conclusion: The dosage of guano fertilizer of 9 t ha-1gave the best effect on the number and diameter of tubers. The type of black plastic mulch gave the best effect on tuber number, tuber diameter, tuber weight per plant and tuber weight per hectare.

THE INFLUENCE OF POTATO PLANTING DENSITY ON productivity, QUALITY OF PRODUCTION AND THE COMMERCIALITY OF TUBERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Леонид Шашкаров ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov ◽  
Яков Григорьев ◽  
Yakov Grigor'ev ◽  
Алексей Самаркин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Structure Quality ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Definition Of

The article deals with the influence of planting depth of potato tubers on productivity, structure, quality of products and the marketability of potato crop in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. The depth of seeding of tubers has a direct impact on all processes of growth and development. The more favorable the complex of conditions in the zone of placement of planted tubers, the faster they germinate and give early and amicable shoots, the more successful the further development of the potato plant and the formation of the crop. Determining the dependence of the potato tuber planting depth on the productivity, structure, quality of the products and the marketability of potato plants hinders many causes that are directly related to the growth and development of potato plants, as the productivity of potato plants is significantly increased by optimizing the priority conditions that are necessary in potato cultivation, when there is an increase in all indicators of photosynthetic activity of potato plants. The density of plants should be such that plants could form a powerful leaf surface, a root system and make the best use of solar energy and soil nutrients [11 12]. In numerous studies by our and foreign authors on the definition of optimal areas of potato nutrition, the following general provisions are present: late varieties, that develop a powerful top, are placed less often, early - thicker; the less moisture in the soil, the less should be the density of planting [6]. In this study, in order to determine potato productivity, we first of all determined crop yields, structure, product quality and marketability of tubers. Norms of planting can be determined depending on the density of the stalk. The high density of plant standings promotes acceleration of passage of development phases by plants, early tuber formation and ripening of a potato [3,4,5,7,8,9]. Thus, in the experiments, carried out by V.T. Spiridonov (1972) in the Chuvash Agricultural Institute in the variant where the planting was carried out according to the scheme of 70x30 cm, the entry of plants into the mass flowering phase was noted 2-3 days earlier than when planting according to the scheme of 70x35 cm. Reduction of the distance between tubers to 25 cm accelerated the development of plants 5 days.

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