scholarly journals Habitat Selection by Two Species of Cleaner Fishes That May be Beneficial in Removing Sea Lice From Cultured Salmon

SURG Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Julianna Charmley
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Salmon Aquaculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Habitat Comparisons ◽  
Species Specific

Sea lice are detrimental ectoparasites that attach to Atlantic salmon causing physiological damage and costing farmers millions in inventory loss and treatments. Cleaner fishes have been introduced into sea cages to act as a biological control of sea lice which is likely a solution for Canadian salmon aquaculture industries. To improve cleaner fish foraging efficiency, this study seeks to determine the optimal habitat for cleaner fishes in Canadian aquaculture. I hypothesized that to be effective cleaner fishes, both the cunners and the lumpfish require habitats that provide them with shelter and places for rest because neither species live solely in the water column. My second hypothesis was that the cunners and the lumpfish require different habitats due to their different morphologies. Habitat comparisons were conducted with three habitats and a control in each individual fishes tank for a total of 8 cunners and 25 lumpfish. It was determined that only cunners required shelter, possibly due to the lumpfish’s ability to adhere to the glass tank walls for rest. Moreover, there was no significant difference in habitat preference between the two species. However, the lumpfish were less preferential between habitat and preferred three of the four habitats equally. It should be noted that the lumpfish and the cunners utilized the same habitats in separate ways to better fit their species-specific requirements; so future research on the co-existence of the two species could lead to increased foraging efficiency through two-species cleaner fish systems.

scholarly journals Sea lice removal by cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture: a review of the evidence base

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Overton ◽  
LT Barrett ◽  
F Oppedal ◽  
TS Kristiansen ◽  
T Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Salmon Aquaculture

scholarly journals Quantifying environmental impacts of cleaner fish used as sea lice treatments in salmon aquaculture with life cycle assessment 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaspard Philis ◽  
Friederike Ziegler ◽  
Mona Dverdal Jansen ◽  
Lars Christian Gansel ◽  
Sara Hornborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Salmon Aquaculture

Effect of cleaner fish on sea lice in Norwegian salmon aquaculture: a national scale data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke T. Barrett ◽  
Kathy Overton ◽  
Lars H. Stien ◽  
Frode Oppedal ◽  
Tim Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Salmon Aquaculture ◽  
Scale Data

scholarly journals Responses of Bat Communities (Mammalia: Chiroptera) to Forest Loss and Habitat Conversion in Southern Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110103
Author(s):  
Patrick Jules Atagana ◽  
Eric Moïse Bakwo Fils ◽  
Sevilor Kekeunou
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Cameroon ◽  
Habitat Conversion ◽  
Species Specific

We aimed to assess how bats are affected by habitat transformation by comparing bat assemblages in four habitat types: primary forest, secondary forest, cocoa plantations and human habitations in the Dja Biosphere Reserve of southern Cameroon. Bats were sampled in the four habitat types using mist nets. During 126 nights, a total of 413 bats were captured, belonging to four families, 16 genera and 24 species. Ninety three individuals (17 species) were captured in the primary forest, followed by plantations (105 individuals, 14 species), human habitations (159 individuals, 10 species), and secondary forest (55 individuals, eight species). Megaloglossus woermanni was recorded in all the four habitats, and was the most abundant species (105 individuals). The analysis of bat assemblage between habitat types showed a statistically significant difference in species composition. The distribution of the six most abundant species ( Epomops franqueti, Megaloglossus woermanni, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Dohyrina cyclops, Hipposideros cf. caffer and Hipposideros cf. ruber) was influenced by habitat types. Our results suggest that the decrease in species richness observed in disturbed habitats may be due to habitat perturbations of primary forest habitats. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of habitat conversion at species level, as responses are often species-specific.

scholarly journals Stock Market Reaction to COVID-19: Evidence in Customer Goods Sector with the Implication for Open Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Zaky Machmuddah ◽  
St. Dwiarso Utomo ◽  
Entot Suhartono ◽  
Shujahat Ali ◽  
Wajahat Ali Ghulam
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Term Impact

The coronavirus pandemic has spread all over the world, affecting both the health and economic sectors. The aim of this research was to observe stock prices of customer goods before and after the COVID-19 pandemic using event study and the comparison test. The sample included data of daily closing stock prices and volume of stock trade during the three months before (−90 days) and after (+90 days) the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing, totaling 2670 observation data both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, for a total of 5340. The research findings indicate a significant difference between the daily closing stock price and volume of stock trade before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The current research has both theoretical and practical implications: the findings strengthen the efficient market hypothesis, which states that the more complete the provided information, the more efficient the market. The practical implication is that investors should be careful when choosing to invest. Investors should choose customer goods sector companies that provide products that are much needed by customers, for example, pharmacy, food, beverages, etc. Future research is needed to investigate the long-term impact of the pandemic on the economy.

Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber with nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Paulitz ◽  
C. S. Park ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Linear Regressions

Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained from surface-disinfested, symptomless cucumber roots grown in two raw (nonautoclaved) soils. These isolates were screened for pathogenicity and biological control activity against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in raw soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (F.o.c.). The influence of three isolates effective in inducing suppressiveness and three ineffective isolates on disease incidence over time was tested. The effective isolates reduced the infection rate (R), based on linear regressions of data transformed to loge (1/1 – y). Effective isolate C5 was added to raw soil infested with various inoculum densities of F.o.c. In treatments without C5, the increase in inoculum densities of F.o.c. decreased the incubation period of wilt disease, but there was no significant difference in infection rate among the inoculum density treatments. Isolate C5 reduced the infection rate at all inoculum densities of F.o.c. Various inoculum densities of C5 were added to raw soils infested with 1000 cfu/g of F.o.c. In the first trial, infection rates were reduced only in the treatment with 10 000 cfu/g of C5; in the second trial, infection rates were reduced in treatments with 10 000 and 30 000 cfu/g of C5.

scholarly journals Clinical benefits, referral practice and cost implications of an in-hospital pain service: results of a service evaluation in a London teaching hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Sussman ◽  
Elizabeth Goodier ◽  
Izabella Fabri ◽  
Jessica Borrowman ◽  
Sarah Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Referral Practice

Background: In-hospital pain services (IPS) are commonplace, but evidence of efficacy is inadequate, and patients’ pain management in any hospital ward remains problematic. This service evaluation aimed to measure the effect of a contemporary IPS, its appropriate use and cost-efficacy. Methods: Records of 249 adults reviewed by the IPS in an inner London Teaching Hospital over an 8-month period were analysed for demographic data, interventions, workload and change in pain intensity measured by numerical rating scale (NRS). Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate differences between initial and final NRS. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to create a correlation matrix to evaluate associations between all identified independent variables with the change in NRS. All strongly correlated variables (ρ > 0.5) were subsequently included in a binary logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of pain resolution greater than 50% NRS and improvement rather than deterioration or no change in NRS. Finally, referral practice and cost of inappropriate referrals were estimated. Referrals were thought to be inappropriate when pain was not optimised by the referring team; they were identified using a set algorithm. Results: Initial median NRS and final median NRS were significantly different when a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to the whole cohort; Z = –5.5 (p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the ‘mild’ pain group; z = –1.1 (p = 0.253). Regression analysis showed that for every unit increase in initial NRS, there was a 62% chance of general and a 33% chance of >50% improvement in final NRS. An estimated annual cost-saving potential of £1546 to £4558 was found in inappropriate referrals and patients experiencing no benefit from the service. Discussion: Results suggest that patients with moderate to severe pain benefit most from IPS input. Also pain management resources are often distributed inefficiently. Future research is required to develop algorithms for easy identification of potential treatment responders.

Exploration of the Development of Children's Empathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Shih-Tseng Tina Huang ◽  
Vinh-Long Tran-Chi
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Grade Difference ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Empathy is an important social skill. It is believed to play an essential role in socioemotional and moral development. The current study aimed to explore empathy development during childhood especially among students in the primary and middle schools located in Southern Vietnam. Bryant's Empathy Index for children and adolescents was administrated on 403 children, including 210 boys and 193 girls. The results showed that there was no significant difference between boys and girls in affective empathy. The results further indicated that there is a significant grade difference on affective empathy with the fourth-grade students being placed higher than those of the second and the sixth grades. A separate analysis was conducted for each of the dependent variables. It was found that the fourth graders were significantly higher than the second and the sixth graders on Understanding Feelings, Feelings of Sadness and Bryant's Empathy Index respectively. The result also showed that the Vietnamese version of Bryant's Empathy Index has acceptable reliability and can be used for future research.

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