scholarly journals Electromyographic Comparison of Grand Battement Devant at the Barre, in the Center, and Traveling

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Krasnow ◽  
Jatin P Ambegaonkar ◽  
M Virginia Wilmerding ◽  
Shane Stecyk ◽  
Yiannis Koutedakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Stationary Condition ◽  
Abductor Hallucis

This study examined utilization of the trunk and lower extremity muscles during grand battement devant in three conditions: at the barre (supported stationary condition in 1st position), in the center (unsupported stationary condition in 1st position), and traveling through space. Forty dancers (age 30.0 ± 13.0 yrs, height 1.63 ± 0.06 m, weight 59.0 ± 7.4 kg, and 13.9 ± 13.3 yrs of training in ballet and/or modern dance) volunteered and were placed in three skill level groups: beginner (n = 12), intermediate (n = 14), and advanced (n = 14). Dancers executed five grand battement devant in each of the three conditions in randomized order. We examined muscle activation bilaterally in eight muscles (abdominals, abductor hallucis, erector spinae, gastrocnemius, gluteus maximus, hamstrings, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior) using surface electromyography, a three-dimensional video biomechanical tracking system to identify events, and force plates. All data were analyzed in four events: stance, initiation, peak, and end. Analysis was done using a linear mixed effects regression model with condition, event, muscle, level, and side as the fixed effects, and subject as the random effect. There were significant effects for muscle 3 event 3 condition (p<0.01) and for level 3 side 3 muscle (p<0.01). Muscle use varied according to the combination of event and condition that was executed, and these differences were also influenced by the level of training of the dancer and the side of the body used. It is recommended that dance educators consider the importance of allocating sufficient time to each of the three conditions (barre, center, and traveling) to ensure development of a variety of motor strategies and muscle activation levels for dance practice.

Effect of side-sling plank exercise on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius weakness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Baik ◽  
Heon-Seock Cynn ◽  
Chung-Hwi Yi ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jung-Hoon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Medial Rotation ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of side-sling plank (SSP) exercises on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius (Gmed) weakness is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To quantify muscle activation of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), lumbar multifidus (LM), Gmed, gluteus maximus (Gmax), and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) during SSP with three different hip rotations compared to side-lying hip abduction (SHA) exercise in subjects with Gmed weakness. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects with Gmed weakness were recruited. SHA and three types of SSP exercises were performed: SSP with neutral hip (SSP-N), hip lateral rotation (SSP-L), and hip medial rotation (SSP-M). Surface electromyography was used to measure the activation of the trunk and hip muscles. RESULTS: The trunk and hip muscles activations were generally significantly higher level during three SSP than SHA. SSP-M showed significantly lower EO activation while significantly higher ES and LM activation than SSP-L. Gmed activation was significantly higher during SSP-M than during SSP-L. TFL activation was significantly lower during SSP-M than during SSP-N and SSP-L. CONCLUSIONS: SSP could be prescribed for patients who have reduced Gmed strength after injuries. Especially, SSP-M could be applied for patients who have Gmed weakness with dominant TFL.

scholarly journals Mineral metabolism of pregnant goats under feed restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J. Härter ◽  
Lisiane D. Lima ◽  
Douglas S. Castagnino ◽  
Astrid R. Rivera ◽  
Alana M. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

We examined the effects of feed restriction on calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium metabolism in Oberhasli and Saanen goats during gestation. The 63 goats were distributed into groups that were divided into three levels of feed restriction (0%, 20% and 40% restriction) and slaughtered at different pregnancy stages (80, 110 and 140 days of gestation), in a randomised block design with a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. The mineral balance was determined at ~80, 110 and 140 days of gestation. The serum levels of minerals and alkaline phosphatase activity were determined during pregnancy. Mineral retention in the maternal body, femur, empty uterus, mammary gland, fetus and fetal fluid was also determined during gestation. Bone mineral density was measured in the femur. Mixed models with days of gestation, levels of feed restriction, breed and their interactions as fixed effects and blocks as random effect were used for data analysis. In response to the reduction in feed intake, the maternal body uses its mineral reserves to maintain gestation. Physiological adjustments of the goats subjected to 20% feed restriction avoided a decrease in fetal mineral deposition. More severe feed restriction, however, compromised concentrations of phosphorus, sodium and potassium in the fetus, which were the main minerals used by the maternal body, whereas calcium and magnesium deposition in fetuses remained unaffected. At 40% feed restriction, the retention of all minerals in the body decreased, and the fetal dry mass was on average also less than those fetuses from goats without feed restriction. The fetal deposition of phosphorus, sodium and potassium was also lower during 40% restriction.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional simulation of the Caenorhabditis elegans body and muscle cells in liquid and gel environments for behavioural analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1758) ◽  
pp. 20170376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Palyanov ◽  
Sergey Khayrulin ◽  
Stephen D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Simulation Engine

To better understand how a nervous system controls the movements of an organism, we have created a three-dimensional computational biomechanical model of the Caenorhabditis elegans body based on real anatomical structure. The body model is created with a particle system–based simulation engine known as Sibernetic, which implements the smoothed particle–hydrodynamics algorithm. The model includes an elastic body-wall cuticle subject to hydrostatic pressure. This cuticle is then driven by body-wall muscle cells that contract and relax, whose positions and shape are mapped from C. elegans anatomy, and determined from light microscopy and electron micrograph data. We show that by using different muscle activation patterns, this model is capable of producing C. elegans -like behaviours, including crawling and swimming locomotion in environments with different viscosities, while fitting multiple additional known biomechanical properties of the animal.  This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Connectome to behaviour: modelling C. elegans at cellular resolution’.

scholarly journals Wearable Sensors Detect Differences between the Sexes in Lower Limb Electromyographic Activity and Pelvis 3D Kinematics during Running

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6478
Author(s):  
Iván Nacher Moltó ◽  
Juan Pardo Albiach ◽  
Juan José Amer-Cuenca ◽  
Eva Segura-Ortí ◽  
Willig Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Men And Women

Each year, 50% of runners suffer from injuries. Consequently, more studies are being published about running biomechanics; these studies identify factors that can help prevent injuries. Scientific evidence suggests that recreational runners should use personalized biomechanical training plans, not only to improve their performance, but also to prevent injuries caused by the inability of amateur athletes to tolerate increased loads, and/or because of poor form. This study provides an overview of the different normative patterns of lower limb muscle activation and articular ranges of the pelvis during running, at self-selected speeds, in men and women. Methods: 38 healthy runners aged 18 to 49 years were included in this work. We examined eight muscles by applying two wearable superficial electromyography sensors and an inertial sensor for three-dimensional (3D) pelvis kinematics. Results: the largest differences were obtained for gluteus maximus activation in the first double float phase (p = 0.013) and second stance phase (p = 0.003), as well as in the gluteus medius in the second stance phase (p = 0.028). In both cases, the activation distribution was more homogeneous in men and presented significantly lower values than those obtained for women. In addition, there was a significantly higher percentage of total vastus medialis activation in women throughout the running cycle with the median (25th–75th percentile) for women being 12.50% (9.25–14) and 10% (9–12) for men. Women also had a greater range of pelvis rotation during running at self-selected speeds (p = 0.011). Conclusions: understanding the differences between men and women, in terms of muscle activation and pelvic kinematic values, could be especially useful to allow health professionals detect athletes who may be at risk of injury.

scholarly journals 62 Improved estimation of indirect social genetic effects in group-housed pigs by quantifying behavioral interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Belcy Karine Angarita Barajas ◽  
Rodolfo Cantet ◽  
Kaitlin E Wurtz ◽  
Carly O’Malley ◽  
Janice Siegford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Effect Model

Abstract Traditional social genetic effects modeling assumes uniform intensity of interaction between group members. Tree breeders proposed relaxing this assumption by incorporating estimates of intensity of competition between pairs of individuals. Here, we incorporated the quantification of aggressive interactions between pairs of animals in the estimation of indirect social genetic effects on skin lesions in the anterior part of the body in growing pigs. The data consisted of 491 pigs (215 barrows and 276 gilts, mean of 66 ±5 days of age). Animals were housed in 37 pens (11 to 15 pigs by pen) over 7 replicates. Trained scorers counted the number of skin lesions immediately before and 24 hours after mixing pigs. Animals were video-recorded for 9 hours post mixing and trained observers quantified the type and duration of aggressive interactions between pairs of pigs. The number of skin lesions in the frontal part of the body 24 hours post-mixing was the response variable and the number of seconds that pairs of animals spent engaged in reciprocal fights was used to quantify the intensity of interaction. We compared three different models: A direct genetic additive model (DGE), a traditional social genetic effect model (TSGE) assuming uniform interactions, and an improved social genetic effect model (ISGE) that used intensity of interaction to parameterize social genetic effects. All models included fixed effects of sex, replicate, lesion scorer, initial weight and pre-mixing lesion count; a random effect of pen; and a random direct genetic effect. The model ISGE recovered the most variance (smallest σe2) and resulted in the highest estimated h2 (P < 0.005). The model TSGE produced estimates that did not differ significantly from DGE (P = 1). Contrarily, incorporating the intensity of interaction into the modeling of ISGE allowed direct and indirect genetic effects to be estimated separately, even in a small dataset.

Electromyographic Evaluation of Arm and Torso Muscles for Different Postures in Windsurfing

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Van Gheluwe ◽  
Paul Huybrechts ◽  
Erik Deporte
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Flexor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Symmetrical Body ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Low Activity

This study evaluates the action of 20 selected arm and torso muscles. The subjects were 19 windsurfers of different skill levels. Muscular activity was recorded electromyographically, using surface electrodes. The subjects were standing on a specially devised windsurf simulator in order to keep the different surf postures as standardized as possible. Through two-way ANOVA techniques, the electromyographic activity relative to its maximal isometric value was compared for different muscles, surf postures, and skill levels. Also, differences between the left and right sides of the body were investigated. From the results, the following may be concluded: (a) As all muscles display rather low activity (an average of less than 20% of their maximal isometric values), windsurfing does not seem very demanding of muscular force. (b) The M. flexor carpi radialis, together with the M. erector spinae, tend to exhibit higher levels of activity for beginners, which suggests, respectively, a more rigid grip on the wishbone and stronger low back muscle activation in order to keep a correct posture, (c) Left–right asymmetries mainly occur for symmetrical body postures, especially for the M. flexor carpi radialis and the M. erector spinae. As for the M. trapezius (pars superior), experienced surfers tend to display a dominant right asymmetry, (d) Muscle activity does not exhibit significantly different values for various surf postures. However, typical deviating postures, as observed in beginners, may induce higher levels of muscle activation.

scholarly journals Development of a Portable Anchored Dynamometer for Collection of Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions in Biomechanics Research on Dancers

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Krasnow ◽  
Jatin P Ambegaonkar ◽  
Shane Stecyk ◽  
M Virginia Wilmerding ◽  
Matthew Wyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Dance ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Dance Medicine

Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been used in dance medicine research since the 1970s, but normalization procedures are not consistently employed in the field. The purpose of this project was to develop a portable anchored dynamometer (PAD) specifically for dance-related research. Due to the limited studies in the dance research literature using normalization procedures for sEMG data, a review of the procedures used in the exercise science literature was conducted. A portable anchored dynamometer was then developed and tested with dancers, using methods validated in previous literature. We collected sEMG maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC, mV) from 10 female dancers (mean age 31.0 ± 15 yrs, mean height 163 ± 7.6 cm, mean weight 57.6 ± 6.9 kg, and 17.0 ± 13.9 yrs of training in ballet and/or modern dance) over three trials (5 sec each) for eight muscles bilaterally (quadriceps, tibialis anterior, abductor hallucis, gastrocnemius, hamstrings, gluteus maximus, erector spinae, and rectus abdominus). Consistency of data and feedback from dancers suggest that this dance-specific portable anchored dynamometer is effective for future sEMG studies in dance research.

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