scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF SCHOOL ENROLMENT IN INDONESIA: THE ROLE OF MINIMUM WAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-204
Author(s):  
Dyah Savitri Pritadrajati
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Educational Investment ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
Senior Secondary

This paper investigates the role of minimum wages in determining school enrolment (educational investment) in Indonesia using the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas). It finds that minimum wage legislation has a negative and significant substitution effect on educational investment. Individuals are more likely to drop out of senior secondary school as a result of a minimum wage legislation. Even though the response among low-income households is positive, this result may be generated by a fall in the probability of obtaining low-skilled employment, which offset the substitution effect.

‘I Failed to Work Hard’: Reasons for Secondary School Dropout among Muslim Men in Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-69
Author(s):  
Aashti Salman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
School Level ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Muslim Men

This article aims to understand the reasons and experiences which contribute to dropout among Muslims in India at the secondary school level (grades IX–XII). The focus of this article is low-income Muslim men, who have left school at the secondary level, in a predominantly Muslim neighbourhood of Jamia Nagar, Delhi. The context of this article is set by the seminal Sachar Committee Report which highlights the educational disadvantages of Muslims, categorising their school dropout rates as ‘worrisome’. The findings of this article are partially consistent with previous research. In the final instance, the Muslim men in Jamia Nagar linked their school leaving to their personal failure: in terms of their inability to maintain interest in studies/failing to clear a grade. There was a strong value attached to hard work, which men felt they lacked, and this was cited as the reason for their personal failure in school. In the process of constructing this narrative, family experiences were downplayed. School experiences were singled out by men as not affecting their decision to drop out. Another striking finding of this study is the relationship between self-employment and the decision to drop out.

scholarly journals An Appraisal of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy I (NEEDS I) in Nigeria: The Educational Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 718-729
Author(s):  
Taiwo Aderemi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Senior Secondary

This paper set out to assess the performance of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS I) in Nigeria in relation to its educational goals. These goals include; increasing enrolment in primary and secondary schools, improving the quality of education, and increasing funding to this critical sector. Several economic reform programmes in Nigeria have been abandoned not because they had no accomplishments, but largely as a result of paucity of studies assessing them. No paper in the Nigerian literature has appraised the NEEDS I vis-à-vis its stated educational objectives. This paper therefore fills this void. In realizing the objective of this study, I adopted the before and after approach, which involves comparing educational performance indicators before the initiation of the NEEDSI and during the programme. The findings revealed improved performance of educational indicators such as female enrolment in primary schools, adult literacy rate, primary school completion rate, and Senior Secondary School Certificate Examinations during the NEEDS programme, although achievements were modest. Budgetary allocation to the sector as a proportion of total budget was below 10 per cent and less than the 25 per cent UNESCO recommendation. Funding to this sector should be increased and monitored in order to achieve sustainable improvements in educational outcomes. Completion rate in secondary school was also low. This paper therefore suggests the extension of the universal basic education scheme to the senior secondary level to reduce drop-out rates.

The Role of Risk Preference in Immigration and Minimum Wage Policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1709-1724
Author(s):  
Yulian Wang ◽  
Hongfei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
Employment Elasticity ◽  
Enforcement Policies

Abstract This paper examines the effects of two enforcement policies and a minimum wage policy in controlling illegal immigration and improving welfare when capital is immobile. The model highlights the importance of the role of risk preference by considering various attitudes to risk held by illegal immigrants and host firms. It is shown that the effect of internal enforcement on the wage rate in host firms depends on the attitude to risk of illegal immigrants and host firms. It is also shown that the impacts of the minimum wage legislation differ according to risk preference and the degree of labor employment elasticity to the source wage. Moreover, attitude to risk is shown to be important in determining the effectiveness of policies on welfare.

Protecting the Low Income Earner: Minimum Wage Determination in Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Plowman
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Wage Adjustment

The Minimum Wage, in various variants, has been an important part of Australian wage determination for over a century. This paper documents the development of the minimum wage and in so doing highlights the pivotal role of the Sunshine Harvester case. That case left a number of legacies which are examined in other parts of the paper. These include the bifurcated nature of wage determination, consideration of family size, the sexual division of labour and wages, the conflict between needs and capacity to pay, wage adjustment indexes and the role of minimum wages in a decentralised wages system.

scholarly journals An incomplete breakthrough

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Qiuyin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
German Law ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Member States ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
Wage Floor ◽  
The Eu

This article reflects on how appropriately the German Minimum Wage Act— the latest national minimum wage legislation within the EU— has been constructed so as to remedy the fading role of collective bargaining in wage setting and curb the increasing in-work poverty across the country. Based on identifying four fundamental parts of a minimum wage regime, it examines successively the corresponding provisions in the German law, with frequent comparisons with the legislation of several other Member States. It is found that Germany has refrained from learning the positive legislative experiences of its EU counterparts, and has developed a minimum wage regime that is distinct in more than one aspect. Such a wage floor, however, loses efficiency and momentum before serving the original purposes of its own introduction.

scholarly journals Therapeutic alliance: satisfaction and attrition of patients from a mental health clinic in Ayacucho, Peru

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Maria C. Prom ◽  
Jeffrey Stovall ◽  
Luis E. Bedregal ◽  
James Phillips ◽  
Mario A. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Early Withdrawal ◽  
Working Alliance Inventory ◽  
Prospective Comparison ◽  
Patient Withdrawal

This study examines the role of the patient–provider relationship (alliance) and patient satisfaction in early patient withdrawal from mental health therapy in rural Peru. A prospective comparison of 60 patients demonstrated that early withdrawal was associated with the clinician's, but not the patient's, evaluation of the patient–provider alliance. This suggests that the satisfaction and alliance questionnaires typically used in high-income countries may not be effective in evaluating patient attitudes in this population, but may be useful for clinician evaluations of the alliance. Clinicians can use the Working Alliance Inventory to indicate the need for early intervention to prevent patient drop-out in middle- and low-income countries.

Wages, Salary, and Remuneration—Towards a Social Wage

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-164
Author(s):  
Zoe Adams
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contract Of Employment ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
Wage Regulation ◽  
Social Wage

This chapter traces the development of minimum wage legislation through the early to mid-twentieth century. It demonstrates the significance of the concept of ‘remuneration’ in shaping the legal environment in which workers’ right to payment was coming to be conceived. The first section begins with a discussion of this concept, tracing it from its origins in the concept of the salary. The second section builds on this analysis to explore the role of these concepts—the wage, the salary, and remuneration—in experiments in wage regulation. The third section explores the link between these different concepts and the emerging relational model of the contract of employment. The fourth section shows how these changes influenced the way in which minimum wage legislation came to be conceived in the mid-twentieth century, particularly in the context of the wages councils system of the 1940s. The fifth section then explores the broader implications of these changes, returning to the example of dock work and the various ‘decasualization’ policies of the era.

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