Exploration of the Development of Children's Empathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Shih-Tseng Tina Huang ◽  
Vinh-Long Tran-Chi
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Grade Difference ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Empathy is an important social skill. It is believed to play an essential role in socioemotional and moral development. The current study aimed to explore empathy development during childhood especially among students in the primary and middle schools located in Southern Vietnam. Bryant's Empathy Index for children and adolescents was administrated on 403 children, including 210 boys and 193 girls. The results showed that there was no significant difference between boys and girls in affective empathy. The results further indicated that there is a significant grade difference on affective empathy with the fourth-grade students being placed higher than those of the second and the sixth grades. A separate analysis was conducted for each of the dependent variables. It was found that the fourth graders were significantly higher than the second and the sixth graders on Understanding Feelings, Feelings of Sadness and Bryant's Empathy Index respectively. The result also showed that the Vietnamese version of Bryant's Empathy Index has acceptable reliability and can be used for future research.

Analysis of the Expressive Language Characteristics of Emotionally Handicapped Students in Social Interactions

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Mcdonough
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotionally Handicapped ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Language Characteristics ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

Emotionally handicapped students are described as having difficulty forming peer relationships and achieving academically. Because language is critical to these areas, this research project described and compared the expressive language characteristics of nonhandicapped and emotionally handicapped 8- and 9-year-olds, as defined by the mean length of utterance and 13 discourse error categories. This study included 44 subjects, a group of 22 nonhandicapped and a group of 22 emotionally handicapped students. Following informal conversations, language samples (180 communication units for each subject) were transcribed, segmented into communication units, coded, and scored to determine the quality and quantity of discourse errors students made. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used as the primary statistical test of the data to compare group means on all the dependent variables simultaneously. Results indicate that there was a significant difference between the groups based on the expressive language characteristics considered in this study. The major findings are discussed and implications for education and for future research are also presented.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN TEACHING VOCABULARY USING TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE AND DIRECT METHOD: THE CASE OF THE FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SD N 04 KARANGBRAI BODEH PEMALANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Kusumawardhani ◽  
Hery Sulistyanto
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Physical Response ◽  
And Control ◽  
Essay Test ◽  
Experimental Group

The objectives of the research are (1) to describe the mastery of English vocabulary of the fourth graders of SD N 04 Karangbrai in the academic 2010/2011 using Total Physical Response and Direct Method, (2) to identify the advantages and disadvantages of Total Physical Response and Direct Method in teaching foreign language vocabulary, (3) to describe whether there is or not any significant difference between the mastery of English vocabulary of the fourth graders of SD N 04 Karangbrai in the academic 2010/2011 using Total Physical Response and Direct Method.In this study, the writer used experimental research. The reason was the writer tried to compare two variables and observe their differences. The writer took two groups of the students for doing the research. In this research the writer used control and experimental group. The first group was taught by using direct method and the second group taught by Total Physical Response. The material of this research is vocabulary. The population of this research is the fourth graders of SD N 04 Karangbrai in the academic 2010/2011. The number population is 30 students.This research used test as an instrument. The writer uses oral and essay test, The oral test for Total Physical Response (TPR) and essay test for Direct Method (DM). The test is twenty items, in which each item are scored by one (1) point for right answer and zero (0) for wrong answers. After the data have been collected and analyzed,Based on t-result, the degree of freedom could be measured. The formula was used as follows = df = N1 + N2 – 2 so that the calculation is (30 + 30 – 2 ) = 58. The value of the table with df = of 5 % from the table is 1.672 it could be calculated that t- value is higher than t-table (10.477 > 1.672). It means that any significant difference between using Total Physical Response and Direct Method in teaching vocabulary. It can be seen from the average of experiment group ( x ) is 77.66 and control group ( y ) is 64.8. so the average of experimental group higher than of control group. The data prove the using Total Physical Response to teach vocabulary is effective.Key words: comparative, vocabulary, Total Physical Response, Direct Method, SD N 04 Karangbrai Bodeh Pemalang.

Epistemological beliefs of preservice social studies teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746
Author(s):  
Aşkın Baydar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Teaching Styles ◽  
Social Studies Teachers ◽  
State University ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Third Dimension

Epistemological beliefs are an individual’s personal beliefs about what knowledge, knowing, and learning are. These beliefs are important for pre-service teachers since they may affect their teaching styles in the classrooms. This study aims to determine if the pre-service teachers’ undergraduate education affects their epistemological beliefs comparing the epistemological beliefs of the first and the fourth grade students at the Department of Social Studies Education in a state university in terms of their epistemological beliefs. The data were analyzed using independent groups t-test to compare the scores of pre-service social studies teachers in the sub-dimensions of the epistemological beliefs questionnaire (belief that learning depends on effort, belief that learning depends on skills, and belief in a single truth) in terms of their gender and grade level. The results of the study show that, except for the third dimension of the questionnaire, the fourth graders have more sophisticated beliefs than the first graders. There is no statistically significant difference between male and female pre-service teachers regarding their epistemological beliefs.

scholarly journals Computer-Based Reading Texts to Support Fourth Graders’ Reading Comprehension

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Meral Gözüküçük ◽  
Nilgün Günbaş
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Traditional Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Traditional Format ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Reading Activities ◽  
Reading Texts

In an experimental research design, elementary school fourth grade students (n = 60) were randomly assigned to either computer-based reading or traditional reading conditions in this study. The groups completed before-reading, during-reading and after-reading activities on computer or in traditional format, respectively. The computer-based reading texts included static and animated visuals and background sounds. Students in each group completed a pretest, four reading texts and a posttest over a six-week period: the pretest in the first week, the four texts in the following four weeks, and the posttest in the sixth week. The results showed that although no significant difference was found between group’s pretest scores, computer-based group has significantly better posttest scores than the traditional group. Additionally, the fourth graders in the computer-based reading group significantly improved their reading comprehension. However, there was no significant difference between students’ reading comprehension results from pretest to posttest in traditional group. As a result, presenting students multimedia supported reading activities has a positive impact on their reading comprehension. Thus, we recommend teachers use individual and visually-supported computer-based reading texts to improve students’ reading comprehension.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Somatic Auditory Visualization Intellectualy berbantuan Lingkungan Hidup terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Kadek Andre Indrawan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Quasi Experiment

This study aims to determine the significant difference to the results of science learning between fourth graders Elementary School Gugus Ir. Soekarno South Denpasar academic year 2016/2017 which was taught by using SAVI model of assisted living environment and fourth grade students of SD Gugus Ir. Soekarno South Denpasar academic year 2016/2017 which was taught by conventional learning. This type of research is quasi experiment (quasi experiment).. Student learning outcomes data obtained through the test, the test used is the usual double-choice test, after obtaining the data of students' science learning outcomes then analyzed by t-test. Based on the significant level of 5% and dk = 74 (n1 + n2-2 = 37 + 39 - 2 = 74) obtained by ttable of 2.00 while tcount 3.49 (tcount = 3.49> ttable = 2.00). The average grade of the experimental class is 74.05 and the control class is 67.48. Thus, there is a significant difference to the results of science learning between fourth graders Elementary School Gugus Ir. Soekarno South Denpasar academic year 2016/2017 which was taught by SAVI model of environment-assisted learning and fourth grade students of SD Gugus Ir. Soekarno South Denpasar academic year 2016/2017 which was taught by conventional learning.

The Effect of Language Games with Audio Visual Aids on Students’ Speaking Competence at Fourth Graders of Tunas Daud Elementary School

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Susnawati. K ◽  
Marhaeni A.A.I.N ◽  
Ramendra D.P
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Competence Test ◽  
Better Than

Study aimed to determine the effect of language games with audio visual aids on students' speaking competence at fourth grade students of Tunas Daud elementary school and to describe the implementation of language games with audio visual aids on students’ speaking competence. The design used in this research was a mixed method design. It was explanatory design since this research was started with quantitative design (experimental design with post test only control design) followed by qualitative design. The samples were 62 students; 31 students of the experimental group and 31 students of the control group of fourth grade Tunas Daud elementary students. The data were collected by using speaking competence test and analyzed by IBM SPSS 22 with independent t-test. The data were also collected through an observation sheet for observing the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids. The results showed there was a significant effect of the language games with audio visual aids on students' speaking competence in which the mean score of the students who were taught by using language games with audio visual aids is better than the students who were taught without language games with audio visual aids. For the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids, it can be seen that the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids were done in a very good way. The games was suitable for the students since it could give good impacts for the students. The students are active and confident to speak.

The Effect of Statistics on Enjoyment and Perceived Credibility in Sports Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952199839
Author(s):  
Dustin Hahn
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Media Source ◽  
The Impact

Evolving media landscapes toward increasingly diverse and competitive environments in both traditional and new media requires producers regularly examine the quality of their productions. One growing line of research identifies the increasing presence and significance of statistics in sports media programming. This experiment measures the effect of statistics on enjoyment and perceived credibility by sport consumers while considering level of fanship, media source, and variations in placement within Instagram posts. Results uncover evidence that validates previous observations about statistics in media while contradicting others. Specifically, findings reveal that statistics enhance enjoyment and improve perceived credibility. Observations were consistent across fanship level. However, additional findings also suggest media source and placement of statistics influences both enjoyment and credibility as well. For both dependent variables, statistics in both the Instagram caption and image yielded significantly greater enjoyment and credibility than some other conditions including posts without statistics at all. The impact of these and other findings on sports media industry and scholarship, along with limitations and directions for future research, are discussed.

scholarly journals Stock Market Reaction to COVID-19: Evidence in Customer Goods Sector with the Implication for Open Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Zaky Machmuddah ◽  
St. Dwiarso Utomo ◽  
Entot Suhartono ◽  
Shujahat Ali ◽  
Wajahat Ali Ghulam
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Term Impact

The coronavirus pandemic has spread all over the world, affecting both the health and economic sectors. The aim of this research was to observe stock prices of customer goods before and after the COVID-19 pandemic using event study and the comparison test. The sample included data of daily closing stock prices and volume of stock trade during the three months before (−90 days) and after (+90 days) the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing, totaling 2670 observation data both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, for a total of 5340. The research findings indicate a significant difference between the daily closing stock price and volume of stock trade before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The current research has both theoretical and practical implications: the findings strengthen the efficient market hypothesis, which states that the more complete the provided information, the more efficient the market. The practical implication is that investors should be careful when choosing to invest. Investors should choose customer goods sector companies that provide products that are much needed by customers, for example, pharmacy, food, beverages, etc. Future research is needed to investigate the long-term impact of the pandemic on the economy.

scholarly journals Clinical benefits, referral practice and cost implications of an in-hospital pain service: results of a service evaluation in a London teaching hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Sussman ◽  
Elizabeth Goodier ◽  
Izabella Fabri ◽  
Jessica Borrowman ◽  
Sarah Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Referral Practice

Background: In-hospital pain services (IPS) are commonplace, but evidence of efficacy is inadequate, and patients’ pain management in any hospital ward remains problematic. This service evaluation aimed to measure the effect of a contemporary IPS, its appropriate use and cost-efficacy. Methods: Records of 249 adults reviewed by the IPS in an inner London Teaching Hospital over an 8-month period were analysed for demographic data, interventions, workload and change in pain intensity measured by numerical rating scale (NRS). Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate differences between initial and final NRS. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to create a correlation matrix to evaluate associations between all identified independent variables with the change in NRS. All strongly correlated variables (ρ > 0.5) were subsequently included in a binary logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of pain resolution greater than 50% NRS and improvement rather than deterioration or no change in NRS. Finally, referral practice and cost of inappropriate referrals were estimated. Referrals were thought to be inappropriate when pain was not optimised by the referring team; they were identified using a set algorithm. Results: Initial median NRS and final median NRS were significantly different when a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to the whole cohort; Z = –5.5 (p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the ‘mild’ pain group; z = –1.1 (p = 0.253). Regression analysis showed that for every unit increase in initial NRS, there was a 62% chance of general and a 33% chance of >50% improvement in final NRS. An estimated annual cost-saving potential of £1546 to £4558 was found in inappropriate referrals and patients experiencing no benefit from the service. Discussion: Results suggest that patients with moderate to severe pain benefit most from IPS input. Also pain management resources are often distributed inefficiently. Future research is required to develop algorithms for easy identification of potential treatment responders.

Development of Listening Comprehension Tests with Narrative and Expository Texts for Portuguese Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Santos ◽  
Fernanda Leopoldina Viana ◽  
Iolanda Ribeiro ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Sara Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Expository Texts ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Test Form ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Comprehension Tests

AbstractThis investigation aimed to develop and collect psychometric data for two tests assessing listening comprehension of Portuguese students in primary school: the Test of Listening Comprehension of Narrative Texts (TLC-n) and the Test of Listening Comprehension of Expository Texts (TLC-e). Two studies were conducted. The purpose of study 1 was to construct four test forms for each of the two tests to assess first, second, third and fourth grade students of the primary school. The TLC-n was administered to 1042 students, and the TLC-e was administered to 848 students. The purpose of study 2 was to test the psychometric properties of new items for the TLC-n form for fourth graders, given that the results in study 1 indicated a severe lack of difficult items. The participants were 260 fourth graders. The data were analysed using the Rasch model. Thirty items were selected for each test form. The results provided support for the model assumptions: Unidimensionality and local independence of the items. The reliability coefficients were higher than .70 for all test forms. The TLC-n and the TLC-e present good psychometric properties and represent an important contribution to the learning disabilities assessment field.

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